高一定语从句

1、定语从句 Attributive Clause,1. 概念 在一个主从复合句中，修饰主句中的某个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。,2. 分类 a. 先行词分类- sb / sth b. 引导定语从句的引导词分类- 关系代词 、 关系副词 c. 先行词在定语从句中的成分- 主语，宾语，定语，状语 d. 定语从句形式分类- 限制性 、 非限制性定语从句,3. 用法 关系代词的用法： 当先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，定语 成分时要求使用关系代词。 做主语 who / that 当先行词是人时 做宾语 whom / who / that/ 省略 做定语 whose 做主

2、语 which / that 当先行词时物时 做宾语 which / that / 省略 做定语 whose,b. 关系副词的用法： 当先行词在句子中充当状语时，要求使用关系副词。 做 时间状语-when onduring which 地点状语where inat which 原因状语why for which,1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. thatB. who C. whom D. this 2. The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher. A. whom B.

3、which C. whoD. / 3. The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary. A. thatB. whose C. whichD. as,A,c,A,定语从句练习,4. The house _ windows are broken was bought by my grandfather last year. A. whose B. of which C. which D. of that,A,5. Id like a car _ front lights are big and round. A. which B. who C. whose D.

4、 of which,C,6.The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father. A. which B. who C. whose D. of which,C,关系副词和先行词的关系,I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling.,on the day =when,in the house= where,for the

5、 reasons =why,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,This is the factory. I worked in the factory ten years ago. This is the factory where I worked ten years ago. The school is near a park. My son studies in this school. The school where my studies is near a park. Theyll never forget July 1. Hong Kong returned to its mother

6、land on July 1. Theyll never forget July 1 when Hong Kong returned to its motherland.,1. The farm _ we stayed last week is a lovely place for a holiday. A. when B. where C. that D. at that,B,2. Have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born? A. where B. in that C. that D. which,A,3. Octo

7、ber 1,1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. A. which B. when C. where D. in which,B,1. This is the man _ we talked about. 2. This is the house _ once LuXun lived. 3. He lives in the room _ door is green. 4. The girl _ father is a doctor works very hard. 5. He has a brother _

8、is a worker. 6. We went to school _ we met Tom. 7. We went to school _ you talked about. 8. That is the reason _ I was late. 9. That is the reason _ you gave to her.,whom,where,whose,whose,who,where,which,why,which,4. 定语从句中需要注意的问题： 问题一 ：关系代词 which / that 的区别 在以下情况下只能使用关系代词 that 先行词前有序数词、形容词最高级所修饰时 I

9、t is the first composition that I have written in English. This is the best film that has been shown these years.,先行词是不定代词时 none, some, all, much , little, something, anything, everything, nothing. Is there anything that I can do for you? That is all that I need . 先行词被 only , few , little , any , al

10、l 等词所修饰时 You can take any seat that is free. There is little time that we can see.,先行词中既有人又有物时 He told us the people and the places that he had visited. 主句中有who / whom 时 Who is the man that is standing over there? 在 there be 句型中，先行词是物时。 There is a book that I am interested in .,以下的情况只用 which 引导非限制性定

11、语从句时 Tom was late again, which made me very angry. 当关系代词前有介词时 The pen with which he is writing was bought last week. 先行词本身是that 时 That which you told him about is what we want to know.,以下情况只能使用who 先行词为 those 指人时 Those who want to go there will wait at the school gate. there be 的句型中，先行词指人时 There is a

12、 young man who asks for you.,1. The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. whichB. in which C. that D. all,C,2. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year. A. whoB. whom C. which D. /,D,3. Those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please rais

13、e your hands. A. which B. whom C. thatD. who,D,限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别:,意义不同 限制性定语从句，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，具有限制作用，使先行词的含义更具体、更明确。如果省略了定语从句会造成句意不完整或概念不清。 非限制性定语从句，与先行词的关系并不密切，只对先行词作附加、补充说明，省略后主句意思仍很清楚。,eg. A doctor is a person who looks after the patients. He left for Canada, where he had stayed for two years.,2.

14、形式不同 非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。,3. 翻译不同 一般常把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的词 之前；而翻译非限制性定语从句时，常和主句 分开，按并列句翻译。,eg. He is a clerk who is believed in by the manager.,他是一位受到经理信任的雇员。,He is an honest clerk, who is believed in by manager.,他是一位诚实的雇员，受到经理的信任。,Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town.

15、,彼得开了一天的车，提议在下一座城镇停下来。,4. 含义不同,All the books which have pictures have been sent to him. All the books , which have pictures, have been sent to him.,2. He has a brother who is a doctor. He has a brother, who is a doctor.,特殊注意的问题 1. which 在所引导的非限制性定语从句中，有时可修饰整个句子，代替前面一整句话。 a. Bamboo is hollow , which

16、makes it very light. b. The exam has been put off , which is what we want. c. Mary was late again , which made her teacher angry.,2. as引导的定语从句 当先行词前有such , the same 修饰时，先行词在从句中做主语 、宾语时使用 as. a. He has bought the same type of bike _I have. b. Dont talk about such things _you are not sure of . c. Such

17、 teachers _know Tom think him bright.,as,as,as,the same,such,Such,as 用在非限制性定语从句中，as 代表主句整句意义。as 译为 “正如”。此时，as引导的定语从句可以放在句首，或是主句之后，或是分割主句。 a. Her performance was excellent, as we had expected. b. TaiWan, as is known to everyone, is a part of China. c. As we all know, light travels faster than sound.,

18、诸如这类as引导的定语从句通常有固定的译法：,as we all know 正如大家都知道的 as I can remember 正如我所记得的 as is well known 众所周知 as is expected 正如预料的那样 as you see 这一点你明白,as is often the case 这是常有的事,as is reported 正如所报道的那样,1._was natural,he married Jenny. A.Which B.That C.This D.As 2.Such signs_we use in the experiment_ Greek letters

19、. A.as ,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is 3.She is very good at dance,_everybody knows. A.that B.which C.who D.as 4.It was raining,_was a pity. A.what B.that C.the which D.which 5._has been said above,grammar is a set of dead rules. A.Which B.What C.That D.As 6.We do the same work_they do. A.which B.

20、as C.than D.like,D,A,D,D,D,B,This is such an interesting book _ we all like. This is so interesting a book _ we all like. This is such an interesting book _we all like it. This is so interesting a book _we all like it.,as,that,Please complete the following sentences and compare:,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣

21、的一本书。(定语从句),这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句),考点与难点归纳,地点、时间名词做先行词时关系代词关系副词的选择,1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.Th

22、is is the reason _ he gave.,when /in which,which/ that,where/ in which,which/ that,why/ for which,that/which,of 短语做定语从句的先行词时,从句谓语单复 的问题. one of +复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词复数形式 the (only) one of +复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词单数形式 Tom is one of the boys who _late this morning. Tom is the only one of the boys who _late this morn

23、ing.,were,was,填上合适的关系词并分析原因： 1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.,that/ which/不填,that/in which/不填,缺状语,缺宾语,the way用做先行词,whose 的用法,The teacher praised the student. His English is the best in our class.,The teacher p

24、raised the student whose English is the best in our class.,The teacher praised the student, of whom the English is the best in our class.,whose + n. = the + n. + of whom of whom + the + n.,The house is mine. The window of the house is broken.,The house whose window is broken is mine.,The house is mi

25、ne.,the window of which is broken,of which the window is broken,先行词是人，则用of whom; 先行词是物，则用of which,The classroom _ door is broken will soon be repaired.,whose,The classroom， is broken will soon be repaired.,the door of which,Do you like the book cover is yellow?,Do you like the book， is yellow?,whose

26、,the cover of which,介词+关系代词的情况,The man whom you spoke was a scientist. The city which she lives is far away.,to,in,关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。,1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10? 3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she of

27、ten talks? 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies.,on which,for which,from which,about which,through which,看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配,He gave me some books _ which I am not very familiar.,with,根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配,1.The rate _ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased. 2.This is our clas

28、sroom ,_（在前面） which there is a teachers desk.,at,in the front of,1.He made a hole in the wall, _ which he could see what was going on outside the house.,through,2.The comments on their product, _which this is one example, are very sharp.,of,3. There is a tall tree outside, _ stands our teacher.,unde

29、r which,“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each , few等代词或者数词。,1.The committee consists of 20 members and 5 of _ are women.,them,2.The committee consists of 20 members, 5 of _ are women.,whom,3.The book contains 50 poems, and most of _were written in 1930s.,them,4.The book

30、contains 50 poems, most of _were written in 1930s.,which,We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people, most of _are healthy. A. that B. which C. what D. whom,I have many friends,_ some are businessmen. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom The factory produces half a million pairs of shoe

31、s every year,80%_are sold abroad. A of which B. which of C. of them D. of that,D,A,D,1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him. 2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.,我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。,国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。,where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。,where 的特殊用法,解析：

32、如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。,1.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. A. which B. that C. where D. when 2. -Do you have anything to say for yourself? -Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on . A. why

33、 B. where C. how D. /,做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。,1. All the neighbors admire this family, _ the parents are treating their child like a friend. A. why B. where C. which D. that,B,2. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. A. where B. which C. when D. that,A,考场思维训练,速决战 15 题,1. Aft

34、er living in Paris for 50 years, he returned to the small town _he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 2. I never forget the days _ we spent together. A. that B. when C. whose D. what 3. Have you seen the film “Brokenback Mountain” , _leading actor is world famous? A. its B. its C. whose D. which,B,A,C,4. This is the book _ I paid ten yuan. A. for which B. for that C. which D. off which 5. The teacher discussed with Jim, _ problem was poor study habits. A. one of which B. one of whose C. whose D. which 6. The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thie