初中英语介词课件.ppt

1、介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之 间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子 成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相 当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它 的宾语。,介词的含义,什么是介词？它的作用是什么？,1.Look at me.( ) 2.He goes to school by bike.( ) 3.He is interested in drawing.( ) 4.The book is on the desk.( ),代词,名词,动名词,介词:通常用在_、_、_ 之前，表示某个人、事物/东西、事件与 另一个之间的_。,名词,代词,名词,动名词,关系,介词的主要分类：,1. at the ci

2、nema, in the hospital _ 2. Write with a pen, go by bus _ 3. in summer, on Septemper 1st _ 4. by the way, at last, in the end _,地点介词,方式介词,时间介词,固定搭配,一.地点介词,1.at the village , at home, at the corner of the street. _ 2.in Shanghai , in the country, in Asia, in the world, in space _ 3. in the box, on the

3、 chair, under the desk, next to Kate, on the right of Lucy, in front of the house, behind the door _,表示小地方用at,表示大地方用in,表示不同地方用具体不同的介词,填上正确的地点介词：,1.在广州 _ Guangzhou 2.在电影院 _ the cinema 3.在湖边 _ the lake 4.在海里 _ the sea 5.树上的苹果 apples _ the tree 6.书上的小鸟 birds _ the tree 7.在天空上 _ the sky 8.在教室外 _ the cla

4、ssroom 9.在农场上 _ the farm 10.在街道上 _ the street,in,at,by,in,on,in,in,outside,on,in,二.方式介词,1.write with a pen, cut with a knife, lock with a lock _ 2. see with our eyes, do with our hands, smell with our noses, eat with our mouths _ 3. in English , in French , in your own words, in three language _ 4.

5、in a loud voice, in a low voice _ 5. in this way, by this means _,使用工具用介词 with,使用器官用介词 with,使用语言用介词 in,使用声音用介词 in,使用方法用介词 in 或 by,6.by bike, by bus, by train, by plane, by ship, by car (on foot) by land 陆路， by sea 水路，by air 空运 _ 但：on the bike, on the bus, on the train, on the plane, on the ship, in

6、the car,in ink 7. Shanghai lies _the east of China.( ) Japan lies _the east of China.( ) Hubei lies _the north of Hunan.( ) 8.in a read coat, the girl in yellow, the boy in white _ 9.lie in bed, after a while, in the sun（在阳光下） under the sun（天下，世界上；到底，究竟）,使用交通工具用 by,in,to,on,在中国内部,在中国外部,两地接壤,表示穿衣服用 i

7、n,固定搭配,( ),三.时间介词,1.at six oclock, at noon, at that time, at half past three, at mid-night _ 2.on Sunday, on New Years Day, on March 21st, on my birthday _ 3. in three days, in a week, in a month, in May, in 1998 _ 4. in the morning, in the afternoon , in the evening _ 但： on the morning of May 1st 5

8、. at night = _ _ night 6. in the day = in the _,表示点钟或具体一点时间用 at,表示在某一天用 on,表示大于一天的时间用 in,在早上/下午/傍晚 用 in,in,the,day-time,later单独使用可用将来时或过去时态 The others will join us later。 later on 后来，再过些时候,7. 具体时间用不同的介词:,在放假期间 _the holiday 在圣诞节期间 _ Christmas 三天之后 three days _ （一般过去时） _ three days （一般过去时） _ three day

9、s（一般将来时）,during,later,at,after,in,注意,四、其它介词: 的 , 表示数量 of two kilos of fish 作为 as such as 关于 about, on a book on India 目的, 原因, 对于for She hurried home for her homework 像. like She is like her mother. 离 off Lucy fell off her bike and hurt her left leg.,五、习惯搭配：,1)介词与名词:,in the end . by the way. during t

10、he day. for the first time in time at the beginning of in a hurry on show to ones surprise in danger,2). 名词与介词:,the key to a letter for a ticket for. a visit to . the difference between . and,3).动词与介词：,talk about worry about look afterlaugh at arrive at/in hear from operate onapologize to agree with

11、go through,4）形容词与介词：,be good at be excited at be different from be ready for be late for be sorry for be interested in be careful of be proud of be full of be keen on be harmful to be kind to be pleased with be angry with be busy with,5）.动介词组与动副词组,动介：,go over get on depend on operate on call on join

12、 in arrive in,动副,think over turn on put on take off see off get in hand in,6）容易出错的地方：,We shall be very busy with (in) June. Henry was waiting for (at) the bus stop. I am used to work (working) hard We are looking forward to see (seeing) you .,六、易混淆介词辨析,1、after/ in 皆可表示时间在之后，其区别为：after .表示“在某点时间之后”，用

13、于将来时。如： Well go out for a walk after supper.表示“一段时间之后”，用于过去时。如： My mother came home after half an hour.in 表示“一段时间之后”，用于将来时。如： Well go to school in two weeks.,2、between /among 1) between 多指两者之间。如：Whats the difference between the two words? 2) among 指三者或三者以上的同类事物之间，在或笼统的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在中间，在之中”。如：The you

14、ng people lived and worked among the workers. 注意：我们可以说between you and me，但不能说 between you and I，因为between是介词。 3) between还可以用来指三个或三个以上的人或物的每两个之间。三个或三个以上的名词用and连接，前面用between，而不用among。如：There is not much difference between the three of them. Switzerland lies _ France, Ger-many, Austria and Italy.,betwe

15、en,3、besides /except We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang （除之外，还有）全部计算在内 We are all Chinese except Tom in our class. （除之外，不计算在内） All the students in our class went to the cinema _ Kangkang, why? Because he had a bad cold. AExcept Bbesides CBeside Dwithout,【解析】except“除之外”，排除在外的意思；besides“除之外”，包

16、含在内；beside“在旁边”；without“没有”。根据题意可知用except，故选A。,1. We all passed the exam Jenny(Jenny passed too)./ Jenny(Jenny didnt pass). 2. I can do wait. 3. We are here Mary.,besides,except,nothing but,all,but,over表示与某物不接触的“正上方”，under与其相对，表 示“正下方”。 The sky is over our heads. 天空在我们头顶上。 The cat is under the table

17、. 那只猫在桌子底下。 above表示“在的上方”，“高于”；below与其相对， 表示“在的下面”，“低于”。 The temperature will stay above zero in the day time ，but at night it will fall below zero again.白天气温将保 持在零度以上，但在晚上又将降到零度以下。 on指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。 They put some flowers on the teachers desk.他们把一 些花放在讲桌上。,4、over, above, on,cross 作动词用，“穿过，越过”的意思

18、。主要表示在物体表面上横 穿。如横过马路、过桥、过河等，与go across同义。 例如：Be careful when you cross the street.过马路时要小心。 Cross (Go across )the bridge, and you will see a big buiding. 过这座桥你就会看到一栋大楼。 cross作名词用是“十字架，十字形饰物”的意思。 across是介词，有“横跨，横穿，穿越”之意。 across与go/walk等动词连用表示“穿过，越过，横穿”的意思。与 cross基本同义，也是表示从物体表面经过。 例如：Go across the road

19、 , you will find the post office on your left.横过这条公路，你会发现邮局就在你的左边。,5、cross，across, through,through是介词，“在.之中，透过”的意思，常与go,walk等动词连用，表示“穿越，横穿”等意思。主要表示从物体内部穿过。如穿过森林、隧洞等。例如：The two friends were walking through the forest.这两个朋友正沿着森林走。The sunlight comes through the glass.阳光透过玻璃。,1. We must _ the road very

20、carefully. 2. Before going _ the road, you should look left first and then right. 3. I try to get into the room _ the window because I cant open the door. 4. They drove _ the street quickly, but the police caught them at last. 5. Its dangerous to swim _ the river. 6. Go _ the bridge and you will see

21、 the station.,cross,across,across,across,across,through,in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围 以外； in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某个范围以内 例如： There are some tall trees in front of the building. 在楼前有一些高树。 The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom. 老师坐在教室前面,6、in front of, in the front of,on,in,over,onto

22、,under,to,across,through,in front of,behind,beside,near,at,into,from,in the middle of,7、aboveoveronbelowunder,below,under,Be careful, there is a heavy box_ your head. The sun is _ the mountain in the east. There are some stamps _ the desk. The position he pointed to was _ the sea level. The little m

23、ouse is _ the table, so it is not easy to find it.,over,above,on,abovebelow,under,表示“延续的一段时间”时，可用“for时间段”或“since过去的时间点”，常与含延续动词的完成时连用。How long have you been in this city?你在这座城市待了多久了？For ten years. 十年。Mr Smith has lived here since 1998.史密斯先生自从1998年就住在这。,8、since, for,表示在上时，不是都用on，有时须用in。 在树上 in the tr

24、ee 用于指树上的鸟、人等。 on the tree用于指生长在树上的叶子、果实。 在墙上 in the wall镶嵌在墙内，指窗户、门、钉子等。 on the wall在墙的表面之上，指地图、画像等。 在报纸上 in the newspaper用于指报上的内容。 on the newspaper用于指放在报纸上的东西，如眼镜等。,9、in, on,be made of 从成品上看得出的材料 be made from从成品上看不出的原料 be made in产地 be made by制造者 be made up of由组成，由构成 be made into 被制成 It is said tha

25、t this kind of cloth is made of silk and it is made in China. 据说这种布料是由丝绸制成的并且由中国制造。 This wine is made from grapes.这酒是葡萄酿的。 This machine is made by Uncle Wang. 这机器是王伯伯制造的。 The article is made up of four parts. 这篇文章有四部分组成。 Flour（面粉）can be made into bread.,10、be made of、 be made from、 be made in、 be ma

26、de by、be made up of、be made into,be used for doing sth. =be used to do sth.意为“被用来做”。介词for表示用途，后接名词或动词ing形式。be used by 意为“被使用”，介词by后面接动作的执行者(宾语)。be used as 意为“被用作”，介词as表示“作为”，be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做”，to是介词。The stamp is used for sending letters.邮票是用来邮信的。English is widely used by travellers and bu

27、siness people all over the world.英语被全世界的旅行者和商人广泛使用。English is used as the second language in many countries.英语在许多国家被当作第二语言。I am used to getting up early every morning.我习惯早晨早起。,11、be used for doing sth、be used to do sth、be used by 、be used as 、be used to doing sth.,12、其他混淆词组 in the wall （在墙的表面） on th

28、e wall （在墙的内部）,go on doing sth go on to do sth go on with sth,接着做同一件事,继续做不同的事,接着做相同的事,be familiar with sb./sth. （人）熟悉某人/某物 be familiar to sb. （物）为某人所熟悉,be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求 be strict in sth. 严格对待某事,in the air 在空中 on the air播出,shout to 呼喊，向喊 shout at对吼，责骂,in the endat lastfinally最后 by the end o

29、f 到末止 at the end of在结束时，在末端，,be known to sb.为某人所知 be known as 作为而出名，被叫作 be known for因而出名,be busy with sth.忙于某事 be busy doing sth.忙着做某事,ahead of time提前，超前 sometime某时 some time某段时间，某一时期 sometimes=at times有时 sometimes 许多次，许多倍 at a time=each time每次 at one time=once曾经,13、练一练,在岁时 _ the age of 有时 _ times/s

30、ometimes 开始,在起初 _ the beginning of 此刻 _ the/this moment = now 在结尾,在尽头_ the end of 例如 _ example =such_ 匆忙地 _ a hurry 到的时候 _ the time=when 从到 _ 在户外,在野外 _ the open air,at,at,at,at,at,for,in,by,from,to,in,as,相邻，靠近 next _ 遍及 all_ 将来 _ the future 由于,幸亏 thanks _ 过了一会儿 _ a while 在地球上 _ the earth 到底、究竟_ eart

31、h 下课/放学/下班后 _class/school/work 展出 _ show 值日 _ duty 独立, 单独 all _ oneself 令(某人)惊讶 _ ones surprise,to,in,to,after,on,after,on,on,by,to,over,on,arrive _/_a place find _ （发现，找到） get on/along _ be afraid _ sth. hand _(上交） hand _(分发） be angry _ sb. be angry _ sth. be strict _ sb. be strict _ sth. be ready

32、_ be full _=be filled_ be good _=do well _ be busy _ sth. be late _ be interested _ eat _ give _ (放弃） grow _,in,at,with,up,in,for,at,for,up,up,out,of,with,with,of,in,at,out,with,in,with,in,hear from (sb) ring up hold on 1. 继续;坚持;保持 2.(打电话时)等一等 hurry up stop sb. from doing sth. knock at/on take off l

33、augh at take part in listen to think about look after/at/for/up/out try on try out take care of turn on/off make friends with wait for pay for wake up put on/up/off write down worry about make progress with,1.His father is very angry_him his study. A. at，with B.with，at C.to，about D.about，to 2.Paper

34、is made_wood. A.from B.of C.by D.in 3.The basket is full_apples. A.with B.of C.in D.by 4.Kate cant come. Lets ask wei Hua instead_her. A.of B.for C.to D.with 5.The heavy rain stopped me_getting to school on time. A. to B.from C.on D.for,B,A,B,A,B,6.Li Lidas parents are very proud _ their son. A.to B

35、.in C.for D.of 7.The fox looked up_ a cock sitting the tree. A. to，in B.at,in C. for，on D.at，on 8.Please wait _ the bus stop near my home. A.for B.at C.next D. in front 9.Where is your bike made_? A.in B.from C. of D./ 10.When the red light is on，its dangerous to go_the street. A.across B.through C.

36、 cross D. to,D,B,B,D,A,11.He is rich _ unhappy. A.or B.and C.so D.but 12.Take a rest _ you finish the work. A.before B.after C.until D.while 13.You cant pass the exam, _ you study hard. A.if B.of C.unless D.and 14._our team tried best, _ we failed. A.Though,but B.Because,so C.If,and D. Though,/ 15.D

37、ont get off _the bus stops. A.when B.after C.until D.so,D,B,D,C,C,16.There is a good play_TV this evening. A. on B. by C. in 17. How far is it _ Guangzhou_Beijing? A. fromto B. fromfor C. awayto 18. Japan lies _the east of China. A. to B. in C. on 19. Mr. Brown has gone to Canada. He will be back _

38、tow weeks. A. for B. after C. in 20. A: What time did you get there this morning? B: _ eight. A. In B. At C. On 21. We all agree _you. Lets start at once. A. to B. for C. with,A,A,A,C,B,C,22. My aunt arrived here _a warm spring morning. A. in B. at C. on,23. A:When did your uncle arrive _ China? B:

39、He got to Guangzhou_the morning of the 16th of April. A. in, on B. in, in C. at, on 24. Hawaii is famous _its beautiful beaches. A. in B. for C. with 25. We must stop children from_with fire. A. play B. played C. playing,C,A,B,C,26. Look, Tina is waiting _ the bus stop. Afor Bat Cin DTo27. What woul

40、d you like to do _ such a bad boy? Awith Bon Cat Din28.The young man walked _ the forest and came to a big river at last. Aon Bover Cthrough Dacross29.The food _ my country is quite different _ that here. Ain; like Bto; from Cfrom; to Din; from30. Taiwan is a beautiful island and its _ the east of Fujian. Ain Bon Cto,B,A,C,D,C,31.It is said that a new zoo will be built in our town. Im _ it. Zoos are terrible for animals. Athrough Bbesides Cagai