《跨文化交际》课件-Chapter3（最终版）

跨文化交际与礼仪InterculturalCommunicationandEtiquette

Chapter3VerbalCommunicationCONTENTSWarm-upActivitiesImportantCulturalPointsExercisesRelatedCulturalResourcesWarm-upActivitiesPart1Warm-upActivitiesVideoWatchingandDiscussionVideoClip1:WatchingaVideoClipandhaveadiscussionaboutthefollowingquestions:51.Wasthemothersatisfiedwiththeboyfriend?2.What'swrongwiththeboyfriend'stablemanners?CulturalPointsLearningPart2Part2CulturalPointsLearningLearnhowtomakeaconversationLearnhowtobeavisitor/hostProperwaytoshowgratitudeandapologyLearnhowtoaddresspeopleLearnthedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishcompliments8

3.1Introduction---VerbalCommunication

DefinitionofVCVCtakesplacewhen

VCtakesplacewhen

VCreferstothecommunicationthatiscarriedouteitherinoralorinwrittenformwiththeuseofwords.universitystudentsarecomposinganarticle,finishingaprofessor’sassignmentoncampus,theemployeesarewritingareportttotheirmanagersinacompanybyemail.peoplearechattingwiththeirfriends,discussinganissueinagroup,ormakingapublicspeech.

VCtakesplacewhen

9Howtoaddresspeople?1.PersonalPronouns2.PersonalNames3.PopularAddressTerms4.RelationAddressTerms5.PostandRankAddressTerms6.HonorificAddressTerms7.KinshipTerms3.2FormsofAddresspersonalpronounsChinesetwoforms:你、您personalpronounsareseldomusedingreetingsthefirstpersonpronounisseldomusedinChineseEnglishoneform：youpersonalpronounsaremorewidelyusedingreetingsWhileinEnglishthefirstpronounismoreoftenused3.2FormsofAddressNames:asurname(familyname)/agivennameHeXianguAndrewLewis

surnamegivennamesurnamegivennameprimitivesocietyXia/ShangDynastyGivennamescameintobeingbeforesurnames.collectivismindividualism3.2FormsofAddresspersonalnames12SummaryofaddressingpeopleChineseEnglishFormalRelationship/SituationSurname+TitleTitle+SurnameNeutralRelationship/SituationSurname+TitleTitle+SurnameGivenNameCloseRelationship/InformalSituationGivenNameGivenName3.2FormsofAddress13Tips:英语里“副”的表达

3.2FormsofAddress

学术头衔的“副”职称，常用associate表示。如：副教授

associateprofessor

副研究员associateresearchfellow

副审判长associatejudge

副主任医师

associatedoctor行政头衔以“副”字的表示副职的行政职务头衔，可用vice、deputy表达。在实际使用时究竟选用哪个，纯属搭配习惯。一般来说，Vice比Deputy的搭配级别要高。如：Vicepresident/premier/chairman/minister/governor搭配；Deputydirector/chief/head/secretary/dean/mayor搭配。学术头衔

PopularAddressTermsChinese同志师傅老师先生女士小姐美女帅哥EnglishMadamMiss/Ms./Mrs.Mr.Sir3.2FormsofAddressRelationAddressTermsChinese同学师傅老师老板老乡医生EnglishDoctorFatherBossNote:Relationtermsdoesnotnecessarilyreflecttherealrelationship:老师inJinan,Shandong3.2FormsofAddressPostandRankAddressTermsChinese：popularprofessionrespected老师、医生、工程师......titles,includingofficialtitles:主席、书记、总理、部长......Academictitles:教授、院士militarytitles:队长English：FewerProfession:Doctor,Father,BosswithoutLNOfficialtitleswithpopularaddressterm:Mr./Mrs./Ms.+officialtitle:Mr.President,Mrs.Ambassador...Militarytitleswithpopularaddressterm:Mr.Captain,Mr.ColonelAcademictitleswithLN:Dr./ProfessorSmith3.2FormsofAddressHonorificAddressTermsChinese:alargevocabulary先生、同志、老、公+SN/FN杨绛先生、雷锋同志、钱老、周公解梦老师、太太、夫人English：FewerSir，Lady，Madam，Lord+FNorusedaloneindicatingseniorityandhighsocialstatus3.2FormsofAddressKinshipTerms:forbloodrelationsandaffinitiesChinese：4groupsandfictivekinship4groups:paternalgroupmaternalgroupwife'slineaffinalgroupfictivekinshipshortenthepsychologicdistancemakeeachotherfeelesteemedandfriendlyEnglish：nofictivekinshipaddresssistersandbrothersinreligionCallparents'freinds“Auntoruncle“,onlyapplicabletoChildren3.2FormsofAddress3.2FormsofAddress中国亲缘关系及称呼图谱3.3

InitiatingConversationsandConversationTopicTheproblemoftenliesin:ThepredictabilityofthequestionsWhereareyoufrom?/AreyoufromAmerica?HowcanIimprovemyEnglish?Theinvasionofone’sprivacyHowoldareyou?Areyoumarried?/Whereisyourhusbandorwife?Howmuchdoyouearn?Littleattentionpaidtotheanswersalreadygiven20

InitiatingConversationsandConversationTopicYESNOHobbiesHolidaysTheweatherAlocalornationaleventJobsFilms/booksAgeMoney/SalaryHealthFamily3.3

InitiatingConversationsandConversationTopic3.4

Greeting,VisitingandPartingGreeting,VisitingandPartingGoodmorning/afternoon/evening.Howareyou?Howarethingsgoing?Howareyougettingon?Howarethings(withyou)?How’severything?How’slife?Hello.Hey./Hi.GreetingWhereareyougoing?

你上哪去？Wherehaveyoubeen?你去哪里啦？Haveyouhadyourmeal?

吃过了吗？ChineseexpressionsIt’snoneofyourbusiness.Westernexpressions3.4.1

Greeting3.4.2Invitation（ChinaV.S.TheWest）DifferencesInthewestInChinaInvitationExpectationsboththehusbandandwifeonlythehusbandorwifeDeclininganInvitationNodetailedexplanationsMoredetailedexplanationTraditionsforMealsProperquantityLargequantityDiningOutHabitssharethecostofthemealequallyamongthem,togoDutch,orsplitthebilltheonewhoinviteseveryoneshouldpayforthemealGenuineV.S.falseinvitation“Let’sgettogethersoon!”It’sgoodseeingyou.IwillinviteyoutotealaterToconvincetheinviterthatthereisreallysth.ImportanttobedoneI’msorry,Ican’tgetaway.Iamtiedupthewholeweek.I’malreadybusythatnight.WhichOneisGenuineinvitation?Why？Lily:It'snicetalkingtoyou,butIahvetogorightnow.Peter:Ok,Perhapswecanmeetsometimesoon.Lily:Thatsoundsgood.Whynotdropinsometime?Peter：Great.Seeyoulater.Lily:YouaremovingtoShanghainextmonth?Shallwehaveafamilyget-togetherforadinner?Peter:Yeah.Soniceofyou.We'dloveto.Lily:Whatabout6pmthisSaturdayatmyhome?Peter：OK.Seeyouthen.263.4.3

Parting

WhatarethedifferencesinpartingbetweenChineseandEnglishcultures?3.4.3PartingQuestionPartingWesterners:Acoupleofminutes’smalltalkWell,it’sbeenlovelytoseeyouagain,butImustbegoingsoon.Ihopewe’llbeabletogettogetheragainbeforelong…Thankyouforalovelyevening.Imustnotholdyouanylonger.Seetheguesttothedoorandsay“Thankyouforcoming.”Chinese:abruptleave-takingI’mleavingnow.Foranimportantguest,seehim/hertothebuildinggate,oreventothebusstopandsay“请慢走”，“请走好”,“不远送了”，“有空再来”.Sometimesnotgobackuntiltheguestsisoutofsight3.4.3Parting3.5

GratitudeandApologyGratitudeWesterners:generouswiththeirthanks,toalotofpeople,includeintimatepeople,forthefavortheygetwhetherit'ssignificantornotChinese:notasgenerousaswesternerswiththeirthanks,tonottoomanypeople,especiallynottointimatepeopleGratitudeChinese:seldomValueCollectivismIntegrateselfintoagrouporcommunity.gratitudeandapologybetweenintimatepeoplewillmakebothpartiesfeelshyandmaycauseestrangementWesterners:ubiquitousValueindividualism3.5

GratitudeandApologyThanks.Manythanks.Thankyouverymuch.Thankyouverymuchindeed.Ireallydon’tknowhowtothankyouenough.Thedegreeofgratitudeincrease3.5GratitudeandApologyApology:1Areasandfrequencyfortheuseofapology2EnglishandChineseexpressionsofapology3Formulaicresponsestoapology3.5

GratitudeandApology3.5

GratitudeandApologyComparatively,WesternpeoplemakemoreapologiesthanChinesepeopledo.Theywillapologizewhenevertheythinktheymayinvadeothers’privacy.Theypaylessattentiontopowerorrankdistinction.Theymayapologizebothtopeoplewithlesspowerandcloserelationship.Thereforeitisnotunusualtoheareldergenerationsapologizetoyoungergenerations,orasuperiortoaninferior.Evenifthetroubleisnotsoseriousatall,theywillapologize,forexample,theymayapologizeiftheycoughorsneezebysaying:“Excuseme.”AreasandfrequencyfortheuseofapologyEnglishandChineseexpressionsofapologyEnglishExcuseme.I'msorry./Sorryaboutthat.I'mvery/so/terribly/awfully/extremelysorryforthat.Ican'ttellyouhowsorryIam.Ibegyourpardon(for…)./Pardonme./Athousandpardonsfor...Pleaseforgiveme(for...).Iapologize.Imustapologizeformyrudeness/fault/mistake,etc.Imustbegtoapologize/makeanapologyfor...Maylofferyoumyprofoundestapologies?MayIofferyoumysincerestapologiesforthewrongsI'vedonetoyou.Chinese对不起。不好意思。请原谅／谅解（我的过失／鲁莽／错误／粗心）我道歉。难以表达内心的抱歉。向你表达／致以深深的歉意。为我的过失／鲁莽／错误／粗心表示最真诚的歉意！FormulaicResponsestoapologiesEnglishItdoesn'tmatteratall.Nevermind(aboutthat).Noharmdone.Noproblem.Forgetit．Pleasedon'tworry.That'squiteallright.Iquiteunderstand.It'snotyourfault.It'snothing.Thereisnoreasontoapologize.It'sreallynotnecessary.Chinese没关系。不要紧。没事。我理解。不是你的过错。不用道歉／自责。3.5

GratitudeandApologyComparetheChineseexpression“没关系”andEnglishexpression“Nevermind”and“Itdoesn'tmatter?-----TheChineseexpression“没关系”or“不要紧”couldberesponsetobothgratitudeandapologyinChinese.However,theycouldnotbetranslatedinto“Itdoesn’tmatter”or“Nevermind”whichareconsideredtheresponsesonlytoapologyinEnglish.3.6

ComplimentsandComplimentResponsesComplimentandcomplimentresponsesB.SocialfunctionsofcomplimentsC.DifferencesbetweenChinesecomplimentsandEnglishcompliments(semanticformulaandsyntacticformula)373.6.1Socialfunctionsofcompliments1.Tocreateorreinforcesolidarity2.Togreetpeople3.Toexpressthanksorcongratulations4.Toencourage5.Tosoftencriticism6.Tostartaconversation7.Toovercomeembarrassment3.6.2ThedifferencesofcomplimentbetweenChineseandEnglishThedifferencesofcomplimentbetweenChineseandEnglishInChinaInthewestTopicinnerbeautyoutcomesTargetPeopleofhigherstatusbidirectionalPersonalPronoun2ndpersonpronoun.1stpersonpronounSemanticFormulapositivewordsexpressingcomplimentsaremainlyadjectives,adverbsandverbs.ahighlyrestrictedsetofadjectivesandverbsSyntacticFormula9categories39TheSemanticFormulaThiswasagreatmeal.Youlooksonicetoday.Youdidagoodjob.Ilikeyourhaircut.Iloveyourglasses.IreallyenjoyedyourclassYourskirtisverypretty.Thisroomisreallygood.You’rereallyanexperiencedteacher.Youdidthejobverywell.Youtreatpeoplesincerely.Iespeciallylikethecolorofyourblouse.Youdeservebeingpraised.Englishcompliments:AdjectivesVerbsChinesecompliments:AdjectivesAdverbVerbs3.6.2ThedifferencesofcomplimentbetweenChineseandEnglish

ItiscommonforamantoinformallygiveawomancomplimentsonherlooksorclothingItistakenasakindofflirtationifamancomplimentsawomanChinesepeoplecomplimenteachothermuchlessfrequentlythanwesternersdo.Chinesepeopletrytodrawalinebetweencomplimentandflattery.Chinesepeopleinterpretother’spositivecomplimentsasarequestforpossessingsomething.Attention:41ResponseFormulasofEandCcomplimentsAmericanEnglishA:Thisisreallyanicesweater.

B:I’mgladyoulikeit.A:Youdidagoodjob.

B:Thankyou/Thanks.Chinese:A:Yoursweaterisverygood.

B:Iboughtitonlyfortenyuan.A:Youdidthejobverywell.

B:That’stheresultofjointefforts./There’sstillmuchroomforimprovement.3.742

VisitingandDining3.7.1Visiting43Businessvisiting:

arrangethetimeinadvancecomestraighttothepointSocialvisiting:(moreflexible)I’mcomingtoseeyouthisafternoon.(*Implication:“YoumuststayathomethisafternoonbecauseI’mcomingtoseeyou.”)CanIcomeandseeyouthisafternoon?VisitingandDiningVisiting1.differentwaystorequestforavisitingInwestern:questionInChina:statement2.AbigmealV.S.SmallMealDiningWhopays45

Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.IwaswonderingwhetherIcouldcomeroundtovisityousometime.I’dliketocomeandseeyousometime.Wouldyoubefreeoneafternoonnextweek?Mr.ZhangandIwouldliketocomeandvisityou.WoulditbeconvenientforustocomeWednesdayevening?Somesuitableexpressions:46AdvancenoticeTakeofftheout-doorclothingimmediately,ifnot,theywouldconsideryoustayonlyafewminutes.Guests:takingoffthecoat,beaskedtositdownthehost:mayoffersomethingtodrinkliketeaorcoffeeThingstobeminded(Aboutvisiting)IntheWestNotdrinkteaorcoffee,notgiveanyDrinkteaorcoffee,drinkitall;finishit,offeragainInChinaThehost(foreigner):offeracupofteaTheChinese:refuseoutofpolitenessandwantthehosttooffermoretimesThehost:notmakemoreofferTheChinese:notsohospitable;acceptthecup,nottodrinkitallThehost:feeloffended47Thingstobeminded(Aboutdrink)Ifguestsareinvitedforameal…Chinese:prepareaverylargenumberofdishesWesterns:tendtorelatethemealsizemoreaccuratelytothepeople’sappetitesChinese:constantlyputthebestpiecesoffoodonthevisitor’splateWesterns:leavetheguesttohelphimself/herselfanddonotkeepurginghim/hertoeatmoreInChina:acceptabletoleaveunwantedfoodontheplateIntheWest:impolite48Thingstobeminded(AboutFood-offeringdifferences)3.7.2Dining

1Differenttraditionsformeals2Differentdiningouthabits3.7.2Dining(DifferentTraditionsforMeals)3.7.2Dining(DifferentTraditionsforMeals)3.7.2Dining(DifferentDiningoutHabits)Whowillpayforthebill?Sharethecostofthemeal/splitthebill;Wheninapub,usually,eachpersoninthegroupwilltaketurnsbuyingaround.In

thewest:Theinviterwillpayforthebill;Whennobodyactsasthehost,everyonemayfightoverpayingforthebill.InChinaPayingforone’sownsharemeansequalitybetweenfriends.Onlypayingforone’sownsharemightberegardedasbeingmean,miserlyorselfish.ExercisesPart3Part3ExercisesII.ComprehensionCheck_________1.WecanaddressEricSmith，whoisateacher,asTeacherSmith．________2.ChinesehospitalitytowardtheWesternersisalwaysgreatlyappreciated．________3.”Thankyouforcoming!”isatypicalexpressionusedbyWesternhostswhentheguestsjustarrived．________4.AdjectivesandverbsareoftenusedtoconveycomplimentmessageinEnglish,whileadjectives,adverbsandverbsareoftenusedinChinese.______5.ComplimentsonothersbelongingsaresometimesanindirectwayofrequestinAmericanculture.II.ComprehensionCheckDecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).FTFFFPart3ExercisesII.ComprehensionCheck_________6.ChinesepeoplegivemorecomplimentsindailylifethanAmericans.._________7.Americanstendtobeself-effacingintheircomplimentresponses._________8.Don’ttakeoffence--gettingtheformofaddress“wrong”israrelyintendedtobeoffensive._________9.Allculturesrequireandvaluepoliteness,butthewaysinwhichpolitenessisachievedmayvarysignificantly.________10.SometimestheChinesewayofshowingmodestymaybeconsideredasfishingforcompliments..FTTFTPart3ExercisesIII.VocabularyIII.VocabularyCompletethefollowingsentenceswiththewordsgivenbelowandeachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.disgustmistrustbeckonverbaleffacecomplimentaddressabruptelicittoken1Heshowedhis

forthemoviebyleavinginthemiddle.2.Sheshowedher

ofdoctorsbyignoringherphysician'sadvice.3Thisdistantlandofdeepspirituality,legendaryart,architecture,anddramaticscenery

theexplorer.4.Boyslearntouselanguagetopreserveindependenceandnegotiatetheirstatus,tryingtoholdcenterstage,challengingandresistingchallenges,displayingknowledgeand

skill.5.Shirleydidherbestto

herselfatparties.disgust

mistrustbeckon

verbaleffacePart3KeystoExercisesIII.Vocabulary6.They

meonthewayIlookedeachtimetheysawme.7.Thejudgeshouldbe

as“YourHonor”.8.Rosie'sidyllicworldcametoan

endwhenherparents'marriagebrokeup.9.Hertears

greatsympathyfromheraudience.10.Pleaseacceptthissmallgiftasa

ofourgratitude.complimentedaddressedabruptelicittoken1.恭敬不如从命。2.百闻不如一见3.来而不往非礼也

4.有朋自远方来不亦乐乎IV.TranslationTranslatethefollowingChinesephrasesintoEnglishandviceversa1.Obedienceisbetterthanpoliteness2.Seeingisbelieving.3.Courtesyononesideonlylastsnotlong4.Isitdelightfultohavefriendscomingfromafar?Part3ExercisesIV.TranslationPart3ExercisesIV.Translation5.Amissisasgoodasamile.6.Aleopardcannotchangeitsspots.7.Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.8.Nodiscord,noconcord失之毫厘谬以千里积习难改一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。8.不打不成交Part3ExercisesV.Activities1.Supposeyouarepreparingforpost-graduationexamination.AteacherofyoursisintroducingyoutotheDirectorofUniversityAdmissions.Initiatetheconversationandaskforinformationabouttherequirements.2.AccordingtotheModestyMaximproposedbyLeech,peopleshouldminimizepraiseofselfandmaximizedispraiseofselfwhenaddressingothers.ChineseregardmodestyasoneofthemostimportantvirtuesthereforetherearegreatnumbersofmodestandhonorificaddressformsinChinesewhichareusedwidelybypeople.Pleasegotolibraryorsurftheinternettocollectasmuchinformationaspossibletofillinthetable.Examplesaregiventoyou.称呼对象自称谦称他称敬称中性（平等关系）自己/他人余、吾、自、己、本人、鄙人、愚、您、阁下你、名字

Part3ExercisesV.Activities3.Pleasegotolibraryorbeonlinetoworkonthedifferencesbetween“gift-giving”and“gift-accepting”inWesterncountries.MakeaPowerPointpresentation.Part3ExercisesVI.CaseAnalysisABritishtouristisvisitingaChinesefamily.TheChinesehostess,CaiHong,introducesherhusbandtotheguest:Chinesehostess:Welcometomyhome.Andthisismyhusband.Britishtourist:Thankyou.It’sapleasuretomeetyou,Mr.Cai.I’mLucyTaylor.Chinesehost:Haveaseat,MadamLucy.Case1:Isthereanyaddressingmistakeinthiscase?Question:Part3ExercisesVI.CaseAnalysis

ThisisatypicalmisunderstandingofdifferentwaystoaddresspeopleinChinesecultureandBritishculture.TheBritishtouristthinksthatCaiHong’ssurnameisherhusband’ssurname,sincesheisunawareofthefactthatinChinawomenstillusetheirownsurnameaftermarriage.CaiHong’shusbandthinksthat“madam”isarespectfultermofaddressforanyfemaleEnglish,unawareofthefactthatinBritainitisusuallyusedbysomeonewhoisprovidingaservicesuchasashopassistanttoacustomerorapolicemantoamemberofthepublicasin“CanIhelpyou,madam?”Itisneverusedasatitlebeforesomeone’sname.Healsomistakesthegivennameforthesurname.Itisadvisableforthemtogettoknowthedifferenceofthewaystoaddressingindifferentcultures.Part3ExercisesVI.CaseAnalysisOnaparty,aChineseshowedaphotoofhiswifetosomeAmericanvisitors.Outofcourtesy,theyallsaid:“Howbeautifulsheis!”Alsooutofpoliteness,themanrepliedwithwhathewouldhavedoneinChineseunderthiscircumstance,“Where!Where!”Quitetakenaback,nobodysaidanythingforamomentuntilthemostingeniousoneamongthevisitorstakinganotherlookatthephoto,said,“Oh,everywhere!”Case2:QuestionsWhatdidtheChineseintendtomeanbyreplyingwith“Where!Where!”?HowdidtheAmericansunderstandthereply?WhatwouldaWesternersaytorespondtoasimilarcompliment?

Part3ExercisesV.CaseAnalysisThisisatypicalmisunderstandingaboutdifferentcomplimentandcomplimentresponseinChineseandAmericanculture.InChineseculturebeingmodestishighlyvaluedandChinesepeopletendtoeffacethemselvesinwordsalthoughtheydofeelcomfortableaboutthecompliment.Inaddition,itisatabooinChinatopraiseafriend’swifewhileitissomekindofsocialpolitenessinAmericanculture.SowhentheAmericanvisitorcomplimentedthattheChinesefriend’swifewasbeautiful,outofcourtesy,theChinesereplied“Where,where”,whichmeans“youaresokindtosayso,"inEnglish.WhileAmericanstendtoacceptthecomplimentsandcouldn’tunderstandChinesemodesty,sohefeltconfusedandmisunderstoodtheChineseaskedhimtopointoutwherethebeautywereandanswered"everywhere”.TheWesternwouldacceptthecomplimentbysaying“Thankyou.Itisverykindofyoutosayso.”Or“Yes,sheis.”Analysis:Part3ExercisesⅦ.VideoWatching《孙子从美国来》RelatedResourcesPart4Howtorespondto“Howareyou?”“买单”inEnglishHowtorespondto“Howareyou?”Basically,