车辆制动装置VehicleBrakingDevice83课

车辆制动装置VehicleBrakingDevice任务六120型控制阀TYPE104DISTRIBUTIONVALVEZHENGZHOURAILWAYVOCATIONAL&TECHNICALCOLLEGE主讲人李西安SpeakerLiXi’an120型空气控制阀的作用原理Type120AirControlValvePrincipleofOperation三120型控制阀具有充气缓解位、减速充气缓解位、常用制动位、保压位和紧急制动位等五个作用位置。现按列车运行过程中操纵制动机的通常作业顺序来叙述120型控制阀的各个作用位置的通路及主要性能要求。The120typecontrolvalvehasfiveoperatingpositions,suchasinflationreliefposition,decelerationinflationreliefposition,commonbrakeposition,pressureholdingpositionandemergencybrakeposition.Thepathandmainperformancerequirementsofeachactionpositionof120typecontrolvalvearedescribedinthispaperaccordingtothenormaloperationsequenceofcontrolbrakeduringtrainoperation.（一）充气缓解位Inflatablereliefposition当制动管充气时，压缩空气进入中间体，一路经滤尘器、主阀安装面l孔进入主阀，另一路经紧急阀安装面l'孔、滤尘网进入紧急阀。Whenthebraketubeisinflated,thecompressedairenterstheintermediate,andentersthemainvalvethroughthedustfilterandthelholeofthemainvalvemountingsurface,andenterstheemergencyvalvethroughthel'holeoftheemergencyvalvemountingsurfaceandthedustfilterscreenontheotherway.进入主阀的制动管压缩空气经主阀体内通路分别到达主活塞上腔L9。紧急二段阀上腔l10、滑阀座下方及加速缓解阀夹心阀座右侧空腔L11。ThecompressedairofthebraketubeenteringthemainvalvereachestheupperchamberL9ofthemainpistonrespectivelythroughtheinternalchannelofthemainvalvebody.Upperchamberl10ofemergencysecondstagevalve,lowerslidevalveseatandrightchamberL11ofaccelerationreliefvalvesandwichseat.充气缓解位发生于长大列车后部车辆制动机所处位置。Theinflatablereliefpositionoccursatthepositionofthebrakeattherearofthelongtrain.120型空气控制阀的作用原理Type120AirControlValvePrincipleofOperation三120型空气控制阀的作用原理Type120AirControlValvePrincipleofOperation三制动管增压，主活塞上腔L9压力上升，当主活塞两侧的压力差与主活塞重力之和克服了滑阀与滑阀座间的摩擦阻力时，主活塞带动节制阀、滑阀下移。Whenthepressuredifferenceonbothsidesofthemainpistonandthesumofthegravityofthemainpistonovercomethefrictionresistancebetweentheslidevalveandtheslidevalveseat,themainpistondrivesthecontrolvalveandtheslidevalvedown.由于列车后部制动管增压速度慢，主活塞两侧形成的压力差小，滑阀被推到其下端面接触到减速弹簧套，而不能压缩减速弹簧，这时，主活塞连同节制阀、滑阀处于充气缓解位。Duetotheslowpressurizationspeedofthebraketubeattherearofthetrain,thepressuredifferenceformedonbothsidesofthemainpistonissmall,andtheslidevalveispushedtoitslowerendfacetocontactthedecelerationspringsleeve,butcannotcompressthedecelerationspring,atthistime,themainpistontogetherwiththecontrolvalveandtheslidevalveareintheinflatablereliefposition.节制阀开放了滑阀背面的f1孔、f2孔，滑阀连通了滑阀底面上的l4孔与滑阀座上的l1孔、滑阀底面上的f2孔与滑阀座上的h1孔、滑阀底面上的l2孔与滑阀座上的l2孔、滑阀底面上的jul孔与滑阀座上的ju2孔、滑阀底面上的z2槽连通了滑阀座上的z1孔与滑阀座上的z3孔。Thecontrolvalveopensthef1andf2holesonthebackoftheslidevalve.Theslidevalveconnectsthel4holeonthebottomoftheslidevalvewiththel1holeontheslidevalveseat,thef2holeonthebottomoftheslidevalvewiththeh1holeontheslidevalveseat,thel2holeonthebottomoftheslidevalvewiththel2holeontheslidevalveseat,thejulholeonthebottomoftheslidevalvewiththeju2holeontheslidevalveseat,thez2slotonthebottomoftheslidevalvewiththez1holeontheslidevalveseatwiththez3holeontheslidevalveseat.制动管压缩空气经过下列通路分别充入副风缸、加速缓解风缸、紧急室等，使各风缸、室及空腔充到定压。制动缸排气（缓解），制动机处于缓解状态。加速缓解阀动作，制动管局部增压。Thecompressedairofthebraketubeisinflatedintotheauxiliaryaircylinder,theacceleratedreliefaircylinder,theemergencyroom,etc.,throughthefollowingchannels,sothattheaircylinder,thechamberandthecavityarechargedtotheconstantpressure.Brakecylinderexhaust(relief),brakeinrelief.Acceleratethereleasevalveaction,braketubeinlocalpressurization.120型空气控制阀的作用原理Type120AirControlValvePrincipleofOperation三120型空气控制阀的作用原理Type120AirControlValvePrincipleofOperation三滑阀室F1的副风缸压力空气→f2孔→加速缓解风缸h1孔→主阀体内的通路→主阀安装面h孔→中间体内通路→加速缓解风缸。由于副风缸压力空气来自制动管，所以充人加速缓解阀风缸的压力空气实际上也来自制动管。在向加速缓解风缸充气的同时，也经通路h2去加速缓解阀处，顶开止回阀，经通路h3充人加速缓解阀弹簧室H3；另一路经通路h4充人缓解阀的止回阀上腔H4。Auxiliarycylinderpressureair→f2hole→Acceleratedreliefcylinderh1hole→Pathinmainvalvebody→MainvalvemountingsurfaceH-hole→Intermediatebodypath→Acceleratereliefcylinder.Sincethepressureairoftheauxiliaryaircylindercomesfromthebraketube,thepressureairofthevalveaircylinderisactuallyfromthebraketube.Atthesametimeofinflatingtotheacceleratingreliefcylinder,theaccelerationreliefvalveisalsoreachedthroughthechannelh2,thecheckvalveispushedopen,andtheaccelerationreliefvalvespringchamberh3isfilledthroughthechannelH3.Theotherwayisthroughthechannelh4tofilltheupperchamberofthecheckvalveH4.充气缓解初始，加速缓解风缸压力大于副风缸、制动管压力，加速缓解风缸经加速缓解阀对制动管施行局部增压。当制动管压力高于加速缓解风缸压力时，制动管经滑阀室F1（副风缸）向加速缓解风缸充气。Attheinitialstageofinflationrelief,thepressureoftheacceleratedreliefcylinderisgreaterthanthepressureoftheauxiliaryaircylinderandthebraketube.Theacceleratedreliefcylinderapplieslocalpressurizationtothebraketubethroughtheaccelerationreliefvalve.Whenthebraketubepressureishigherthantheaccelerationreliefcylinderpressure,thebraketubeischargedtotheaccelerationreliefcylinderthroughtheslidevalvechamberF1(auxiliaryaircylinder).制动管压缩空气→主阀→紧急二段阀上腔L10→缩孔堵→滑阀座L1孔→l4孔→f1孔→滑阀室F1→副风缸。在向副风缸充气的同时，也经通路f6充入缓解阀手柄部的副风缸止回阀上腔F6。Braketubecompressedair→Mainvalve→EmergencysecondstagevalveupperchamberL10→Shrinkageholeplugⅷ(fittedwiththe120valvewith254mmdiameterbrakecylinder,borediameter1.8mm)→slidevalveseatL1→l4→F1→slidevalvechamberF1→auxiliaryaircylinder.Whilechargingtheauxiliarycylinder,theupperchamberf6oftheauxiliarycylindercheckvalveatthehandlepartofthereliefvalveisalsochargedthroughthechannelF6.1.副风缸充气Inflatetheauxiliaryaircylinder2.加速缓解风缸充气Acceleratethereleaseofaircylinderinflation4.放风阀弹簧室充气Inflatetheventvalvespringchamber120型空气控制阀的作用原理Type120AirControlValvePrincipleofOperation三制动管压缩空气→紧急阀安装面l'孔→滤尘网→紧急活塞下腔L12→紧急活塞杆下端面孔口→轴向中心孔的限孔Ⅲ_→紧急活塞杆上部径向孔Ⅳ→紧急活塞上腔Jl→紧急阀盖及紧急阀体内通路j1→紧急阀安装面j’→紧急室。Braketubecompressedair→Emergencyvalvemountingsurfacel'hole→Dustfilterscreen→EmergencypistonlowerchamberL12→Emergencypistonrodendfacehole→AxialcenterholeⅢ_→EmergencypistonrodupperradialholeⅣ→EmergencypistonupperchamberJl→Emergencyvalvecoverandemergencyvalvebodyaccessj1→Emergencyvalvemountingsurfacej'→Emergencychamber.3.紧急室充气

Inflatetheemergencyroom制动管压缩空气→紧急活塞下腔L12→缩孔堵Ⅵ→放风阀盖内的通路l13→放风阀杆下侧，也即放风阀弹簧室及先导阀弹簧室L13，形成放风阀的背压，以抵消作用在放风阀上侧的空气压力，并与放风阀弹簧一起使放风阀处于关闭状态，与先导阀弹簧一起使先导阀处于关闭状态。Braketubecompressedair→EmergencypistonlowerchamberL12→ShrinkageholeblockⅥ→Pathl13inventvalvecover→Lowersideofventvalvestem,namelyventvalvespringchamberandpilotvalvespringchamberL13,formthebackpressureofventvalvetooffsettheairpressureactingontheuppersideoftheventvalve,andtogetherwiththeventvalvespring,theventvalveisclosed.Keepthepilotvalveclosedwiththepilotvalvespring.76120型空气控制阀的作用原理Type120AirControlValvePrincipleofOperation三制动管压缩空气→主阀→紧急二段阀上腔L10，与紧急二段阀弹簧共同作用，使紧急二段阀杆处于下部开放位置。Thebraketubecompressedair→Mainvalve→UpperchamberL10oftheemergencysecondstagevalve,whichworkstogetherwiththeemergencysecondstagevalvespringtomaketheemergencysecondstagevalvestemintheloweropenposition.紧急二段阀上腔L10→主阀体内通路L11→加速缓解阀的L11腔。EmergencysecondstagevalveupperchamberL10→MainvalvebodyaccessL11→AcceleratedreliefvalveL11chamber.制动管压缩空气→主阀→紧急二段阀上腔L10→滑阀座上的l2孔→滑阀上的l5孔，这样，制动管压缩空气进入滑阀的l5孔，滑阀上jul孔与滑阀座上的ju2孔对准，为制动时做好局部减压作用准备。Braketubecompressedair→Mainvalve→EmergencysecondstagevalveupperchamberL10→l2holeontheslidevalveseat→l5holeontheslidevalve,sothatthecompressedairofthebraketubeentersthel5holeontheslidevalve,andthejulholeontheslidevalveseatisalignedwiththeju2holeontheslidevalveseat,preparingforlocaldecompressionduringbraking.5120型空气控制阀的作用原理Type120AirControlValvePrincipleofOperation三制动缸压缩空气→中间体内通路→主阀安装面z孔→主阀体内通路z6→紧急二段阀套外围的环形空腔Z6→紧急二段阀杆与套之间的大通路→紧急二段阀下腔Z5→主阀体和缓解阀体内的通路z5→缓解阀活塞部下阀座上方空腔Z5→开启的缓解阀上阀口→上阀座上方空腔Z1→缓解阀体和主阀体内通路Z1→滑阀座z1孔→滑阀底面z2槽→滑阀座z3孔→主阀体内通路z3→加速缓解阀加速活塞外侧Z3腔→缩孔Ⅱ→通路d1→主阀排气口D1→大气。Brakecylindercompressedair→Intermediateinternalaccess→Mainvalvemountingsurfacezhole→Accessz6inmainvalvebody→AnnularcavityZ6outsidetheemergencysecondstagevalvesleeve→Largeaccessbetweentheemergencysecondstagevalvestemandsleeve→LowerchamberZ5inemergencysecondstagevalve→Accessz5inmainvalvebodyandreliefvalvebody→SpaceZ5abovetheseatunderthereliefvalvepiston→Openreliefvalveport→EmptyabovetheupperseatChamberZ1→ReleasevalvebodyandmainvalvebodyaccessZ1→Slidevalveseatz1hole→Slidevalveseatz3hole→Mainvalvebodyaccessz3→AcceleratedreleasevalveaccelerationpistonoutsideZ3cavity→ShrinkageholeⅡ→Pathd1→MainvalveoutletD1→Atmosphere.8.制动缸缓解Brakecylinderrelief120型空气控制阀的作用原理Type120AirControlValvePrincipleofOperation三当制动缸压缩空气逐渐排人大气，加速活塞外侧Z3腔压力逐渐降低，加速缓解阀弹簧的弹力使加速缓解夹心阀关闭，加速活塞也回到原来位置；当制动管压力高于加速缓解风缸压力时，止回阀关闭，制动管经副风缸向加速缓解风缸充气，最后制动管、副风缸、加速缓解风缸都充到定压。Whenthecompressedairofthebrakecylinderisgraduallydischargedintotheatmosphere,thepressureoftheZ3chamberoutsidetheacceleratingpistonisgraduallyreduced,thespringoftheacceleratingreliefvalvemakestheacceleratingreliefvalveclose,andtheacceleratingpistonreturnstotheoriginalposition.Whenthepressureofthebraketubeishigherthanthepressureoftheacceleratingreliefaircylinder,thecheckvalveisclosed,andthebraketubeischargedtotheacceleratingreliefaircylinderthroughtheauxiliaryaircylinder.Finally,thebraketube,theauxiliaryaircylinderandtheacceleratingreliefaircylinderareinflatedtotheconstantpressure.9.加速缓解作用Acceleraterelieffunction120型空气控制阀的作用原理Type120AirControlValvePrincipleofOperation三初充气时，制动缸与大气之间的通路连通，制动缸没有压缩空气，排气口D1处无气排出，当然也无压缩空气涌到Z3腔去推动加速活塞左移，加速缓解风缸无压缩空气，列车管局部增压作用也就不存在。列车运行时，120型控制阀处于充气缓解位。Whenthebrakecylinderisinitiallyinflated,thepathbetweenthebrakecylinderandtheatmosphereisconnected,thereisnocompressedairinthebrakecy