普通物理实验各实验数据(几乎全部都有哦)

1、实验中数据处理期末考试题从以下实验的数据中，每人选做一个实验。在认真阅读所写部分的实验教材后，写出一份高质量的实验报告。实验报告要按普通物理实验课本上的内容要求来写，要求实验报告用计算机处理数据后，写成电子版（写上姓名）的发我邮箱。纸质的实验报告按试题格式用A4纸打印后，请于2013年6月10日前推举的负责同学按实验类别归类统一处收齐上课时交。（实验报告要求：重点突出数据处理内容，避免原理及操作内容太多）实验一、单摆的研究1、用游标卡尺测出摆球的半径r = d / 2零点读数：0.000cm 最小分度值：0.002cmd (cm)1.9021.9001.9021.8921.9001.8922、

2、用米尺测出摆线的长度l (l =x1 - x2+d/2) x1 (cm)0.100.100.100.100.100.10x2 (cm)107.40107.41107.39107.38107.41107.43l (cm)3、用秒表测单摆摆动50个周期的时间t零点读数：0.00s 最小分度值：0.10st (s)104.00104.10103.75103.39104.25104.104、用米尺测出摆线的长度l (摆长L = l+d/2) ，用秒表测单摆摆动50个周期的时间t不同线长l(cm)50个周期时间123456100.00t1(S)100.40100.39100.38100.38100.42

3、100.3990.00t2(S)95.2395.2595.2295.2495.2395.2580.00t3(S)90.1090.0890.1190.1290.0990.1070.00t4(S)83.2483.2383.2683.2583.2283.2460.00t5(S)78.3878.4278.4078.4278.3878.4150.00t6(S)71.7071.6874.7271.7471.3771.40实验二、杨氏模量的测定（伸长法）1在不同拉力时标尺像的读数yi以及金属丝微小伸长量变化的数据记录表1 不同拉力时标尺像的读数yi以及金属丝微小伸长量变化的数据记录拉力Fi (kg)拉力F改

4、变时标尺像的读数yi(cm)F增加F减少F增加F减少F增加F减少02.002.012.011.981.982.0212.502.492.492.502.502.4922.902.952.912.952.952.9533.403.403.393.393.383.3743.803.813.793.803.813.7954.284.264.224.234.254.2264.684.694.684.664.684.7875.115.125.125.515.125.1185.575.575.555.555.525.522光杠杆d1，d2和金属丝的测量记录 表2 螺旋测微计零点读数为：0.012 mm 次

5、数123456d(cm)0.8100.7950.8070.8040.8030.801D1(cm)6.940.03D2(cm)169.450.05 l (cm)72.820.05实验三、杨氏模量的测定(梁弯曲法)材料一： 1.用螺旋测微计测a值： 零点读数：0.001cm 最小分度值：0.001cm12345a (cm)0.23040.22830.22870.23010.2292 2.用游标卡尺测量b值：零点读数：0.000cm 最小分度值：0.002cm12345b (cm)1.5161.5121.5161.5181.514 3.用米尺测量l 值：最小分度值：0.01cm，l = 26.60c

6、m4.加法码时xi 改变量如下表：加减加减imi (kg)xi (cm)xi (cm)xi (cm)xi (cm)007.41087.40738.63738.633010.27.37127.35678.59008.544020.47.31807.3-538.54458.539830.67.27577.25658.49708.491040.87.22577.20788.44988.448151.07.18187.16058.40448.4001材料二： 1.用螺旋测微计测a值： 零点读数：0.001cm 最小分度值：0.001cm12345a (cm)0.18050.18050.18160.18

7、290.1832 2.用游标卡尺测量b值：零点读数：0.000cm 最小分度值：0.002cm12345b (cm)1.5081.5121.5041.5041.508 3.用米尺测量l 值：最小分度值：0.01cm，l = 26.60cm4.加法码时xi 改变量如下表：加减加减imi (kg)xi (cm)xi (cm)xi (cm)xi(cm)007.28687.26008.46708.448010.27.13307.10108.32108.296820.46.98476.95708.17288.145830.66.83356.79408.02237.890040.86.68416.6397

8、7.86677.837351.06.52256.48347.71067.6808实验四、弹簧振子的研究 1.研究锥型弹簧的C值： m0 = (12.8900.010)g m= (3.7900.010)gnm (g)50 T (s)1m+159.8559.852 +263.3563.353 +366.5566.554 +469.5669.655 +572.7572.756 +675.4574.457 +778.1078.108 +880.9080.90 2.研究柱型弹簧的C值： m0 = (13.9340.010)g m= (3.7900.010)gnm (g)50T (s)1m+143.55

9、43.552 +245.65 45.853 +347.90 47.804 +449.55 49.505 +551.30 51.306 +653.20 53.007 +754.80 55.008 +856.75 56.70实验五、弦振动的研究 1.弦的线密度：= (0.385 0.004) g/cm 2.观察弦上的驻波： (1)读出音叉频率：= 102.8HZ (2)确定FT(或m)的取值：(取n = 1，l = 25cm ， = 0.38510-1 kg/m) (3)取m = m同 + m砝 = 4.7 + 5 = 9.7(g) 求改变l 使之分别为n = 1，2，3，4时的波长：( = 0.

10、1cm)，数据如下：l1 (cm)l2 (cm)l3 (cm)l4 (cm)125.0026.2526.5626.00249.3550.0850.2550.38372.4572.6373.6474.08499.3099.05100.25100.42 3.弦上横波道德波长与张力的关系： (1)取n 2时，改变m 的值，测量l，数据如下表：m ( g ) l1 (cm)l2 (cm)l3 (cm)l4 (cm)18.367.6567.8568.1068.4528.384.4585.2585.5587.3538.3100.37101.35102.23103.2548.3109.15109.65109

11、.82110.3558.3117.25118.25118.45119.5568.3124.15123.56123.82124.5478.3138.47138.74139.38140.0588.3145.38146.48147.52148.65实验六、刚体转动的研究砝码的下落高度h = 1.46m，空盒的质量m0 = 8.72g，钢环的质量m1 = 1.40kg表1 绕线轴直径Di (mm)50.2450.2650.2250.26表2 不同转台时不同砝码的质量下的下落时间mi（g）123456空转台28.724.804.794.844.784.834.8163.723.533.563.493.5

12、23.503.5078.723.193.183.193.163.153.18100.722.532.602.562.592.602.56钢环78.7215.1015.0815.0615.0915.0515.0663.7210.8110.8410.8210.8710.8410.8778.729.609.569.609.579.579.58100.728.088.108.078.098.068.08实验七、倾斜气垫导轨上滑动块运动的研究滑块质量m = 259.7g，挡光片宽度d = 1.497cm，两光电门间距s =80.00cm表1 垫块高度的记录hi (cm)12345h10.9600.962

13、0.9640.9640.968h21.9121.9141.9101.9141.912h32.8802.8822.8802.8842.884h43.8403.8403.8423.8443.842h1+h44.8004.8024.8064.8084.810表2 挡光片的宽度12345d (cm)1.5001.4981.4981.5001.498表3 平轨上A、B门的时间及过B、A的时间tA (ms)tB (ms)tB (ms)tA (ms)1541556545570254055753957035335465405544540546539561表4 导轨垫高h1 ，h2 ，h3 ，h4 ，h1+h4

14、时过A、B门的时间hit (0.1ms)12345h1tA523521522522519tB324324324322321h2tA375374374374375tB228228229229228h3tA307310320310319tB189190194190188h4tA277271280268274tB169164166164165h1+ h4tA248243246244240tB147148147147147实验八、滑块运动运动学规律的研究实验目的：1、熟悉了解气垫导轨的基本性能 2、研究位移和时间、速度和时间、加速度和时间的关系表1 在拉力F作用时，st的记录砝码加砝码盘质量：m =

15、6.4gis=30.00cms=40.00cms=50.00cms=60.00cms=70.00cms=80.00cmt(mS)1584.946719.545852.738978.2301098.8911211.9282583.788719.468854.094980.5361098.0801209.2713584.439724.114855.141978.8181097.5721208.7454584.293721.172852.966978.5321092.9541209.7585585.712722.290854.832979.8081089.6431208.8746582.136720

16、.780852.871981.1231091.1491208.380表2 加速度恒定时，vt的记录挡光片的宽度d = (0.9400.002)cmis=30.00cms=40.00cms=50.00cms=60.00cms=70.00cms=80.00cmt(mS)122.02819.09217.10415.83314.85114.246222.22119.31617.07315.99914.98214.250322.39419.58317.46815.89814.90014.238422.36719.29817.32415.94014.88414.274522.43818.82717.395

17、15.97914.97914.284622.50818.74417.34615.95314.96914.227（s表示滑块到光电门的距离，即静止释放的位置）表3 加速度和时间的关系记录砝码盘质量m = 0.4g，d = (0.9400.002)cm,s = (50.000.05)cmi4g5g6g7g8g9gt1(mS)131.93629.45727.19125.76124.28023.098232.14229.43327.20025.67724.19323.184332.28329.39327.45525.80824.30423.157432.07629.38127.23225.76324.

18、37723.175532.03429.47327.44125.66624.31122.895632.05029.32127.23725.70724.19522.985t2(mS)114.69513.45712.50911.74011.08510.538214.72213.54012.51411.79011.07210.527314.74713.55312.55511.77711.13410.545414.75713.54112.52811.76211.15810.550514.76013.51812.56711.78611.11610.510614.75213.39512.53611.7641

19、1.06010.544实验九、滑块运动动力学规律的研究表1 m一定时F与a的相关量测量滑块m砝= 127.9g，砝码盘m盘= 3.5g，s = (59.000.05)cm，d = (1.0000.002)cm砝码m(g)1234561tA1(mS)29.09829.57430.05132.74132.74131.353tB1(mS)13.90413.04014.08714.21814.21814.1693tA2(mS)25.61324.31725.81226.22324.85925.224tB2(mS)14.72713.87914.07214.39213.60914.1065tA3(mS)22

20、.48421.90722.26222.45522.84622.585tB3(mS)13.61213.25414.46413.41313.41313.4197tA4(mS)18.81622.12522.94425.32328.07024.600tB4(mS)12.81613.09113.27712.98714.94512.496表2 F一定时m与a的相关量测量砝码盘m盘= 3.5g，砝码9g，s = (59.000.05)cm，d = (1.0000.002)cm滑块m(g)123456176.3tA1(mS)43.26651.80743.52247.36049.00648.230tB1(mS)

21、9.1079.1669.5099.1469.2419.246225.6tA2(mS)47.08246.30249.54448.10843.13446.087tB2(mS)10.58710.56410.59010.59110.52410.430274.4tA3(mS)92.96880.04698.38799.17894.82786.997tB3(mS)12.51812.89313.14513.16013.24113.191274.6tA4(mS)90.67692.41397.12087.99591.20883.084tB4(mS)12.47212.43912.58613.18413.32513.

22、042实验十、复摆振动的研究1、对A端所测数据：SGA = 50.01cm，摆动30次，复摆M = 2.198kgSi (cm)hi (m)t1 (s)t2 (s)t2 (s)4.100.459148.0248.0148.027.580.424347.7047.7547.7211.050.389647.0547.0047.0014.050.355146.4046.3546.4517.920.320946.1046.1046.2021.400.286146.2246.2046.2024.900.251146.0546.1046.0528.300.217146.9046.9046.8531.800

23、.182148.3848.2048.3035.300.147150.5550.7550.522、对B端所测数据：SGA = 50.00cm，摆动30次，复摆M = 2.198kgSi (cm)hi (m)t1 (s)t2 (s)t2 (s)4.000.460048.3548.3048.327.500.425047.5547.4247.4510.950.390546.9546.9046.9214.400.356046.3046.3046.3217.850.321546.0046.0046.0021.300.287046.0046.0046.0024.800.252046.5046.4046.45

24、28.250.217546.4546.5546.5031.720.182848.2548.2548.2535.200.148050.7051.0050.80实验十一、自由落体运动当h0 = 20.00cm，即v0 0对四个不同小球下落时测量数据hi (cm)1号小球体2号小球体3号小球体ti (ms)ti (ms)ti (ms)110.00279.12279.26279.31280.47280.57280.49280.90280.95280.88100.00256.45256.65256.24257.75257.80257.91258.74258.73258.6990.00233.31233.

25、23233.31234.68234.63234.71235.02234.96234.9180.00208.50208.45208.46209.76209.76209.75210.09210.08210.1070.00181.94181.97181.96183.09183.08184.10183.43183.44183.4760.00153.42153.52154.46154.49154.53154.52154.73154.74154.75实验十二、液体表面张力系数的测定 1.用游标卡尺测量细丝ab 的长度l及直径 d：= 0.02mml = 4.000(cm)， d = 0.298mm 2.用

26、求弹簧的劲度系数：加减imi (g)li (cm)li (cm)11.001.001.0021.501.581.5832.002.082.1042.502.642.6653.003.183.1963.503.723.72 3.用拉脱法测表面张力系数：= 0.01cm，水温 = 22.0C，12345678L0 (cm)3.653.703.653.703.653.703.653.70L (cm)5.004.924.954.904.914.904.914.90H = L - L0 (cm)L0, (cm)2.582.552.552.562.602.502.562.55L, (cm)3.083.02

27、3.023.003.203.103.302.96H = L,-L, (cm) 4.用拉平法测表面张力系数：= 0.01cm，水温 = 22.0C，12345678L0 (cm)4.204.184.284.124.154.204.154.16L (cm)4.654.644.684.524.654.704.654.70H= L - L0实验十三、液体粘度的测量1、用分析天平测得10个大钢球的质量M = 2.6066g，10个小钢球的质量m = 1.1028g2、钢球直径的测量 零点读数：0.004mm12345678910d1 (mm）3.9963.9823.9933.9953.9943.9943

28、.9963.9963.9953.993d2(mm)2.9982.9992.9992.9952.9982.9973.0002.9982.9992.995 3、测得量筒的内直径D = 3.486cm，量筒内甘油的深度h = 24.50cm，N1，N2间距离l = 10.50cm4、小球通过N1，N2的时间12345678910大球t (s)1.992.001.801.951.851.801.921.901.801.90小球t (s)3.353.353.213.253.303.253.253.403.203.25 实验十四、金属比热容的测定 1、金属块质量m = 347.2g，内筒和搅拌器质量m1

29、= 174.1g，混合后M = 672.5g2、室温 = 22.68C前八分钟i12345678ti (min)01235678Ti (C)39.1038.9038.6638.4038.1838.8337.8337.69一分钟i910111213141516ti (min)7778Ti (C)35.1335.0134.9534.90后八分钟i1314151617181920ti (min)910111213141516Ti (C)34.8234.7834.6534.5834.5034.4034.3234.22实验十五、热功当量的测定 1、测量内筒和搅拌器质量m1 = 137.9g，混合后M =

30、 303.3g，2、测量实验前后室温1 = 23.89C，2 = 23.92C3、测量热丝两端电压u = 12.52V，电流I = 0.81A4、测量温度计 电热丝和接线柱质量已知为m2 + m3 = (31.10 0.03)g升温降温t (min)T (C)t (min)T (C)t (min)T (C)t (min)T (C)125.301635.30141.101638.60226.241735.56240.891738.51327.121836.40340.701838.40427.721936.93440.581938.31528.532037.54540.382038.19629.

31、512138.10640.172138.05730.022238.61739.982237.94830.522339.10839.782337.81931.012439.58939.562437.621032.592540.101039.362537.511133.232641.121139.252637.431234.102741.601239.152737.301334.31281339.932837.211434.51291438.802937.151535.10301538.713037.10 实验十六、冰的溶解热的测定 1、测量内筒和搅拌器质量m1 = 118.4g，水的质量m =

32、107.0g，冰的质量M = 18.1g，2、温度计直径d = 0.566cm3、测量实验室室温 = 23.65C，4、冰与水混合温度记录混合前i12345678ti (min)11112Ti (C)34.2034.1234.1034.0534.0033.9533.9033.85i910111213141516ti (min)22233334Ti (C)33.8033.7533.7033.6533.6033.5533.5033.45混合中i17181920212223242526ti (min)4445555666Ti (C)28.0023.8021.7020.8020.2020.0620.0

33、320.0120.0019.99混合后i2728293031323334ti (min)67777888Ti (C)20.0220.1020.1320.1420.1520.2020.2120.22i3536373839424142ti (min)89999101010Ti (C)20.2420.2720.3020.3020.3220.3520.4020.40实验十七、霍耳效应1、仪器铭牌记录：KHO = 2.7 mV/mAkG IM = 0.6 mA IS = 6 mA B = 173 mT b = 0.28 mm2、霍耳片对应U I 值IM (A)量次数IS（mA）U1 (mV)U2 (mV

34、)U3 (mV)U4 (mV)+IM，+IS+IM，ISIM，ISIM，IS0.60012.008.78.79.09.024.0017.517.518.118.136.0026.227.227.127.148.0035.035.036.236.23、电磁铁气隙间沿水平方向的磁场分布量次数X（mm）U1 (mV)U2 (mV)U3 (mV)U4 (mV)+IM，+IS+IM，ISIM，ISIM，IS10.02.72.83.13.125.02.72.83.13.1310.02.72.83.13.1411.02.72.83.13.1512.02.72.83.13.1613.02.72.83.13.1

35、714.02.72.83.03.1815.02.62.72.93.0916.02.32.42.62.71016.22.22.32.62.61116.42.12.22.52.51216.62.12.12.42.41316.82.02.02.32.41417.01.92.02.22.31517.31.81.92.12.21617.61.71.72.02.11718.01.51.61.81.91818.51.41.41.71.81919.01.21.31.61.62020.01.01.11.01.4实验十八、惠斯通电桥电阻箱：R2( 0.1级) R3( 0.1级) R4( 0.4级)1、电阻测量数据

36、R2()100.0200.0300.0150.0250.0R3()1000.02000.03000.01500.02500.0R4()1142.61170.11180.31160.01173.0当R2 = 250，R3 = 2500时检流计向左偏离零刻度5格时，R4 = 1100.0；检流计向右偏离零刻度5格时，R4 = 1254.0R2()100.0200.0300.0150.0250.0R3()1000.02000.03000.01500.02500.0R4()1194.01196.01196.21196.01196.6当R2 = 2500，R3 = 250时检流计向左偏离零刻度5格时，R

37、4 = 1126.1；检流计向右偏离零刻度5格时，R4 = 1276.32、RG 和RE 最小时Rx = 1k，取R2 = R3 = 1000.0时，R4 = 991.0检流计向左偏离零刻度5格时，R4 = 953.0；检流计向右偏离零刻度5格时，R4 = 1030.9 RG 和RE 最大时Rx = 1k，取R2 = R3 = 1000.0时，R4 = 991.0检流计向左偏离零刻度5格时，R4 = 932.8；检流计向右偏离零刻度5格时，R4 = 1053.1Rx = 50.0，且RE 和RE最小时，取R2 = R3 = 50.0时，R4 = 51.3检流计向左偏离零刻度5格时，R4 = 4

38、8.5；检流计向右偏离零刻度5格时，R4 = 54.1RE 、RE对调后，且RE 和RE最小Rx = 1000，取R2 = R3 = 1000.0时，R4 = 992.2检流计向左偏离零刻度5格时，R4 = 955.1；检流计向右偏离零刻度5格时，R4 = 1032.4实验十九、磁场的描绘1、磁场大小数据 线圈半径的平均值R = 10.0cm次序1234567891011X(cm)01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.010.0U(mV)17.117.016.115.113.912.911.410.18.87.66.8次序12131415161718192021X(cm)-1.

39、0-2.0-3.0-4.0-5.0-6.0-7.0-8.0-9.0-10.0U(mV)17.016.215.213.812.311.210.08.97.87.02、叠加原理数据X / cmY / cmUA / mVA / ( )UB / mVB / ( )UA+B / mVA+B / ( )2.0012.81.18.41.220.41.10-4.011.017.811.217.920.00-2.0-3.08.010.513.910.520.40实验二十、伏安法测电阻1、电压表：200 / V电流表量程：30mA 75mA 300mA内阻：1.3 0.6 1.0电压表分度值：0.01V电流表分度

40、值：2mA 内接法I（mA）200.0211.0221.0230.0240.0250.0U（V）1.0001.0551.1001.1501.2001.245外接法I（mA）200.0211.0221.0230.0240.0250.0U（V）1.2001.2751.3451.3901.4451.500补偿法I（mA）200.0211.0221.0230.0240.0250.0U（V）1.0501.1001.1501.2101.2551.3102、R2 1000，P = 1WR2允许通过的最大电流I2m = 100mA电流表所选量程75mA，电压表7.5V电压表分度值：0.5mA 电流表分度值：0

41、.05V内接法I(mA)50.0052.5055.0057.5060.0062.5065.0067.5070.5072.5075.00U(V)4.6504.8005.1005.3505.6005.8006.0006.2506.4756.7006.925外接法I(mA)50.0052.5055.0057.5060.0062.5065.0067.5070.5072.5075.00U(V)5.2505.4755.7005.9606.2256.4506.5506.7006.9507.0257.450补偿法I(mA)50.0052.5055.0057.5060.0062.5065.0067.5070.5072.5075.00U(V)5.0005.2505.5005.7506.0006.2506.5006.7507.0507.2507.500实验二十一、LRC电路谐振特性的研究1、LRC串联的幅频特性电压谐振法R（）U（V）UL（V）UC（V）29.863.0042.242.2218.443.0014.615.0 频带宽度法表一 L = 100mH c = 0.05uF R = 29.86