2025年中考英语三轮复习之阅读理解-科普知识

第76页（共76页）2025年中考英语三轮复习之阅读理解—科普知识一．阅读理解（共20小题）1．（2025•市南区校级一模）PartofEarth'sbeautycomesfromitsoceans.Oceanscientistsstudythechemicalmake﹣upoftheocean，weatherpatterns，thegeographyoftheoceanfloor，andmanyotherareas.Theirworkisexciting，althoughsometimesdangerous.Usingtechnologytodocertaintaskshelps.Forexample，roboticarmsareusedforverydangeroustasks.Onebasicpartofoceanstudyisunderstandingwavesandhowtheywork.Windisthegreatmakerofwaves.Thewavesweknowaremostlyproducedbywindsblowingoverthesea.Theyaredirectlyconnectedwiththewindspeedandthetimethatwindlasts.Sometimesoceanlifecanbeseeninthewave.Livingthingsseemtobestayingwithinthewave，movingslowlyinsideitasiftheywereweightless.Besidesthebeautyofwaves，scientistsareinterestedintheirtechnicalways.Thediagramofwavesshowshowscientistsexaminewaves.Wavesaremeasured（测量）fromthetop（crest）tothebottom（trough）.Thisallowsscientiststofindouttheheightofawave.Theyalsomeasurewavesfromcresttocresttodetermine（测定）thelengthofawave.Duringseriousstorms，hugewavesmightcutaseashipapart.Shipsareatgreatriskofwindingupasbrokenpiecesafterbeinghitbytheforceofahugewave.Byunderstandingtheocean，scientistscanpreventthisbreakupofshipsbypredictingwhenthewaterwillbetoodangerousforpeopleandtheirships.Thestudyofwavesandtheoceanalsoallowsscientiststomakesurehowcertainbeacheswereformed.Bystudyingtheoceans，agreatdealcanbelearnedaboutthesurfaceweliveon.（1）Whyareroboticarmsused？Because.A．certaintasksareverydangerousB．thetasksareexcitingC．theoceansarebeautifulD．therearemanystudyingareas（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph？A．Wavescanmakewind.B．Mostwavesareproducedbywinds.C．Scientistsmakemostwaves.D．Waveshavenothingtodowithwind.（3）Whatisthemeaningof"thelengthofawave"accordingtoparagraph3？A．Thebeautyofhugewaves.B．Thetechnicalwaytostudythesea.C．Thedistancefromcresttocrestofawave.D．Thedistancefromthetoptothebottomofawave.（4）Whichofthefollowingstatementsarerightaccordingtothepassage？①Scientistscandecidetheweatherpatterns.②Wecan'tfindlivingthingsinthewaves.③Bystudyingtheocean，scientistscanpreventthebreakupofships.④Thestudyofwaveshelpsscientistsknowhowcertainbeacheswereformed.A．①③B．②④C．③④D．②③（5）Whereisthepassageprobablyfrom？A．Adiaryentry.B．Afairytale.C．Atravelguide.D．Asciencemagazine.2．（2025•龙马潭区一模）Whendidyoulastsay"Iloveyou"toyourfather？Ifyoucan'tremember，thenyoucangetthechancethisFather'sDayonJune18.Generallycomparedtoamother'sgentlelove，afatherrepresents（代表）qualitieslikeindependence（独立），confidence，courageandadventure.Also，acaringfathercanhelptheirchildrengetalongwithothers，accordingtoastudyonLiveScience.Fathersnotonlyleadtheirchildrenintotheirsocialcirclebutalsoteachthemhowtoactandcontroltheirfeelings.Forexample，MicrosoftfounderBillGateswasquietanddidn'tliketotalkwithotherswhenhewasalittlekid.SohisfatheroftenheldfamilypartiesandletBillplaygameswithfamilymembers."Gameslikesoccerandswimmingseemedtobesillyatthattimebuttheyimprovedmyabilityofleadingandcooperating（合作），"GatesoncesaidinaninterviewwithUSFortunemagazine.USactorWillSmithlearnedimportantlessonsfromsmallthingstaughtbyhisfather.Hisfatheronceplannedtopulldownawalloftheirshopandrebuildit.ButlittleWillthoughtitwasimpossible.Afterayearandahalf，theydidit."Youdon'ttrytobuildawall.Youaregoingtolayabrick（砖）everyday.Andsoonyouhaveawall，"hesaidonTVshowCharlieRose（《查理•罗斯访谈录》）."Onefatherismorethanahundredschoolmasters，"BritishpoetGeorgeHerbert（1593﹣1632）oncesaid.Doyouagree？（1）WhatchancecanyougetonthecomingFather'sDay？A．Toexpresslovetoyourfather.B．Torememberyourfather'slove.C．Tocelebrateandrelaxyourself.D．Tobuyabeautifulpresent.（2）Whichofthefollowingbelongstoafather'squalities？A．Confidence，courage，adventureandgentlelove.B．Independence，confidence，courageandgentlelove.C．Independence，confidence，courageandadventure.D．Confidence，courage，adventureandcaring.（3）WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4？A．BillGateschangedmuchwiththehelpofhisfather.B．BillGateslikedpartiesverymuchwhenhewasyoung.C．Soccerandswimmingwerepopularalongtimeago.D．BillGates'familyhasalotofmoney.（4）HowlongdidlittleWillandhisfatherrebuildthewalloftheirshop？A．Oneyear.B．Oneandahalfyears.C．Twoyears.D．Halfayear.（5）Whatdoesthesentence"Onefatherismorethanahundredschoolmasters."mean？A．Thegrowthofachildneeds100schoolmasters.B．Onefatherismoreimportantthan100schoolmasters.C．Afatherplaysanimportantroleinkids'growing.D．Onefatherandahundredschoolmastersarehelpful.3．（2024•内乡县一模）Chemicalreactions（反应）makeforsomegreatexperiments.YoucanmakeuseoftheCO2（carbondioxide）givenoffbyabakingsoda（小苏打）andvinegarreactiontoblowupyourballoon!Whatyou'llneed★Balloon★About40mlofwater★Softdrinkbottle★Vinegar★AteaspoonofbakingsodaInstructions★Beforeyoubegin，makesurethatyoupulltheballoonlongtomakeitaseasyaspossibletoblowup.★Putthe40mlofwaterintothesoftdrinkbottle.★Addthebakingsodaandmixitwithwater.★Putthevinegarinandquicklyputtheballoonoverthemouthofthebottle.What'shappening？Ifallgoeswell，thenyourballoonshouldinflate!Addingthevinegartothebakingsodacreatesachemicalreaction.Thebakingsodaisabase，whilethevinegarisanacid.Whenthetwocombine（结合），theycreateCO2.Thegasrisesupandescapesthroughthesoftdrinkbottle.However，itdoesn'tescapetheballoon，pushingitoutwardsandblowingitup.（1）Whatdoesabakingsodaandvinegarreactiongiveoff？A．O2B．O3C．CO2D．H2O（2）Whatshouldyoudobeforeyoubegin？A．Heatthewater.B．Drinksomejuice.C．Blowuptheballoon.D．Pulltheballoonlong.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"inflate"meaninChinese？A．涨价.B．膨胀.C．吹捧.D．抬高.（4）Whatcanbeusedinsteadofvinegar？A．Milk.B．Water.C．Tea.D．Lemonjuice.（5）Thetextisabout.A．anexperimentB．agameC．afilmD．abook4．（2024•孟村县模拟）Haveyoueverbeenill？Whenyouareill，youmustbeunhappybecauseyourbodybecomeshot，andtherearepainsalloveryourbody.Youdon'twanttowork，youstayinbed，feelingverysad.Whatmakesusill？Itisgerms（细菌）.Germsareeverywhere.Theyareverysmallandyoucan'tfindthemwithyoureyes，butyoucanseethemwithamicroscope.Theyareverysmallandtherecouldbehundredsofthemonaverysmallthing.Germsarealwaysfoundindirtywater.Whenwelookatdirtywaterunderthemicroscope，weshallseetheminit.Soyourfatherandmotherwillnotletyoudrinkdirtywater.Germsaren'tfoundonlyinwater.Theyarefoundinairanddust.Ifyoucutyourfinger，ifsomeofthedustfromthefloorgoesintothecut（伤口），someofthegermswouldgointoyourfinger.Yourfingerwouldbecomebigandred，andyouwillhavemuchpaininit.Sometimesthegermswouldgointoallofyourbody，andyouwouldhavepaineverywhere.（1）WhichofthefollowingisTRUE？A．Ifthingsareverysmall，theyaregerms.B．Ifthingscan'tbeseen，theymustbegerms.C．Germsareonlyindirtywater.D．Germsareeverywherearoundus.（2）Whatisamicroscopeusedfor？A．Makingverysmallthingslookmuchbigger.B．Makingverybigthingslookmuchsmaller.C．Helpingyoureadsomenewspapers.D．Helpingyouifyoucan'tseethingsclearly.（3）Whydon'tyourparentsletyoudrinkdirtywater？A．Youhaven'tlookedatitcarefully.B．Watercan'tbedrunkinthisway.C．Theremustbelotsofgermsinit.D．Waterwillmakeyouill.（4）WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue？A．Germscanbefoundbothinwaterandintheair.B．Germscangointoyourfingerifitiscut.C．IfyourtemperatureisnotOK，theremustbegermsinyourbody.D．Ifyourfingerisn'tcut，therearen'tanygermsonit.（5）What'sthemainideaofthepassage？A．Germsmaymakeusill.B．Germsareindirtywater.C．Don'tdrinkdirtywater.D．Takecareofyourfingers.5．（2024•广安区校级模拟）Mostpeoplethinksleepwalkers（梦游者）walkingaroundatnight.Butinfact，notallsleepwalkerswalk.Someonlysituporgetoutofbedoractlikehowtheyoftendoduringthedaywhentheyaresleeping!Butmostsleepwalkersdogetupandgoaroundforafewsecondsorhalfanhour.Sleepwalkers'eyesareopen，buttheydon'tseethesamewayastheydoduringtheday，andtheyoftenthinktheyareindifferentroomsofthehouseordifferentplaces.Sleepwalkersusuallygobacktobedthemselvesandtheydon'trememberitinthemorning.Scientistssaythatsleepwalkingmaysometimeshappenwhenapersonissick，hasafever，isnotgettingenoughsleep，orhehasmuchstress.There'snomedicineforsleepwalking，butherearesomeideasfromdoctorstohelpsleepwalkers：•Relaxatbedtimebylisteningtoquietmusic.•Gotobedatthesametimeeveryday.•Keepeverythingquietwhenyouaretryingtosleep.•Don'tdrinkalotintheeveningandbesureyougotothewashroombeforegoingtobed.Remember：don'tshouttosleepwalkerswhenthey'resleeping，ortheycangetconfused（迷惑的）andscared.（1）Whensleepwalkersaresleeping，.A．allofthemonlysitupB．allofthemgetoutofbedC．mostofthemwalkthewholenightD．someofthemactlikehowtheydoduringtheday（2）Whensleepwalkersgoaroundatnight，theycan't.A．seeB．rememberC．walkD．think（3）Thethirdparagraph（自然段）mainlytellsusatnight.A．whatsleepwalkersdoB．howsleepwalkersactC．whysleepwalkinghappensD．wheresleepwalkersgo（4）Sleepwalkersshould.A．takethemedicineontimeB．followthedoctors'instructionsC．trytosleepearlyD．keepcalmallthetime（5）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage？A．Peoplewhosleepwalkareeasilyscaredduringtheday.B．Sleepwalkerscan'tfindthewaytotheirbeds.C．Sleepwalkersshoulddrinkmuchbeforesleeping.D．Sleepwalkersshouldlistentoquietmusicatbedtime.6．（2024•辽宁一模）AnewstudyfindsthatmorethaneightypercentofInternetusersintheUnitedStatessearchforhealthinformationonline.SusannahFoxfromthePewInternetProjectsaysdoctorsarestillthemainsourceofhealthinformation.Butthestudyfoundthatsearchingonlineisoneoftheleadingwaysthatpeoplelookforasecondopinion.Hesays，"Peopleareshortoffactcheckingwhattheyhaveheardfromadoctor.Ourstudiesshowthatpeoplearestillverylikelytoturntoahealthdoctorwhentheyneedadiagnosis（诊断）orareplanningatreatment."Forty﹣fourpercentofpeopleareactuallylookingfordoctorsorotherproviderswhentheysearchforhealthinformationonline.TwothirdsofInternetuserslookonlineforinformationaboutacertaindiseaseormedicalcondition.TheInternethasalsobecomeanimportantsourceofspiritualsupportforpeoplewithhealthproblems.SusannahFoxsaysoneinfiveInternetusershasgoneonlinetofindotherpeoplewhohavethesamecondition.Adiseaseisconsidereduncommonifitaffects（侵袭）fewerthan200，000peopleworldwide.Theriseofsocialnetworkinghasmadeiteasierforpeoplewithuncommondiseasestoconnectwitheachotherandfeellessalone.Socialnetworkingisalsochangingthewaysomedoctorsandpatientscommunicatewitheachother.DrJeffLivingstonoperatesamedicalcentreforwomeninIrving，Texas.Hisofficeusespassword﹣protectedsoftwaretoshareinformationwithpatients.Hesaysthesoftwarehasincreasedefficiency（效率），reducedcostsandimprovedrelationswithpatients.Ithasjustchangedthewaywedohealthcare.HismedicalcentrealsohasaFacebookpage，aMySpacepageandaTwitterfeed.（1）Whatmakespeoplesearchforhealthinformationonline？A．People'sinterestsinhealth.B．People'shealthcondition.C．ImportanceoftheInternet.D．Theriseofonlinetreatment.（2）Fromthefourthparagraphweknowthat.A．peoplewithhealthproblemsgoonlinetolookforthenewtreatmentB．peoplewithhealthproblemstrytosharetheirexperiencewithothersonlineC．peoplewithhealthproblemsencourageeachotheronlinetofightagainstdiseasesD．Internetbecomesaplaceforpeoplewithhealthproblemstoreduceworries（3）AccordingtoParagraph5，socialnetworking.A．becomesanewwayfordoctorsandpatientstocommunicatewitheachotherB．encouragespeopletogetmorehelpfromdoctorsonlineintimeC．helpspeopletogetmoreconfidenceaboutthetreatmentoftheirdiseasesD．makespeopleeasiertoknowmoreaboutwhattheirdiseasesare（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph？A．Internetisaneasywayfordoctorstotreattheirpatients.B．Doctorsshouldchangetheirwaystotreattheirpatients.C．Facebook，MySpaceandTwitterbecomeefficienttoolsfordoctors.D．Mostpatientswouldliketoasktheirdoctorsforhelponlinenow.7．（2024•阜阳模拟）Researchsaysthathusbandsdonotdotheirfairshareofworkaroundthehouse.AstudyfromanAmericanuniversitysaysthatmenseldomdothesameshareofhousework.Researchersinterviewed182workingcoupleswhobecamefirst﹣timeparents.Bothhusbandsandwivesworkedalmostthesamenumberofhoursinfull﹣timejobs.However，mendidfivehoursaweeklesshouseworkthanwomenaftertheirbabywasborn.Itisadifferentstoryformothers.Becomingaparentadded21hoursaweektoamother'swork.Mostofthiswaslookingafterherbaby.Newfathersdidnotdomoreworkbecausetheydidnotrealizethemotherwasdoingsomuchmore.Anotherreasonisthatafterababyisborn，fathersfollowthe"traditional"roles.Thatis，themotherlooksafterthebabyandthefatherworksoutside.Thishappensevenwhenthemotherisworkingthesamenumberofhoursinherjob.（1）Itisfoundthatdolesshousework.A．wivesB．husbandsC．parentsD．babies（2）Theunderlinedsentence"Itisadifferentstoryformothers."Probablymeans.A．motherscomefromdifferentfamiliesB．motherslikereadingdifferentstoriesC．mothersworkmorehoursthanfathersD．differentmothershavedifferentchildren（3）Whatisthe"traditional"roleofafather？A．Workingoutside.B．Lookingafterthebaby.C．Doinghousework.D．Doingpart﹣timejobs.（4）Whichpartofanewspapercanthispassagebetakenfrom？A．SportsB．MedicineC．NewsD．Society8．（2024•宝应县二模）Globalwarmingishappeningallaroundus．Thisexperimenthelpsyoulearnhowagreenhouseworks，andhowgreenhousegasesinfluencetheearth'satmosphere（大气）．WhatYouNeed：•Twothermometers•Anotebook•Apencilorpen•Aclearcontainer•Awatchorclock•AsunnyareaWhatYouDo：1．Putthethermometersindirectsunlight．Letthemsitinthesunforthreeminutes．2．Drawtwocolumns（栏），"ThermometerA"and"ThermometerB"，inthenotebook．3．Afterthethreeminutes，readandrecordthetimeandtemperaturesinthenotebook．4．Placeoneofthethermometersinthecontainerandcloseittightly．5．Recordthetemperaturesofthethermometerseverytenminutes．6．Discusshowthecontainerinfluencesthetemperature．What'sGoingOn？Thetemperatureoutsidethecontainerischanging，asthewarmairmixeswiththepassingcoolerair．Theairinsidethecontainercan'tmixwiththeairoutside﹣itjustgetswarmerasthesunlightheatsitup．Agreenhouseworksinasimilarway：sunlightcreatesheatthatcan'tgetoutoftheglass．（1）Whatdoyouneedintheexperiment？A．Adarkroom．B．Apaperbox．C．Somewater．D．Twothermometers．（2）Howoftendoyourecordthetemperaturesofthethermometers？A．Everyfiveminutes．B．Everytenminutes．C．Everyfifteenminutes．D．Everytwentyminutes．（3）Whatcanyoulearnfromtheexperiment？A．Whentheglassbreaks．B．Whythesunlightishelpful．C．Howagreenhouseworks．D．Whatthetemperaturechanges．9．（2024•泰兴市二模）Howwouldyouliketobuildatimemachine？Paper，sticks，glueandstringareallyouneed.Putthemtogethertobuildakite.Akiteconnectsyoutothepast.Nooneknowswhoflewthefirstkite.ItwasprobablysomeoneinChinaorperhapsIndonesia.Indonesia.Indonesianfishermenhungfishhooksonkitesandsentthemouttoseatocatchfish.Starting2，000yearsago，ChinesefarmersflewkitestowelcometheNewYearandbringgoodlucktoEarth.InChina，peoplealsousedkitesduringwartime.OneChinesestorytellshowsoldiersputnoisemakersonkitesandflewthematnightovertheenemycamp.Theenemieswerefrightenedbythenoiseandranaway.About1，300yearsago，ChinesetravelerstookkitestoJapan.Soonkitesfilledtheskiesthere.KitesreachedThailandabout700yearsago.Duringfloods，ThaifarmersflewkitesovertheirfieldsTheyhopedthekiteswoulddriveawaythecloudsandstoptherain.Overtime，kitesflewtheirwayoutofAsia.Today，kitesareapassionallovertheworld.Kitefansmeetatfestivalsinmanypartsoftheworldandhavegreatfun.Overtheyears，Kiteshavealsohelpedpeopleunderstandthenaturalworld.In1749，forexample，thermometersweretiedtokitestomeasuretemperatures.In1906，camerashangingfromkitestookpicturesofSanFrancisco，Californiaafteranearthquake.Thephotoshelpedpeopleplanwhattodo.Kitesalsohelpedinventorsfindouthowtomakeairplanes.TheWrightbrothersstudiedhowkitesflew，whichhelpedthemmakethefirstsuccessfulairplane.SincetheancientChinesefirstsettheirkitesintotheair，peoplehavelovedflyingkites.Kitesgiveuswaystocelebrate，relaxandexplore.Sogoflyakite!Enjoythefeelingofwonderthatkiteflyershavefeltforcenturies.（1）Accordingtothepassage，inwhichcountrieswerekitesusedtomakegoodwishes？A．ChinaandJapan.B．ChinaandThailand.C．JapanandIndonesia.D．ThailandandIndonesia.（2）AccordingtotheChinesestory，thearmyusedkitesto.A．maketheenemiesleaveinfearB．celebratevictoriesduringwartimeC．stoptheenemiesfromsleepingwellD．carrysoldierstofightagainsttheenemies（3）Theunderlinedword"passion"inParagraph4means.A．strongloveB．usefulmachineC．happydreamD．commontreasure（4）HowdoesthewriterdevelopParagraph5？A．Bytellingstories.B．Bylistingnumbers.C．Bycomparingfacts.D．Bygivingexamples.（5）What'sthepurposeofthispassage？A．Toshowpeoplehowtoflykites.B．Toexplainhowkitesareusedinscience.C．Tointroducetherolesofkitesinhistory.D．Todiscussthedifferenceamongkitesworldwide.10．（2024•东光县二模）Blackisthecolorofpower．Ithasthemeaningofsubmission（服从）．Itispopularinfashionbecauseitmakespeoplelookthinner．Whiteisthecolorforbrides（新娘）．Whiteisconsideredasummercolor．Whiteispopularinfashionbecauseitislightandgoeswitheverything．Redisahotandstrongcolor．Itcanmaketheheartbeatfaster．Itisalsothecoloroflove．Redclothescanmakepeoplelookheavier．Andredthingsgetnoticedmorethanthingsthatareanothercolor．Thecoloroftheskyandtheocean，blue，isoneofthemostpopularcolorsItisoftenusedinbedrooms．Bluecanalsobecoldandmakepeoplefeelsad．Greenmeansnature．Itisthemostcomfortablecolorontheeyesandcanimprovevision（视力）．Itisacalmingcolor．Hospitalsoftenusegreenbecauseitcanmakepatientsrelax．Yellowisthemostdifficultcolorfortheeyestotakein．Yellowisthecolorofsunshine．Itisawarmcolorlikered．Ontheonehand，itisthecolorofhappinessandjoy．Ontheotherhand，itmeansfearanddishonestbehavior．（1）Blackisacoloroftenusedinfashionbecauseitcanmakepeoplelook．A．powerfulB．relaxedC．thinnerD．heavier（2）Redisthecolorofaccordingtothepassage．A．fearB．loveC．joyD．sadness（3）Thebestcolortomakeanexcitedpersoncalmdownis．A．whiteB．blueC．greenD．yellow（4）Inthesentence"Heistooyellowtostandupandfight"，"yellow"mostprobablymeans""．A．sadB．happyC．braveD．afraid．11．（2024•无锡模拟）Weallknowthat70%oftheearthiswater．Butonly1%ofitiscleanwater．Peoplecan'tlivewithoutwater．Soit'simportantforeveryonetosavewater．Herearesometipsforsavingwater．Indoors：●Turnthetapoffwhileyouarebrushingyourteeth，washingyourhands，doingdishes，takingashowerandsoon．●Catchthecoldwaterthatcomesoutofthetaporshowerwhileyouarewaitingforthehotwater．Useittowaterplantsorwashyourtoilet．●Don'twashclothestoooften．Whenyouusethewashingmachine，makesurethereisnotonlyapairofpantsinit．Outdoors：●Waterthegardenandgrassatnight．Thisgiveswatermoretimetogetintotheearthwithoutevaporationfromtheday'sheat．●Plantsmalltreesunderbigtrees．Thiswillhelpstopevaporationandgivessomeshade（树阴）foryourplants．Youcanalsoplantashadegardenundertrees．（1）It'simportantforeveryonetosavewaterbecause．A．70%oftheearthiswaterB．thewaterontheearthiscleanC．onlyasmallpartofthewateriscleanD．weneedittowaterplants（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"evaporation"meaninChinese？A．流失B．蒸发C．渗透D．锁住（3）Thefollowingwayscansavewateraccordingtothepassageexcept．A．plantingashadegardenundertreesB．wateringthegardenandgrassduringthenighttimeC．catchingthecoldwaterwhenyouwaitforthehotwatertoshowerD．usingthewashingmachineasyoulike，nomatterhowmanydirtyclothesthereare．12．（2024•广州一模）We'veallexperiencedfailure.Whetherwelikeitornot，failureispartoflife.Howpeoplerespondtoitisofgreatimportancebothtotheirdecisionsandachievements.Somearelikelytohavesuchexpectations："IfIshouldreachthatgoal，howhappywouldIfeel？"Inarecentstudy，wewantedtounderstandhowsuchexpectationsmaychangeinthefaceoffailure.Arepeopleabletopredicttheirownhappiness？Theoldsaying"thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheotherside"suggeststhatpeoplespendmuchoftheirtimesearchingforthingstheycan'thave.Inotherwords，theharderitistoachieve，thehigherthevaluation.Butisthisagoodmodelforhowordinarypeopleprocessfailure？AccordingtothestoryTheFoxandtheGrapes，failureoftenleadsustodropourinitial（最初的）plan.Inthestory，thefoxjumpswithallhisstrength，yethefailstoreachthegrapes.Finally，hewalksaway，concludingthatthegrapesweresour（酸的）anyway.So，whichisit：greenergrassorsourgrapes？Wedidanexperimenttodeterminehowpeoplereacttofailure.Inthestudy，about1，200participants（参加者）receivedeithergoodorpoorfeedback（反馈）onthepracticetrialofatest.Halfofthemweretoldthattheyhadperformedinthebottom20percent，whiletheotherhalf，inthetop20percent.Theywerethenaskedtopredicthowtheywouldfeeliftheyearnedahighscoreontheactualtest.Theresearchresultsshowedthatthosewhoreceivedpoorfeedbackonthepracticetrialpredictedthattheywouldfeellesshappinessandlesspride，comparedtothosewhoreceivedstrongfeedback.However，whentheyreceivedatopscoreontheactualtestlater，theywerejustashappyastheotherhalf，andmuchhappierthantheyhadpredictedbefore.Thissuggeststhattheinitialfailuremadepeopleundervaluehowgooditwouldfeeltosucceedinthefuture.Thequestionthough，iswhyfailuremakesusdownplayourfuturehappiness.AccordingtoProfessorJonElster，peopledon'talwaysknowwhattheywant，andoftenchangetheirwishestomatchwhatappearswithinreach.Whentheoutcomedoesn'tfittheonetheyhaveofthemselves，theyprotectthemselvesbydevaluingthegoal﹣ratherthandevaluingthemselves.Inotherwords，whenpersonalfailurehappens，onewayofprotectingourpositive（积极的）senseofselfistorefusetoaccepttheemotionalimportanceoffutureachievements.Detachment（超脱）frompersonalgoalscanbeuseful，ifithelpspeopleredirecttheirattentionfromtheimpossibletobetterandmoreachievablegoals.However，ifthesour﹣grapeeffectkicksintooearlyandpeoplebecomefearfuloffailure，theycouldmissoutonthechancetotryagainandrealizethatwhatonceseemedimpossibleisnowwithinreach.（1）WhatdoesthestoryTheFoxandtheGrapessuggest？A．Theoutcomevaluationdependsonwhatgoalisset.B．Difficultiesresultinahigherachievementexpectation.C．Pastperformancedoesn'thelppredictfuturehappiness.D．Initialfailuremakesfuturesuccessappearlessattractive.（2）Theword"downplay"inParagraph6probablymeans"".A．undervalueB．betterunderstandC．destroyD．discover（3）Whatdoweknowfromthepassage？A．Theparticipantscaredmoreaboutstrongfeedback.B．Thehappierpeoplearethosewhopredictlesshappiness.C．Theparticipants'performancefailedtomatchtheirabilities.D．Peopledevaluethegoaltokeepapositiveviewofthemselves.（4）Whatisthewritertryingtotellus？A．Failureisthemotherofsuccess.B．Detachmentstopspeoplefromchangingwishes.C．Theseeminglyimpossibleisworthtryingsometimes.D．Thesour﹣grapeeffectpushesustokeepmovingforward.13．（2024•兰山区模拟）It'shardtoturndownatastybanana.Theytastegoodandyoudon'thavetowashthembeforeeatingthem.However，Britishscientistssaythatthefruitmaydisappearby2050.Onereasonforthisisclimate（气候）change.ScientistsattheUniversityofExetercollecteddata（数据）from27countriesthatproduce86percentoftheworld'sbananas.Theyfoundthatclimatechangehasimprovedgrowingconditionsin21ofthesecountries.Inthepast60years，theaverageyield（平均产量）hasreached1.37tonsofbananasperhectare（公顷）.However，iftemperatureskeeprising，thisadvantagewilldisappear.Tenofthecountries，includingIndia，theworld'sbiggestproducerofbananas，willproducefewerbananas.By2050，thefruitmaydieout.Shouldn'tbananasgrowmoreeasilyifit'shotteroutside？Infact，theperfecttemperaturerange（范围）forgrowingbananasisbetween24℃and32℃.Iftemperaturesgettoohigh，theywillstopgrowing.Diseasesareanotherdangertobananas.Unlikeotherplants，thebananaswegrowcomefromshootcuttings（茎段）ratherthanseeds（种子）.Thismeansthatallbananaplantshavethesamegenotype（基因型）.Inotherwords，ifadiseaseisabletokilloneplant，itcouldkillthemall.OneseriousdiseaseiscalledPanama.Causedbyfungus（真菌）inthesoil，itspreadseasily.IthasspreadacrossSouthAsia，Africa，theMiddleEast，andAustralia.Ifonebananaplantationsuffersfromthedisease，itwilltake30yearsuntilitisabletogrowbananasagain.Scientistshaveyettofindacureforthisdisease.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"inParagraph2referto（指）？A．Abananatastesgreat.B．Abanana