江西省名校学术联盟2025届高三下学期模拟冲刺英语试卷（四）（含解析）

2025届江西省名校学术联盟高三下学期模拟冲刺英语试题（四）一、阅读理解（本大题共5小题）WelcomebacktoAxisBankSplash!ItisanannualnationwidecompetitiononArt,CraftandLiterature,toencourageandfostergoodwillamongthechildrenintheagegroupof7-14years.Thisyear,Splashwillfocusonthethemeof“Gratitude”,encouragingyoungparticipantstoreflectonandexpresstheimportanceofappreciationthroughtheircreativity.Webelievethatbyprovidingtheseyoungmindswiththeopportunitytoexpressthemselves,wearehelpingtoshapeabrighterfutureforusall.WelookforwardtoseeingtheamazingcreationsthatcomeoutofSplashandtocontinuingsupportingthecreativityandthepotentialofyoungminds.ThemesChoosethethemessuitingyourself.GroupThemeKids7-10TheGratefulHeartsKids11-14TheUnsungHeroesPrizesThewinnersofthecompetitionwillbeinstructedbyseveraldomainexperts.Thetop3finalistsfromeachcategorywillbeawardedprizes.Inaddition,allwinnerswillgetachancetohavetheirartworksdisplayedattheMuseumofArtandPhotography(MAP).What’smore,thetop400qualifierswillwinexcitinggiftsandelectronicgadgets(小用品)frompartners.Alongsidethecompetition,theBankwillhostengagingsessionsandfun-filledactivitiesfortheparticipantsinschools.RegistrationTheparticipantscanregisterandsubmittheirentrieswww.axisbanksplash.intill30thNovember.Don’tmissthechancetomakeahitwithyourcreativity.Wearewaitingforyourmasterpieces!Markingasignificantmilestone,thelasteditionofthecompetitionwitnessedentriesfromover680thousandparticipantsfromalloverthenation,whichhasincreasedby36%yearonyear.1．WhatisAxisBankSplash?A．Anorganization. B．Aliteratureclub.C．Anationwidecontest. D．Anartmuseum.2．Whatwillthewinnersget?A．Achancetobeexperts. B．Somepreparedprizes.C．AvisittotheMAP. D．Admissiontoschoolsforfree.3．Whatisrequiredtosubmitentries?A．Markinganimportantentry. B．Submittingtheworkbyemail.C．Registeringonthegivenwebsite. D．Lookingthroughthespecificwebsite.In2020,atage14,WilliamCabanissnoticedthatsomeofhisclassmateswereskippingmealsduetofoodinsecurity,andhewantedtodosomething.Tohelphisclassmatesandhiscommunity,hestartedmakingbottlesofhomemadevanillaextract(香草精)anddonated100%ofhisprofitstohislocalfoodbank.“Nooneshouldbehungry,”Williamsaid.“Nooneshouldhavetoworryaboutwheretheirnextmealiscomingfrom.”Williamhadbeenenjoyingbakingasahobby.Oneday,whilebakingapanofcakesandaddingvanilla,herealizedhecouldeasilyproducehisownvanillaextractratherthanpurchasingitatthesupermarket.Thenhetooktheideaastepfurtherbyplanningtosellthevanillaextractanddonateallprofitstothelocalfoodbankwherehevolunteered.Heimmediatelywenttoworkputtinghisnewplanintoaction.Heusedhisownrecipetoproduceasmanybottlesofvanillaextractaspossibleduringhisfreetime.Hethencreatedalogoanddesignedawebsitetostartthebusiness.In2020,Williaminvitedvolunteerstojoinhimonhismissiontofighthungerinhiscommunity.Theextremelypositiveresponseallowedhimtoexpandhisprogramintoanon-profitorganization,VanillaFeedsTomorrow.Thenon-profitprojectcontinuesoperationstoday,andWilliamdonatestheprofittoSecondHarvestFoodBankofEastTennessee.Each$30bottlesoldprovidesapproximately42mealstopeopleinneed,andtheorganizationhasraisedmorethan$200,000todate.“Therewasnoonebetter.TheysupportsomanycountiesacrossEastTennesseeand,withinthosecounties,there’resomanydistributionareasorfoodstorageroomsandcharities,”WilliamsaidofSecondHarvest.“Theirrangeisjusttrulyawe-inspiring.Iwantedeverypennytogoasfarasitcould.”4．Whydidsomestudentsskipmeals?A．Theywantedtoloseweight. B．Theywereparticularaboutfood.C．Theywereworriedaboutfoodsafety. D．Theydoubtedthefood’sflavorandnutrition.5．WhatinspiredWilliamtofighthungerbysellingthevanillaextract?A．Hisbakingprocess. B．Hisshoppingexperience.C．Hisrecipefromhismother. D．Hisexperienceasavolunteer.6．WhichwordcanbestdescribeWilliam?A．Intelligentandbrave. B．Generousandhelpful.C．Carefulanddetermined. D．Ambitiousandpatient.7．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．ATeenSoldHomemadeVanillaExtracttoMakeMoneyB．ATeenStartedBusinesstoRaiseFundsforLocalFoodBankC．ATeenWorkedHardtoMakeaDifferencetotheCommunityD．ATeenVolunteeredtoHelpThoseWhoSkippedMealsGloballyAnewresearchfindspeoplewhobrag(吹嘘)abouttheirstresslevelsareseenaslesscompetentandlesslikablebytheirco-workers.“Thisisabehaviorwe’veallseenandweallmightbeguiltyofatsomepoint,”saysJessicaRodell,leadauthorofthestudyinthejournalPersonnelPsychology.“WhenIwaswonderingaboutwhypeopledothis,Ithoughtmaybewearetalkingaboutourstressbecausewewanttoprovewe’regoodenough.Wefoundoutthatoftenhastheoppositeeffect.”360participantscomparedstatementsfromimaginaryco-workerswhojustreturnedfromaconference.Participantsratedtheirimaginaryco-workeronlikability,competence,andthelikelihoodtheywouldhelptheco-workeratwork.Inthesurvey,thestress-braggingcolleaguedescribedtheconferenceas“justonemorethingonmyfullplate.AndIwasalreadystressedtothemax…youhavenoideathestressthatIamunder.”Participantsratedthatpersonassignificantlylesslikableandlesscompetentthansomeonewhosaidworkhadbeenstressfulorwhojusttalkedabouthowgreattheconferencewas.Participantsalsosaidtheywouldbelesslikelytohelpthecomplainingco-workersiftheywereoverburdenedatwork.Theresearchersalsofoundemployeeswithco-workerswhobragaboutstressoftenreportedhigherlevelsofpersonalstressandburnout.“Braggingaboutstresscreatestheperceptionthathighstresslevelsareanexpectedandnormalpartoftheworkculture,”Rodellsays.“Whensomebodyisconstantlytalkingaboutandbraggingabouttheirstress,itmakesstressseemlikeagoodthing,”Rodelladds.“Itjustspillsoverontotheco-workersnexttothem.Theywindupfeelingmorestressed,whichleadstohigherburnoutorwithdrawalfromtheirwork.”“It’snotthebeingstressedpartthat’saproblem,”shesays.“Ifyoureallyfeelstressed,it’sOKtofindtherightpersontosharewithandtalkaboutit.Butbemindfulthatstressisnotanhonortobebraggedabout—thatwillhavetheoppositeeffect.”8．WhatdoesJessicaRodellmeanbysayingtheunderlinedsentence?A．Braggingaboutstresslevelsiscommon.B．Onlyafewpeoplebragabouttheirstresslevels.C．Manypeopleliketobragabouttheiraccomplishments.D．Researchersfeelguiltyabouttalkingaboutstresswithothers.9．WhymightpeopletalkabouttheirstresslevelsaccordingtoJessicaRodell?A．Tomakefriendsatwork. B．Toseekhelpfromothers.C．Toshowtheyareverybusy. D．Toprovetheyarecompetent.10．Whatdidtheparticipantscompareinthesurvey?A．Differentmethodsofstressmanagement.B．Theirownstresslevelswiththoseoftheirco-workers.C．Theproductivitylevelsbeforeandaftertheconference.D．Statementsfromimaginaryco-workersattendingtheconference.11．Howdoesone’sconstantstressbraggingaffecthisorherco-workers?A．Itmotivatesthemtoworkharder. B．Itletsthemfeelmorestressed.C．Itmakesthemfeellesscompetent. D．Itencouragesthemtoseekpromotions.Strugglingtofitworkoutsintoyourbusyweek?You’renotalone.Newresearchsuggeststhat“weekendwarriors(勇士)”whopackatleast150minutesofexerciseintooneortwodaysenjoysimilarhealthbenefitstothosewhospreadworkoutsthroughouttheweek.Anotherrecentstudyfoundthatbeingaweekendwarriorreducedtheriskofcognitiveconditionssuchasdementia,Parkinson’sdisease,stroke,anddepressivedisorders.Livingasedentary(久坐不动的)lifestyleraisesaperson’sriskofarangeofailments,includingcardiovasculardisease,Type-2diabetes,stroke,cancer,depression,andanxiety.AbouthalfofallAmericanshavechronicdiseasesthatcouldbepreventedwiththehelpofregularphysicalactivity,accordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices.Thenearly90,000peoplewhosedatatheresearchersanalyzedinthenewstudyweredividedintothreecategories:regularexerciser,weekendwarrior,andtheinactive.Comparedtothosewhodidn’texercise,regularexercisersandweekendwarriorshadalowerriskofmorethan260diseasesoversixyears.TheprotectivebenefitsforType-2diabeteswerehighest,with43percentlowerriskfortheweekendwarriorand46percentlowerriskfortheregularexerciser,respectively.“Notimetoexercise?Just5minutesstillhasabigimpact.Theresearchaddstoearlierstudiesthatshowthatanyamountofphysicalactivitycountsandallowspeoplesomeflexibility,”saysSaraK.Rosenkranz,anexercisephysiologistandassociateprofessorofkinesiologyandnutritionsciencesattheUniversityofNevadaLasVegas.“Ifyou’renotregularlygettingmoderate-to-vigorous(中度到剧烈的)physicalactivitythroughouttheweekbuthavetimetodoitontheweekend,youcandosomethingyouenjoy,likeabikerideorahike,”shesays.“Thethingtokeepinmindisthatitdoesn’ttakemuch.Evenifit’sjustafewminutesofmoderate-to-vigorousphysicalactivityhereorthere,you’regoingtogetabenefit.Workingoutevenoneortwodaysaweekalsolowertheriskofmooddisorders,whichisanothermajorbenefit,”addsRosenkranz.12．Whatdoesthenewstudytellus?A．Weekendworkoutsarealsobeneficialtous.B．Mostpeoplechoosetoexerciseonweekends.C．Weekendwarriorsarehealthierthanregularexercisers.D．Fewpeoplecankeepworkingoutdailyandconsistently.13．Whichcanprobablyreplacetheunderlinedword“ailments”inparagraph3?A．Injuries. B．Consequences. C．Emotions. D．Illnesses.14．Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A．Theresultoftheresearch. B．Theprocessoftheresearch.C．ThehealthstatusofAmericans. D．Thedataoftheresearchobjects.15．WhatdoesRosenkranzprobablyagreewith?A．Thetimeofexercisingmattersalot. B．Wehadbetterexerciseeveryweekday.C．Aslongasweexercise,itcountsalot. D．Takingexercisedoesn’ttakemuchenergy.Buildingasharedgratitudepracticecanhaveaprofoundimpactonaschool’scultureandtheemotionalhealthandbelongingofstudentsandstaff.Here’swhattodo.16Schoolleadershipcanstartbyanalyzingwhatalreadyguidestheschoolandcomeupwithalist.Youcanfinalizethelistwithstaff,orevenincludestudentsintheprocess.Besuretoincludebehaviorsoutsideofacademicorgoodbehavior—notjusteffortorhelpingothers.Forexample,patienceisanon-academicbehaviorthatnonethelesssupportsacademicsuccessandrelationships.17Talkaboutvaluedbehaviorswithstudents.Inthisprocess,ithelpstodefinewhatthesetofexpectedbehaviorslooksandsoundslikeinstudent-accessiblelanguagewithstudentsthemselves.18Forexample,SunsetBeachElementarySchoolchoseresponsibilityastheirgoalinJanuary.Thestafffirstspendafewminutesatastaffmeetingdefiningwhatthetermlooksandsoundslikebeforefacilitatingthesameactivitywithstudents.19Namingthingspeoplewouldsayordothatthegroupbelievesqualifyasresponsibilityandnotsomethingelseishard.Theeffort,however,buildsamoreprecise,inclusive,andsharedunderstandingofwhatcountsandwhatdoesnot.Co-definingtermswithstudentsusingexamplesandlanguagetheycanunderstandandfindculturallyrelevantandinclusiveincreasesstudentbuy-in,access,andopportunitytofeelvaluedbythecommunity.20Therefore,youhaveaworkingsetofcriteriaforeveryonetocalibrate(校准)aroundastheypracticethankingothersforthespecificbehaviorwhentheyseeandhearit.Rememberasimple“thankyou”cancreatethetypeofschoolclimatewhereeveryonecanthrive.A．Soarecourageandcaring.B．Choosebehaviorstoappreciate.C．Buildaschoolwidegratitudepractice.D．Thiscanbesurprisinglydifficulttodo.E．Believeitornot,it’snoteasytobealeaderofaschool.F．Schoolsoftenstartwithasinglebehaviorasthethemeforamonth.G．Stickthegroupdefinitionofresponsibilityonthewallforthemonth.二、完形填空（本大题共1小题）ManyyearsagowhenIhadaradioprogram,oneofmylistenerscalledmea“scavenger(拾荒者)”.Itwasn’tmeanttobea(n)21.Infact,Itookitasagreat22towhatIdid.Shewentontosay,“Youscavengethroughlifetofindthingsthataresoimportantyet23bymostpeople.”I24itbysayingthatsometimesthemostimportantthingsareso25thattheybecomethebackgroundofourlives.Likewatchingamovie,Ioftenlistentothemain26butwatchthepeopleintheback—the“extras(群众演员)”,astheyarecalled.That’swheretheproblem27.Wetakepeople,places,momentsforgrantedandseethemas“extras”.AlmostliketheshowAmericanPickers.Thetwomaincharactersscavengeforthingsthat,bythemselvesaresignificant,but28inpilesofdebris(废墟).Nevertakeanythingoranyoneforgranted.Iunderstoodthis29lastyear,whenI30somethingthathappenedeverydayduringthesummer.Atdusk,thesun31behindourhomeandforjustafewminutes,thesunlight32thetrees.Itookthatpicturewithmyphone.Itmadeforanicepicturebutmuchmorethanthat.Itisa33thatIhadlived,thatIhadmadeitthroughanotherdayanditismore34thangold.Everysunsetis35.Everysunriseisaproofthatlifehasgivenyouanotherchance.21．A．compliment B．joke C．offense D．surprise22．A．criticism B．praise C．challenge D．responsibility23．A．appreciated B．noticed C．valued D．overlooked24．A．confirmed B．clarified C．doubted D．rejected25．A．obvious B．complicated C．impressive D．mysterious26．A．plots B．scenes C．themes D．characters27．A．slips B．begins C．continues D．ends28．A．buried B．exposed C．displayed D．preserved29．A．knowledge B．word C．truth D．problem30．A．denied B．forgot C．imagined D．discovered31．A．set B．passed C．glowed D．stopped32．A．tookin B．cutoff C．brokethrough D．fedon33．A．mark B．memory C．symbol D．reminder34．A．popular B．heavy C．valuable D．natural35．A．critical B．different C．similar D．ordinary三、语法填空（本大题共1小题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Itisnosecretthatgoingonatripisfun.Butwhatifitcouldalsomakeyoulookandfeelyounger?Anewstudysaysthattravelcouldbethebest36(defend)againstageing.Thetravelbugcouldbeonehobbythatishealthy.Theresearcherssaidtourismtypicallyexposespeopletonewsurroundingsand37(relax)activities,makingusmoreyouthfulaswegetolder.FangliHu,theleadauthoroftheresearch,said:“Tourismisnotonlyaboutleisureandrecreation,butalso38(contribute)topeople’sphysicalandmentalhealth.”Ms.Huadded:“Ageing,as39process,isirreversible(不可逆的).Whileitcan’tbestopped,itcanbesloweddown.”Theresearchers40(look)athowtravellingmightaffecthowweage.Theysuggestedthatgoingonvacations,backpackingandsightseeingcanlowerstress.Travellingcanalsoboostourmetabolism(新陈代谢),41strengthensourimmunesystem.Travellingcouldalsoassistwithrepairingbodytissue,42(help)toslowdownthesignsofageing.Ms.Husaidtravellingofteninvolvesphysicalactivitieslikehiking,climbing,andcycling.Shesaidthese43(potential)reducetensionandtirednessinthemusclesandjoints,andparticipating44theseactivitiescouldenhancethebody’simmunefunctionandself-protectioncapabilities.Theresearchersalsosaidtravellingcouldbe45(good)thananti-ageingcreams.四、书信写作（本大题共1小题）46．假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom很喜欢大熊猫，你打算寄给他一份含有熊猫元素的文创产品。请根据下面的提示给他写封邮件，内容包括：1.写信目的；2.选送此礼物的原因；3.欢迎他来中国旅游。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。参考词汇:creativeculturalproduct文创产品DearTom,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua五、书面表达（本大题共1小题）47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Iwassixyearsoldwhenmyfatherheardaboutskatingclasses.HesomehowknewIwasgoingtodowellinit.Hefilledouttheformandgotmeenrolled(登记).MymotherwasalittleafraidbecauseIwastoothinandsmall.Iwasexcited,yetfrightened,butmyfamilygavemeallthecourageandconfidenceIneeded.Theclasswasscheduledfor7am.Butguesswhat?Myhappinessandexcitementturnedupsidedownwhennoonewasavailabletotakemetoclassearlyinthemorningbecauseofworkcommitments.Ihadlostallhopeofmakingittotheclass,butmyfathersurprisedmebygettingpermissiontogotoworklateonmyclassdays.Finally,whenwearrivedformyclass,Isawthat,eventhoughitwasthefirstclass,somestudentswerealreadyskatinglikeexperts!Tomakemattersworse,alltheskatingshoesthatfitmewerealreadytaken.Iwasgivenapairthatdidn’tfitwell.Myfatherandtheinstructorencouragedmealot,soItried.EverytimeIattemptedtoskate,Ifellandfeltembarrassed.Thenmyfatherwouldholdmyhandandwalkwithme.AfterIreturnedhome,Icouldn’tstopthinkingabouthowIcoulddowellandbecomeanexpert.Thenextday,myfatherboughtmeanewpairofskatingshoes.Theyweregreyandblack,whichwerecomfortabletowear.Fortheentireweek,Ipracticedskatingbeforemynextclass.Ineachsubsequentclass,Iperformedbetterthanbefore.NotonlycouldIskateandwalk,butIwasalsoabletorace,brake,hopanddomuchmore.Myfamilyandfriendsweresohappyandproudtoseemyprogress.注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。EverytimeIskate,Iremembermyfather’ssupportthathelpedmereachthisstage._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Lookingatmyfather’sconcernedlook,Istruggledtomyfeet._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案【答案】1．C2．B3．C【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了AxisBankSplash比赛的要求、奖项等相关信息。【解析】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“WelcomebacktoAxisBankSplash!ItisanannualnationwidecompetitiononArt,CraftandLiterature(欢迎回到AxisBankSplash！这是一项一年一度的全国艺术、工艺和文学竞赛。)”可知，AxisBankSplash是全国性的比赛。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中的“Thewinnersofthecompetitionwillbeinstructedbyseveraldomainexperts.Thetop3finalistsfromeachcategorywillbeawardedprizes.Inaddition,allwinnerswillgetachancetohavetheirartworksdisplayedattheMuseumofArtandPhotography(MAP).What’smore,thetop400qualifierswillwinexcitinggiftsandelectronicgadgets (小用品)frompartners.(比赛的优胜者将由几位领域专家指导。每个类别的前三名决赛选手将获得奖品。此外，所有获奖者将有机会在艺术与摄影博物馆（MAP）展出他们的作品。更重要的是，前400名的选手将获得来自合作伙伴的精彩礼物和电子产品。)”说明获奖者会得到一些准备好的奖品，包括专家指导、在博物馆展示作品的机会以及合作伙伴提供的礼品和电子小用品等。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据Registration中“Theparticipantscanregisterandsubmittheirentrieswww.axisbanksplash.intill30thNovember.(参赛者可以在11月30日之前在www.Axisbanksplash.in上注册并提交他们的作品。)”可知，参与者需要在指定网站www.axisbanksplash.in上注册并提交参赛作品。故选C。【答案】4．C5．A6．B7．B【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了14岁的WilliamCabaniss通过自制香草精销售，将全部利润捐赠给食物银行来帮助他人的善举。【解析】4．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“In2020,atage14,WilliamCabanissnoticedthatsomeofhisclassmateswereskippingmealsduetofoodinsecurity,andhewantedtodosomething.(2020年，14岁的威廉・卡巴尼斯注意到他的一些同学因为食物得不到保障而不吃东西，他想为此做点什么)”可知，一些学生不吃饭是因为食品不安全，也就是担心食物问题。故选C。5．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Oneday,whilebakingapanofcakesandaddingvanilla,herealizedhecouldeasilyproducehisownvanillaextractratherthanpurchasingitatthesupermarket.Thenhetooktheideaastepfurtherbyplanningtosellthevanillaextractanddonateallprofitstothelocalfoodbankwherehevolunteered.(一天，当他烤一盘蛋糕并加入香草时，他意识到他可以很容易地自己制作香草精，而不是在超市购买。然后，他进一步提出了这个想法，计划出售香草精，并将所有利润捐给他志愿服务的当地食品银行)”可知，是他的烘焙过程启发他通过卖香草精来对抗饥饿。故选A。6．推理判断题。由文章第一段中“In2020,atage14,WilliamCabanissnoticedthatsomeofhisclassmateswereskippingmealsduetofoodinsecurity,andhewantedtodosomething.(2020年，14岁的威廉・卡巴尼斯注意到他的一些同学因为食物得不到保障而不吃东西，他想为此做点什么)”和第三段中“Oneday,whilebakingapanofcakesandaddingvanilla,herealizedhecouldeasilyproducehisownvanillaextractratherthanpurchasingitatthesupermarket.Thenhetooktheideaastepfurtherbyplanningtosellthevanillaextractanddonateallprofitstothelocalfoodbankwherehevolunteered.(一天，当他烤一盘蛋糕并加入香草时，他意识到他可以很容易地自己制作香草精，而不是在超市购买。然后，他进一步提出了这个想法，计划出售香草精，并将所有利润捐给他志愿服务的当地食品银行)”和第五段“Theextremelypositiveresponseallowedhimtoexpandhisprogramintoanon-profitorganization,VanillaFeedsTomorrow.Thenon-profitprojectcontinuesoperationstoday,andWilliamdonatestheprofittoSecondHarvestFoodBankofEastTennessee.Each$30bottlesoldprovidesapproximately42mealstopeopleinneed,andtheorganizationhasraisedmorethan$200,000todate.(这个非常积极的反应让他把他的项目扩展成一个非营利组织——VanillaFeedsTomorrow。这个非营利性项目一直持续到今天，威廉将收益捐给了东田纳西州的第二丰收食品银行。每瓶售价30美元的可乐能为有需要的人提供大约42顿饭，到目前为止，该组织已经筹集了20多万美元)”可知，文章讲述了威廉为了帮助有食物问题的同学和社区，制作并售卖自制香草精，将全部利润捐给当地食品银行，还成立非营利组织。他慷慨地把利润捐出，且积极帮助他人，所以他是慷慨且乐于助人的。故选B。7．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“In2020,atage14,WilliamCabanissnoticedthatsomeofhisclassmateswereskippingmealsduetofoodinsecurity,andhewantedtodosomething.(2020年，14岁的威廉・卡巴尼斯注意到他的一些同学因为食物得不到保障而不吃东西，他想为此做点什么)”和第三段中“Oneday,whilebakingapanofcakesandaddingvanilla,herealizedhecouldeasilyproducehisownvanillaextractratherthanpurchasingitatthesupermarket.Thenhetooktheideaastepfurtherbyplanningtosellthevanillaextractanddonateallprofitstothelocalfoodbankwherehevolunteered.(一天，当他烤一盘蛋糕并加入香草时，他意识到他可以很容易地自己制作香草精，而不是在超市购买。然后，他进一步提出了这个想法，计划出售香草精，并将所有利润捐给他志愿服务的当地食品银行)”可知，文章主要围绕少年威廉通过制作售卖自制香草精来为当地食品银行筹集资金展开。B项“ATeenStartedBusinesstoRaiseFundsforLocalFoodBank(一名青少年创业为当地食品银行筹集资金)”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。【答案】8．A9．D10．D11．B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了《人事心理学》杂志的一项新的研究发现，吹嘘自己压力水平的人被同事视为能力较差，也不太讨人喜欢。【解析】8．句意猜测题。划线句中“Thisisabehaviorwe’veallseenandweallmightbeguiltyofatsomepoint,(这是我们都见过的行为，我们都可能在某个时候为此感到愧疚过)”中的主语This指代上文“bragabouttheirstresslevels(吹嘘自己的压力水平)”，因此根据句中的两个all可以推测出，杰西卡·罗德尔所说的划线句的意思是吹嘘压力水平的现象是很常见的。故选A项。9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“WhenIwaswonderingaboutwhypeopledothis,Ithoughtmaybewearetalkingaboutourstressbecausewewanttoprovewe’regoodenough.(当我想知道为什么人们会这样做时，我想也许我们谈论我们的压力是因为我们想证明我们足够好)”可知，谈论压力大的人是因为他们想证明自己足够好，由此可以推知，JessicaRodell认为人们吹嘘压力是为了展示自己很有能力。故选D项。10．细节理解题。根据第二段“360participantscomparedstatementsfromimaginaryco-workerswhojustreturnedfromaconference.(360名参与者比较了刚从会议中回来的假想同事的陈述)”可知，参与者比较的是参加会议的假想同事的陈述。故选D项。11．细节理解题。根据第三段“Theresearchersalsofoundemployeeswithco-workerswhobragaboutstressoftenreportedhigherlevelsofpersonalstressandburnout.(研究人员还发现，和吹嘘压力的人做同事，他们的个人压力和倦怠程度往往更高)”及“Whensomebodyisconstantlytalkingaboutandbraggingabouttheirstress,itmakesstressseemlikeagoodthing,...Itjustspillsoverontotheco-workersnexttothem.Theywindupfeelingmorestressed,whichleadstohigherburnoutorwithdrawalfromtheirwork.(吹嘘压力会让人觉得，高压力是工作文化中意料之中、正常的一部分……这只会影响到他们旁边的同事。他们最终会感到更大的压力，从而导致更高的倦怠或对工作的退缩)”可知，一个人不断吹嘘压力，这只会蔓延到他旁边的同事身上，他的同事最终会感到压力更大。故选B项。【答案】12．A13．D14．A15．C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。一项最新研究表明：对于工作日很难安排出时间锻炼身体的人而言，在周末安排相应的运动锻炼同样具有好处，一样能降低很多疾病的发病风险。【解析】12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Newresearchsuggeststhat“weekendwarriors(勇士)”whopackatleast150minutesofexerciseintooneortwodaysenjoysimilarhealthbenefitstothosewhospreadworkoutsthroughouttheweek.(“周末勇士”在一到两天内至少锻炼150分钟，与那些在一周内分散锻炼的人获得的健康益处相似。)”可知，新的研究表明，在一两天内完成至少150分钟锻炼的“周末勇士”和那些在一周内分散锻炼的人享受类似的健康益处，即周末锻炼对我们也有益处。故选A项。13．词句猜测题。根据划线单词句中“…includingcardiovasculardisease,Type-2diabetes,stroke,cancer,depression,andanxiety.(包括心血管疾病、2型糖尿病、中风、癌症、抑郁和焦虑。)”以及后一句中“AbouthalfofallAmericanshavechronicdiseases(大约一半的美国人患有慢性疾病。)”可知，久坐不动的生活方式会增加一个人患上一系列“ailments”的风险，后面列举的“cardiovasculardisease,Type-2diabetes,stroke,cancer,depression,andanxiety”都是疾病，所以“ailments”意思是“疾病”，D选项“illnesses”（疾病）符合。故选D项。14．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Thenearly90,000peoplewhosedatatheresearchersanalyzedinthenewstudyweredividedintothreecategories:regularexerciser,weekendwarrior,andtheinactive.Comparedtothosewhodidn’texercise,regularexercisersandweekendwarriorshadalowerriskofmorethan260diseasesoversixyears.TheprotectivebenefitsforType-2diabeteswerehighest,with43percentlowerriskfortheweekendwarriorand46percentlowerriskfortheregularexerciser,respectively.(在这项新研究中，研究人员分析了近9万人的数据，将他们分为三类：定期锻炼者、周末战士和不运动者。与那些不锻炼的人相比，经常锻炼和周末运动的人在六年内患260多种疾病的风险较低。对2型糖尿病的保护作用是最大的，周末战士的风险降低了43%，定期锻炼者的风险降低了46%。)”可知，主要讲述了研究人员对近9万人的数据进行分析，将他们分为三类，然后比较了不同类别与不锻炼的人在六年内患260多种疾病的风险情况，这是研究的结果。故选A项。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Notimetoexercise?Just5minutesstillhasabigimpact.Theresearchaddstoearlierstudiesthatshowthatanyamountofphysicalactivitycountsandallowspeoplesomeflexibility(“没时间锻炼？”仅仅5分钟也有很大的影响。这项研究补充了早期的研究，表明任何数量的体育活动都是重要的，并使人们有一定的灵活性)”以及“Evenifit’sjustafewminutesofmoderate-to-vigorousphysicalactivityhereorthere,you’regoingtogetabenefit.Workingoutevenoneortwodaysaweekalsolowertheriskofmooddisorders,whichisanothermajorbenefit(即使只是在这里或那里进行几分钟中等到高强度的体育活动，你也会从中受益。即使每周锻炼一到两天也能降低患情绪障碍的风险，这是另一个主要好处。)”可知，Rosenkranz认为只要锻炼就很重要，即使只有几分钟的中度到剧烈的体育活动，也会有好处，一周锻炼一两天也能降低情绪障碍的风险。故选C项。【答案】16．B17．A18．F19．D20．G【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了建立