高一英语同步训练：训练一WarmingUpandReading

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars训练一WarmingUpandReadingⅠ.写出下列单词的正确形式1．violence______(形容词）2．religious______（名词）3．like(prep.)______(反义词）4．harm______（形容词）5．astronomer______(名词：天文学)6．explode______（名词）7．disappear______(名词)8．global______(名词)9．develop______（名词）10．existence______（动词）Ⅱ。把下列短语译成英语或汉语1．inalldirections______2．______及时；迟早3．cooldown______4．______也,又；和……一样好5．layeggs______6．______产生；分娩7．inone'sturn______8．______阻止；制止9．asaresultof。。.______10．______依靠；取决于Ⅲ。单词拼写1．Asweclimbedupthemountain，thedangersanddifficulties______（增加）．2．Asolutionhasnotyetbeenfoundtothe______（基本的）problemsofindustrialrelations.3．Thegasgivenoffbyautomobilesish______topeople'shealth。4．Thepresent______（制度)ofeducationneedstobeimproved。5．Itseemsgoodint______，butitdoesn’tworkinpractice.6．Willyouhelpmewiththiscrosswordp______？Itgotmestumped.7．Thea______ofthecityisverymuchpolluted.8．Withthed______ofmodernagricultureandindustry,oureverydaylifehasimprovedalot。9．G______speaking，girlsarebetteratlearningtospeaklanguagesthanboys.10．TheChinesegovernmentdidverywellinp______SARSfromspreading.答案：Ⅰ。1.violent2.religion3。unlike4.harmful5。astronomy6.explosion7.disappearance8。globe9。development10.existⅡ。1。四面八方2。intime3。冷却下来;冷静4.aswellas5.下蛋6.givebirthto7.轮到某人；接着8.prevent。.。from9。由于10。dependonⅢ。1。multiplied2。fundamental3。harmful4。system5.theory6。puzzle7.atmosphere8。development9。Generally10.preventing课堂巩固Ⅰ。阅读HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH，回答下列问题1．Howwerestarsandotherbodiescreated？A．Atomscombinedtocreatethem。B．Cloudsofdustcombinedtocreatethem。C．Watercombinedtocreatethem.D．Gasescombinedtocreatethem。2．Whichisthemostimportantforlifeappearingontheearth?A．Fire.B．Rock.C．Water.D．Clouds.3．Itcanbeknownfromthepassagethat______。A．plantsandanimalsappearedontheearthatthesametimeB．plantsappearedlaterontheearththananimalsC．earlyshellfishappearedearlierthanplantsD．animalsappearedlaterontheearththanplants4．Howmanyyearsdiddinosaursexistontheearth?A．Morethan140billionyears。B．Morethan140millionyears。C．Morethan140thousandyears.D．Morethan140years。5．Whycantheearthbecometoohottoliveon？A．Smallcleveranimalsproducemoreheat.B．Smallcleveranimalsproducetoomuchcarbondioxide.C．Smallcleveranimalsdon'twantheattoescapefromtheearth。D．Smallcleveranimalsliketoliveinahotplanet。Ⅱ。用方框里短语的正确形式填空1．—Didyoucatchyourplane?—Yes，wegottherejust__________。2。Thedishtastesgoodafterit______.3．Wearerepairingtheroof______paintingthewalls。4．—Willyougofishingthisafternoon?-Well，itall______theweather.5．Laceyhasabackinjurythatmay__________her______playingintomorrow’sgame.6．Whenschoolbeganlastsummer，mostofusmet__________.7．Micescattered__________whenacatappeared.8．__________teamwork，theyfinishedthetaskaheadoftime。9．She__________afinehealthybabylastnightinthishospital。10．Thesoldiermanagedto__________theenemy’sprison。Ⅲ.选词填空(intime，ontime，innotime，atonetime，attimes,atanytime）1．—Whyareyouinahurrytoleavehere?—Togethome______tobathethechildren.2．Thesebusesarenever______andthepassengersarealwayscomplaining。3．WhileIamaway，pleasecallme______ifsomeonecomestoseeme.4．Youcan'timaginethislakeusedtobeabeautifulplaceinourprovince______.5．Herushedoutofthekitchen______whenheheardtheshout。6．______Isitsilentlyandwonderifthiskindofjobisworthalltheeffort.答案：Ⅰ.1.A2.C3.D4。B5。BⅡ.1.intime2。coolsdown3.aswellas4.dependson5.prevent；from6.forthefirsttime7.inalldirections8.Asaresultof9。gavebirthto10。escapefromⅢ.1.intime2.ontime3.atanytime4.atonetime5。innotime6。Attimes提示:intime“及时”；ontime“按时”；innotime“立即，马上"；atonetime“曾经”；attimes＝sometimes“有时”;atanytime“在任何时候”.基础达标Ⅰ.根据汉语提示完成句子1．__________（显而易见），ablindmanoughtnottodriveanautomobile。2．Whathedoes__________（与……大不相同)whathetellsme。3．Hisfewmaterialpossessions__________（使可能)forhimtomovefromplacetoplacewithease。4．Theheavyrain__________（阻止我们爬山)；atlastwehadtodecidedonanotherthing.5．Theboy__________（名叫汤姆的)hasjustarrivedandisgoingtostudyChineseinChina.答案：1。Itisobviousthat2。isquitedifferentfrom3。makeitpossible4.preventedus（from）climbingthehill5.calledTomⅡ.单项填空1．There______bealotoftreesinfrontofourclassroom，butnowtherearen’tany。A．wouldB．usedtoC．wasusedtoD．gotusedto答案：1。B本题考查词和短语的辨析.woulddo可以表示“过去常常做某事”；usedto意为“曾经”；be/getusedtosth./doingsth.意为“习惯于”。句意：过去我们的教室前有许多树，但现在没有了。2．Don'tshutthedoor______,please.A．videntB．violenceC．violentlyD．hardly答案：2．C修饰动词shut应用副词violently。3．（2009全国高考Ⅱ，13）Jennynearlymissedtheflight______doingtoomuchshopping.A．asaresultofB．ontopofC．infrontofD．inneedof答案：3．A句意：詹妮由于买了太多的东西差点误了飞机.asaresultof“由于，因为”；ontopof“在……之上，在……的上面;加之”；infrontof“在……前面”;inneedof“需要”.4．Thegirlhatedtheboybutlovedhim______.A．atthesametimeB．intimeC．atatimeD．ontime答案：4．A本题考查相关短语的辨析。atthesametime“同时”。句意：她恨那个男孩，但同时又爱他。intime“及时”；atatime“每次，一次”；ontime“按时”.5．ProfessorSmith，aswellashisassistants,______ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.A．workB．workingC．isworkingD．areworking答案：5．C本题考查主谓一致。句意:为了按时完工，史密斯教授和他的助手夜以继日的忙于这一工程。现在进行时可以表示目前这一阶段正在干的事。aswellas连接主语时谓语动词的单复数跟前面的主语保持一致,故用isworking.6．Someanimalsusetheircolorsto______themselvesfrom______.A．prevent;hurtingB．protect；hurtC．protect；beinghurtD．prevent;hurt答案：6．C动词的用法区别。preventsb。fromdoingsth。“阻止某人做某事”；protectsb。fromdoingsth。“保护某人免于……";两种结构中的from为介词，后面跟名词、代词或动名词，排除B、D两项；动词hurt与其逻辑主语themselves之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词表被动。句意:有些动物利用自身的颜色保护自己免受伤害。7．Weare______happytohearofthesuccessofourteam。A．enoughB．morethanC．manymoreD．muchmany答案：7．B“morethan＋形容词/副词/动词”这种形式用来表示被修饰的形容词、副词或动词的强烈程度,其目的是为了加强语气，意思是“非常;岂止；极其”。enough修饰形容词、副词需放在它们的后面;manymore用于修饰可数名词；没有muchmany这种用法。8．It______thatthemanagerwascontentwithwhatwehaddone。A．appearedB．lookedC．seemsD．appears答案：8．A本题考查动词的用法区别。look，seem，appear都可以作“看起来”解。seem和appear都可以构成Itseems/appearsthat.。。结构，look则不能.A、C、D三项中只有appear和that从句的时态相吻合，故A项为正确选项。9．Itis______Tomtodrinksomuch;Iwonderifhe'sallright。A．likeB．likelyC．unlikeD．unlikely答案：9．C由下文的“我怀疑他是否正常”可知应用unlike，表示“不像”。10．Thecamera（相机）isn't______。Itstill______whereI______itamonthago。A．missed；lies；layB．missing；lies;laidC．gone;lays；laidD．lost；lays;lay答案：10．B第一个空表示“丢了"，B、C、D三项均可，missed不能表示此意，故排除A项；第二个空lie表示“位于”，而lay表示“放置"，至此C、D两项也可以排除掉了.第三空lay是及物动词，意为“放置”,表此意义时lay的过去式为laid.11．Shopsshould______opentilllateintheevening。A．beremainedB．remainC．leaveD．keeps答案:11．Bremain作系动词时后接形容词、分词、名词、介词短语等，构成系表结构，表示“(继续)保持，仍然处于某种状态”。A、D两项动词形式不对；C项用作使役动词缺少对象，要说成Shopsshouldbeleftopen。..在语法上才对。12．Myideaisdifferent______yours,thatistosay，Idon'tallow______here.A．from；smokingB．in；smokingC．of;tosmokeD．from；tosmoke答案：12.Abedifferentfrom..。和allowdoingsth.都是固定短语。13．Wecan'tcontinuetopretendthattheproblemofhomelessnessdoesn't______inthiscity。A．existB．liveC．beD．survive答案：13．Aexist“在存";live“生活；居住”；be“是"；survive“幸存”。句意：我们不能继续妄称城市里不存在无家可归的问题了。14．Atlast，Imadeupmymindtospeakthetruth______ofthewholeclass.A．inthepresentB．atthepresentC．inthepresenceD．atthepresence答案：14．Cpresent作名词表示“目前，现在”，atpresent＝now;inthepresenceof.。。意思是“在……面前”。句意：最后，我决定在全体同学面前说出真相。15．Theyhada______quarrelandJohnstormedout.A．violentB．cruelC．strongD．harmful答案:15．Aviolent“激烈的”；cruel“残忍的，残酷的”；strong作“激烈的”讲时常形容感情；harmful“有害的”.句意：他们大吵了一架,约翰气冲冲地离开了。综合提升Ⅲ。完形填空Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteors(流星)butalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphereagainacts__1__ourprotectiveblanketon__2__。Lightgetsthrough，andthisisessential__3__plantstomakethefoodwhichwe__4__.Heat，__5__，makesourenvironmentstolerableandsomeultraviolet（紫外线的）rayspenetratethe__6__。Cosmic（宇宙的)raysofvariouskindscome__7__theairfromouterspace，but__8__quantitiesofradiationfromthesunarescreenedoff。__9__menleavetheatmospheretheyare__10__tothisradiation;__11__theirspacesuitsorthewallsoftheirspacecraft,iftheyareinside,__12__preventalotofradiationdamage。Radiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersin__13__.Dosesofradiationaremeasuredin__14__called“rems(雷目）”．Weall__15__radiationhereonearthfromthesun,fromcosmicraysandfromradioactiveminerals。The“__16__"doseofradiationthatwereceiveeachyearisabouttwomillirems；it__17__accordingtowhereyoulive，andthisisaveryroughestimate。Scientistshavereasontothink__18__amancan__19__farmoreradiation__20__withoutbeingdamaged；thefigureof60remshasbeenagreed。1．A.forB．withC．onD．as2．A.starsB．sunC．earthD．space3．A。withB．fromC．underD．for4．A。useB．liveC．eatD．get5．A。againB．alsoC．besidesD．too6．A.environmentB．spaceC．atmosphereD．earth7．A.acrossB．toC．fromD．through8．A.validB．enormousC．variousD．proper9．A.AssoonasB．AswellasC．AsmuchasD．Aspossibleas10．A。shownB．exposedC．facedD．covered11．A。butB．becauseC．soD．sothat12．A。getB．makeC．haveD．do13．A。earthB．atmosphereC．spaceD．environment14．A.piecesB．unitsC．partsD．elements15．A。receiveB．acceptC．bringD．catch16．A。conventionalB．commonC．generalD．normal17．A。shiftsB．convertsC．modifiesD．varies18．A。whatB．whichC．thatD．why19．A。putupwithB．keepupwithC．comeupwithD．catchupwith20．A。fromB．thanC．asD．away答案:1.Dactas“充当，起……作用”；actfor“代表，代理"；acton“按照”。本句意为：大气层起到保护伞的作用.2．C由上题可知大气层起到保护伞的作用，保护的应该是地球.故选C项.3．Dbeessentialfor“对……来说是首要的、基础的”，固定搭配。4．C由题意可知植物依靠阳光来制造我们吃的食物，故选C项。5．D本句意为：热也能使我们的生产环境温度适宜，紫外线可以穿透大气。also一般紧跟动词;besides一般用在句前；too可用在句中，用逗号隔开。6．C根据上题所讲,penetrate这个动词后面应接atmosphere“大气”这个名词。7．D这里的comethrough相当于penetrate，“穿透”。comeacross“偶遇”；cometo“来到”；comefrom“来自”。本句意为：各类来自外部空间的宇宙射线穿透大气层……，故选comethrough。8．Bvalid“有效的”；various“各种各样的”；proper“合适的"。在四个选项中只有enormous表示“大量的”。9．Aassoonas“一……就……”;aswellas“除……之外"；asmuchas“和……一样多”;aspossibleas“尽可能的”。本句意为:人类一离开大气层就会接触到射线。故选A项。10．Bbeexposedto“暴露于”，show“展示"；face“面对”；cover“覆盖，涉及，包含”。根据句意应选B项。11．A本句前半句的意思是：人们一离开大气层就会接触射线；后半句意思是：他们的太空服和太空船会阻止射线造成的损害。前后应该是转折关系,故用but.12．Ddo＋动词原形的结构表示强调谓语动词。13．C由radiation和explorers可推测，应选space（太空）。本句意为：射线是探险者在太空遇见的已知的最大危险。14．Bunit“单位、单元”；element“元素”；part“部分”；piece“碎片"。本句意为：射线的多少可以以雷目这个测量单位测量。15．Areceive表示客观收到；accept表示主观接受。我们受到的辐射并非主观接受。16．Dconventional“传统的”;common“共同的，普通的”；general“一般的,总体的”;normal“正常的”。本句意为：我们每年接受的正常辐射量大约为2毫雷目。故选normal。17．Dshift“移动”;convert“转换”;modify“修改”；vary“变化"。本句句意：所处地点不同,所受辐射量也不一样……，故选varies。18．C本句应填入引导宾语从句的代词，而从句不缺少主语和宾语,因而不选择what和which，加之主句是陈述语气，故选择that。19．Aputupwith“忍受”，固定搭配。keepupwith和catchupwith意为“跟上”,comeupwith意为“提出”。20．B与前面的more相对应。Ⅳ。阅读表达Ifthesunhasenoughpowertowarmandlightthewholeearth,itmusthaveenoughpowertodootherthings，too.Canweusethesun’sabundantenergytosupplyelectricity，oratleasttoperformthefunctionswhichelectricityorothertypesofpowerusuallyperform?Theanswerisyes.Forexample,peoplehaveformanyyearsbeenusingthereflectedheatofthesuntocook.Solarcookershavebeenbuiltwithseveralcurved(弯曲）mirrorsreflectingthesunandfocusingitsheatonthecookingcomponent.This_equipment_can_be_used_just_like_a_gas_or_electric_stove;it_is_more_expensive_to_make_but_it_does_not_need_any_fuel，and_so_costsnothing_to_use。Anotherpossibilityofusingsolarenergyisinhouseheating。Theformofenergyweusemostiselectricity，andeverydaymoreisneeded.Butelectricityhastobemade，too，andtomakeit______arerequired-oil，gasandnowadaysevenuranium（铀)．Thequestionwhichworrieseveryonetodayis：howlongwillthesefuelslast？Nobodyknowsitforsure,butmostexpertsthinkitwillsoonbedifficulttoobtainsufficientelectricityfromthesesources.Itispossiblethatthesuncanmakeacontributionhere,too。Solarpowerhasalreadybeenusedtoproduceterrificheat.InSouthernFranceasolarfurnace(hugestove)hasbeenbuilt，wheretemperaturesreachmorethan3000℃。Thisfurnaceisonlyusedforexperimentsatpresent，butcouldbeusedtoproducestreamforapowerstation.1．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage？（Pleaseanswerwithin10words.）__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________