Landmark-Compass培训PPT.ppt

1、COMputerized Planning Analysis Survey System,Drilling and Well Services Software,Compass - Directional Drilling Software Suite Casing Seat - Casing Shoe Setting Depths StressCheck - Casing Design WellCat - Tubular Design/Production Load Analysis Drill Model - AFE Generation WELLPLAN - Engineering An

2、alysis Dims - Drilling Reporting/Data Analysis Profile - Wellbore Schematic/Drilling Data Retrieval,What is COMPASS?,A suite of software tools for Directional Well Planning - Planning Module Survey Management - Survey Module Calculating positional uncertainty and wellbore separation - Anti-Collision

3、 Module Creating hardcopy plots - Wallplot Composer Module Displaying results using various online graphics and reports Construct data repository for storing deviation data that can be linked other data modules.,COMPASS Modules,Planning Module Enables you to design the shape of the proposed wellbore

4、 Survey Module Calculates a wellpaths actual trajectory Anti-Collision Module Checks the separation of surveyed and planned wellpaths against any number of offset wells Site Optimiser Module Determines optimum site location to minimize all drilling.,Company Field Site Well Wellpath Plan and Survey,D

5、ata Structure,A Company may have several Fields Companies may have different policies on .,Company,Vertical Section Origin,A Field is a collection of Sites.,Field,Geodesy,Science of measuring earths surface Earth is round and maps are flat A geodetic system enables the conversion of geodetic co-ordi

6、nates (angles on a round earth - latitude/longitude) to map co-ordinates (distance on a flat map - easting/northing) To do this we must know the geodetic system, the datum and the zone,Geodesy,Geodetic System One or more map projections covering adjacent parts of the globe. May be comprised of one o

7、r more zones Geodetic Datum Defines a common reference and shape for the surface of the earth in the area of interest Zone One segment of a geodetic system. Each zone may map a different area,Grid System,TWO COMMON PROJECTION MODELS: UTM Grid System Divides world into 60 equal longitudinal Each zone

8、 is 6 deg wide Distortion increases toward the north Lambert Conformal Conic Projection,Transverse Mercator (TM) System,Transverse form of Mercator projection: This is equivalent to wrapping the cylinder around an Earth ellipsoid so that it touches the central meridian throughout its length.,Univers

9、al Transverse Mercator,The earth is divided into 60 zones Any point on the earth may be identified by its Zone number “Northing” “Easting” Length is defined in meters,Coordinates,EASTING To avoid negative values, the Central Meridian in any zone is defined as 500,000 m.,Central Meridian,NORTHINGS: N

10、orthern Hemisphere 0 meters at the equator and increasing toward the north.,Equator,Coordinates,Magnetic Declination,DEFINITION: The angle between True North and Magnetic North as measured from True. Easterly Declination (clockwise) is positive. Westerly Declination (anticlockwise) is negative. Decl

11、ination is added to Magnetic Azimuth,TN,MN,EAST,TrueNorth,MagneticNorth,+ MagneticDeclination,TrueNorth,MagneticNorth,- MagneticDeclination,Compass - Sign of Magnetic Declination,Magnetic Declination,Universal Transverse Mercator,CONVERGENCE: Convergence is the correction applied to convert True Nor

12、th to Grid North. At the central meridian, Grid North equals True North. Convergence will vary with distance away from the central meridian and with distance away from the equator.,Grid Convergence,Quantifies the amount of distortion for each mapping area Is applied to each survey,DEFINITION: The an

13、gle between True North and Grid North as measured from True North Easterly Convergence (clockwise) is positive Westerly Convergence (anticlockwise) is negative Convergence is SUBTRACTED from Corrected Azimuth,Grid Convergence,Central Meridian,Equator,500,000 m,G,T,G,T,G,T,G,T,Grid = True - Conv,Grid

14、 = True - Conv,Grid = True - Conv,Grid = True - Conv,+,+,-,-,Sign of Grid Convergence,Grid Convergence,A Site is a collection of Wells.,0.0 N/S,0.0 E/W,Site,A Well is a surface location referenced from from the Site local co-ordinate system May contain one or more Wellpaths,Well,Wellpath,Wellpath,We

15、llpath,A Wellpath will also have its own local Magnetic Field calculated using the Geomagnetic Model defined at the Field Level This local Field is calculated using an appropriate Date of Operations when surveys were being recorded and the Wellpath Location,Survey,A Survey is a series of observation

16、s made in a section of wellbore with the same survey tool on the same tool run.,The Survey Tool can be Traditional (MD, Inc, Azi), Inclination Only (MD, Inc), or Inertial (TVD, N/S, E/W).,Targets,A target is a point in a geological space that is used as an aiming point or volume for directing wellpa

17、ths,The Target Editor contains two lists: site targets - all targets in the current site wellpath targets - targets associated with the current wellpath - a subset of the site list,Geometrical Targets may be defined as a point, circle, ellipse or rectangle. You can offset the “aiming point” from the

18、 geometric centre.,Geometrical Targets,Geometrical Targets,Geometrical Targets may be defined as a point, circle, ellipse or rectangle. You can offset the “aiming point” from the geometric centre. Using thickness up and down, the “aiming point can be offset vertically.,Geometrical Targets,Geometrica

19、l Targets may be defined as a point, circle, ellipse or rectangle. You can offset the “aiming point” from the geometric centre. With thickness up and down the “aiming point can be offset vertically. Targets can be rotated .,Geometrical Targets,Geometrical Targets may be defined as a point, circle, e

20、llipse or rectangle. You can offset the “aiming point” from the geometric centre. With thickness up and down the “aiming point can be offset vertically. Targets can be rotated . . and inclined from horizontal with rotation about the “aiming point”.,Up,Down,Compass Target Shapes,Circle,Rectangle,Elli

21、pse,Polygonal Targets,Polygonal Targets may be defined with any number of points,Polygonal Targets,Polygonal Targets may be defined with any number of points They may also be assigned a thickness above and below a centre,Polygonal Targets,Polygonal Targets may be defined with any number of points Th

22、ey may also be assigned a thickness above and below a centre Polygons can be rotated . . and inclined from horizontal with rotation about the “aiming point”.,Polygonal Targets,Unlike Geometrical Targets which have a constant thickness.,Polygonal Targets,Unlike Geometrical Targets which have a consta

23、nt thickness Polygonal targets have variable thickness, definable for each point, enabling wedge shaped targets to be defined,Polygonal Targets,Polygonal Target Points may be defined using local Northings & Eastings.,N,S,E,W,(0,0),(149,78),(180,158),(115,151),(210,128),(285,168),(329,102),(260,72),P

24、olygonal Targets,Polygonal Target Points may be defined using local Northings & Eastings . Or defined using Geodetic Co-ordinates.,N,S,E,W,(500145,118110),(500294,118188),(500325,118268),(500260,118261),(500355,118238),(500430,118278),(500474,118212),(500405,118182),Geological Target,2. Points are 1

25、00 possible repeat survey locations of the actual point of penetration. The 8 points lying outside the geological target represent the 8% probability that the target has been missed. We say the “inclusion probability” at the point is 92%.,Geological and Drillers Targets,1. Surveys show that well has

26、 penetrated the target at . Uncertainty in this position is usually represented by an error ellipse (this one is drawn at 2sd).,3. We can colour-code the inclusion probability at every point inside the geological target boundary as follows:, 95% 90% - 95% 90% etc.,The result is a “contour map”,Geolo

27、gical and Drillers Targets,Well Direction,4. Approximating one of the probability contours with straight lines defines the extent of a Drillers target,Drillers Target,3. We can colour-code the inclusion probability at every point inside the geological target boundary as follows:, 95% 90% - 95% 90% e

28、tc.,The result is a “contour map”,Geological and Drillers Targets,Planning Module,The Plan Editor is a mathematical toolbox consisting of a large number of directional well planning solutions. 2D slant & build wells to complex 3D wells up to and beyond the horizontal Can thread any number of targets

29、 Active plans can be combined with Anti-collision module and the Target Editor,2D Well Design - Slant Well “J”,L1 Measured Depth of Kick OffB1 Build Rate at StartI1 Maximum AngleL2 Length of Hold Section,4 Parameters2 to define2 to compute,Kick Off Point,L1,B1,I1,L2,Target,Tangent Section,Build Sect

30、ion,7 Parameters5 to define2 to compute,2D Well Design “S” Well,B2 2nd Build RateI2 Final InclinationL3 Length of Final Hold,L1 Measured Depth of Kick OffB1 Build Rate at StartI1 Maximum AngleL2 Length of Hold Section,Build / Turn Curves,Align by Inclination (Calc. Dogleg & Toolface),Dogleg / Toolfa

31、ce Curves,Optimum Align,This Plan Method constructs three sections. Curve,Optimum Align,This Plan Method constructs three sections. Curve , Hold,Optimum Align,This Plan Method constructs three sections. Curve , Hold, Curve,Optimum Align(Curve Hold Curve),By the end of this method the wellpath will h

32、ave hit the target and be on a specified inclination and azimuth.,Inc,Azi,Optimum Align(Curve Hold Curve),By the end of this method the wellpath will have hit the target and be on a specified inclination and azimuth. These could be user entered values.,Optimum Align(Curve Hold Curve),By the end of t

33、his method the wellpath will have hit the target and be on a specified inclination and azimuth. These could be user entered values. Or calculated using 2nd target location,Optimum Align(Curve Hold Curve),Get there by.,Optimum Align(Curve Hold Curve),. Entering (calculating) two dogleg rates or.,R,R,

34、Optimum Align(Curve Hold Curve),. entering the length of tangent section or.,Optimum Align(Curve Hold Curve),. entering the TVD of the start and end of the tangent section.,Thread Targets,Displacement,Inc TVD,Desc TVD,Use this method to thread a series of targets. Targets can be sorted by.,OR,OR,Nam

35、e,OR,Glory - A1,Glory - A2,Glory - B1,Glory - B2,Glory - C1,Glory - C2,Target List Glory - A1 Glory - A2 Glory - B1 Glory - B2 Glory - C1 Glory - C2,Thread Targets,Curve Only,Curve-Hold,Optimum-Align,Targets can be threaded using either .,OR,OR,Straight Line,OR,Least Turn,Hold Section,This tool is u

36、seful for defining planned kick off points, or extending the trajectory beyond a target. You can add straight-line projection to either a MD, TVD or to a VSEC.,Measure Depth,Hold Section,True Vertical Depth,Hold Section,Vertical Section,Landing Calculations,Landing Calculation contain plan methods f

37、or horizontal or dipping formation targets.,Simple Projection,Landing Calculations,Target Plane,Survey Module,Calculates drilled wellpath trajectories from entered survey data using the company specified survey calculation method. Using an assigned survey tool error model for each survey, the wellpa

38、th positional uncertainty over the depth range of the survey can be calculated and included in the definitive wellpath to be used for anti-collision.,Survey Module,Main components Survey Setup Enter the tie-on point Assign a survey tool Import from an ASCII file Survey Editor Type in surveys Compute

39、 the wellpath shape Project ahead from the last survey point Interpolate points by MD, TVD, INC or AZI,Survey Module,Survey Analysis Generate survey data quality charts and reports Survey Reports Create either pre-defined reports, or Design your own survey reports,Definitive Path,The definitive path

40、 may be either a plan or be compiled from one or more surveys. When calculating wellpath uncertainty and wellpath separation, COMPASS uses the definitive path, not individual surveys.,The Definitive Path Story,MWD is the only data we have so it becomes the Definitive Path,MWD replaced by a gyro surv

41、ey. The gyro survey becomes the Definitive Path,MWD in next open hole section tied-on to gyro to form Definitive Path,Gyro run from surface replaces all previous surveys to form the Definitive Path,Definitive Path While Drilling a Well,Definitive Path: TOTCO 26”,Survey List TOTCO 26”,Error System We

42、llbore position uncertainty Scan Method Distance between wellpaths Warning Method Criteria for reporting separation,Anti-Collision - Concepts,Error System Wellbore position uncertainty Cone of Error Inclination Cone of Error Systematic Ellipse (SPE 9223) also known as Wolff & de Wardt ISCWSA (SPE 56

43、702) Industry Steering Committee for WellBore Survey Accuracy,Anti-Collision - Concepts,Tool code errors may increase with inclination For example -,Error System - Cone of Error,Inclination Expansion 0 to 14.99 7ft/1000ft 15 to 24.99 9ft/1000ft 25 to 34.99 12ft/1000ft 35 to 49.99 14ft/1000ft 50 to 7

44、9.99 15ft/1000ft 80 to 89.99 21ft/1000ft,Error System - Systematic Ellipse,Combines the following survey tool errors Relative Depth Error Error in measuring along hole depth e.g. stretch in a wireline. Misalignment Error Error due to instrument misalignment in the wellbore True Inclination Error Err

45、or in inclination reading Compass Reference Error A constant error in direction due misalignment e.g. gyro foresight error or error in magnetic declination. Drillstring Magnetization Magnetic interference cause by “hot spots” Gyrocompass Error due to gyro gimbal drift,Error System - ISCWSA,Dynamic N

46、umber of Error Sources (Terms), each defined by: Name e.g. Accelerometer Bias Vector direction for error source Azimuth Depth Inclination Lateral Misalignment Inertial Bias Value error value for the source of error Tie-On determines how an error source is tied onto sources: Random Systematic Well Gl

47、obal Formula weighting for each error term e.g. ASX Range inclination range for error term,Scan Method Distance between wellpaths Horizontal 3-Dimensional closest approach Travelling Cylinder,Anti-Collision - Concepts,Horizontal,Travelling Cylinder,3 Dimensional,Scan Method,Scan Method,3 Dimensional

48、,Disadvantages- Gives a distorted impression of separation on a travelling cylinder plot.,Advantages- Always show the minimum distance to an offset wellpath.,Travelling Cylinder,Scan Method,Advantages- True to the concept of a traveling cylinder plot.,Disadvantages- Difficult to understand, scans from offset well back to reference well,Horizontal,Scan Method,Advantages- Simple to understand.,Disadvantages- Should not