7_繁复与简短.ppt

1、繁复与简短,小组成员 张爱民、符海山 白佳立、李凤熙,plain English The most prevalent disease in present-day writing is a tendency to say what one has to say in as complicated a way as possible. Instead of being simple, terse and direct, it is stilted, long-winded and circumlocutory; instead of choosing the simple word it pr

2、efers the unusual; instead of the plain phrase the clich.,繁复与简短,现代英语书面语通常采用比较复杂的句式结构,句子显得又长又繁,有的句子可长达100到200个单词,甚至长致整个大段,由此可见英语的繁复.,英语句式长且繁复的原因 （1）英语呈形合，具有丰富的形合机制与形合手段。 （2） 句尾呈开放性。,繁复与简短,英语句子呈主谓核心协调控制全句结构,有词的形态变化约束,有连接手段连接词语与从句,有代词使词语前呼后应. Eg:A tall building, in which some old people have lived sinc

3、e it was built in 1976 , will be rebuilt next year because it has been detroyed in the earthquake.,繁复与简短,从句和短语可以充当句子的主要成分与从属成分,从句可以环环相扣, 短语往往不短. 英语定于修饰语可以后置,又有关系代词与被修饰语连接,句子可以不断向句尾扩展,延伸.,繁复与简短,)But the mingled reality and mystery of the whole show，the influence upon me of the poetry，the lights，the m

4、usic，the company，the smooth stupendous changes of glittering and brilliant scenery，were so dazzling，and opened up such illimitable regions of delight，that when I came out into the rainy street，at twelve oclock at night，I felt as if I had come from the clouds，where I had been leading a romantic life

5、for ages，to a bawling，splashing， linklighted，umbrella-struggling，hackney-coach-jostling，pattern-clinking，muddy，miserable world(Charles Dickens：David Copperfield),繁复与简短,整个演出既具有现实感又富有神秘色彩。诗歌、灯光、音乐、演员，光耀夺目、变幻神奇的舞台背景，感染了我。整个场面是这样地令人眼花缭乱、心旷神怡。当我在午夜时分走出戏院来到雨淋淋的街道上时，我感到自己刚才仿佛是在仙境中传奇般地生活了好久，而现在则已脱离了这个仙境来到了另

6、外一个世界。这里是一片叫喊声，一阵阵飞溅开来的泥浆，一盏盏路灯，一把把挤来挤去的雨伞，一辆辆争先恐后的马车，一串串踢踢嗒嗒的木鞋声，一片泥泞，一片悲惨。,Complex vs. Simplex(繁复与简短）,Subordiantion(从属结构），the placing of certain elements in modifying roles, is a fundamental feature of English. With plenty of subordinate clauses and phrases, English has comparatively longer and mo

7、re complicated sentences than Chinese which, on the other hand, is marked by its coordination(并列结构）， loose or minor sentences(松散句），contracted sentences(紧缩句）， elliptical sentences, run-on sentences, and composite sentences(并列式的复句）。,繁复与简短,如果一个语法结构含有同一层次甚至更高一层次的结构为其直接成分，这种现象“从属” 从属与其他结构的结构叫“从属结构” Eg:Th

8、e man with a gun in his hand,繁复与简短,从属结构包括分句和短语。分句可以层层环扣,短语往往不短。 从属分句可以分为：限定从属分句（finite subordinate clause）非限定从属分句（Non-finite subordinate clause）无动词分句（verbless clause）eg:whether by accident or by desigen ,he arrived too late to help us.,反复与简短,作用： （1）从属可以在语义上分清主次 Eg:Befroe she could answer the telepho

9、ne, it stopped ringing. 特点（2） 从属分句通常由从属连词引导. 主要包括简单从属连词,复杂从属连词,关联从属连词,边际从属连词.,English sentence-building is characterized by an “architecture style” with extensive use of longer or subordinate structures, while Chinese,a “chronicle style” （流水记事法）with frequent use of shorter or composite structures. I

10、n a word, English sentences are often complex while Chinese sentences are often simplex.,反复与简短,英语句子中的每一个成分均可有 修饰语，并且修饰语不止一个。每个修饰都可以很长，一个修饰语还可以被另一个修饰语修饰，因此句子结构复杂，犹如“参天大树，枝叶横生” 汉语句子修饰语少而短，句子由一个个小分句构成，逐步展开，犹如“万顷碧浪，层层展开”.,王力指出，“中国人作文虽讲究炼句，然其所谓炼句只是着重在造成一个典雅的句子，并非要扩充句子的组织。恰恰相反，中国人喜欢用四个字的短句子，以为这样可以使文章遒劲。由此

11、看来，西洋人做文章把语言化零为整，中国人做文章几乎可以说是化整为零。”,翻译启示 英译汉是常常要破句重组，化繁为简。 汉语的分句或流水句，译成英语时，常常要化简为繁，组合成复合句或长句。,繁复与简短,In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors 门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一。(比较：门口放着至少有十二把五颜六色、大小不一的雨伞。) The air seems sticky from the scent of busting buds. 花蕾初绽, 散发出一种芳香,这时的空气有种粘

12、呼呼的感觉.,繁复与简短,A beautifully situated park on the lakes shore provide a perfect spot to savor ice cream while watching the boats darting about on the bay or the exciting arrival of people when the famous Mounting Washington as she docks nearby. 译文:公园坐落在湖边，风光秀丽，在这里你可以一边品尝冰激凌，一边观赏湖湾上得游艇飞似得穿梭往来，当著名的华盛顿号游轮靠近码头时，兴奋的人们熙熙攘攘地靠岸。,繁复与简短,It is a curious fact ,of which I can think of no satisfactory explanation,that enthusiasm for country life and love of natural scenery are strongest and most widely diffused precisely in those European countrie