专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷28（共198题）

专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷28（共

9套）

（共198题）

专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷第1套

一、选择题（本题共14题，每题1.0分，共分。）

Inlastweek'sTribune,therewasaninterestingletterfromMr.J.StewartCook,inwhich

hesuggestedthatthebestwayofavoidingthedangerofa"scientifichierarchy"wouldbe

toseetoitthateverymemberofthegeneralpublicwas,asfaraspossible,scientifically

educated.Atthesametime,scientistsshouldbebroughtoutoftheirisolationand

encouragedtotakeagreaterpartinpoliticsandadministration.Asageneralstatement,I

thinkmostofuswouldagreewiththis,butInoticethat,asusual,Mr.Cookdoesnot

definescience,andmerelyimpliesinpassingthatitmeanscertainexactscienceswhose

experimentscanbemadeunderlaboratoryconditions.Thus,adulteducationtends"to

neglectscientificstudiesinfavorofliterary,economicandsocialsubjects'*,economics

andsociologynotbeingregardedasbranchesofscience,apparently.Thispointisof

greatimportance.Forthewordscienceisatpresentusedinatleasttwomeanings,butthe

wholequestionofscientificeducationisobscuredbythecurrenttendencytododgefrom

onemeaningtotheother.Scienceisgenerallytakenasmeaningeithcr（a）theexact

sciences,suchaschemistry,physics,etc.,or（b）amethodofthoughtwhichobtains

verifiableresultsbyreasoninglogicallyfromobservedfact.Ifyouaskanyscientist,or

indeedalmostanyeducatedperson,"Whatisscience?"youarelikelytogetananswer

approximatingto（b）.Ineverydaylife,however,bothinspeakingandinwriting,when

peoplesaynscience"theymean（a）.Sciencemeanssomethingthathappensinalaboratory:

test-tubes,balances,Bunsenburners,microscopes.Abiologist,anastronomer,perhapsa

psychologistoramathematician,isdescribedasa"manofscience":noonewouldthink

ofapplyingthistermtoastatesman,apoet,ajournalistorevenaphilosopher.Andthose

whotellusthattheyoungmustbescientificallyeducatedmean,almostinvariably,that

theyshouldbetaughtmoreaboutradioactivity,orthestars,orthephysiologyoftheir

ownbodies,ratherthanthattheyshouldbetaughttothinkmoreexactly.Thisconfusion

ofmeaning,whichispartlydeliberate,hasinitagreatdanger.Impliedinthedemandfor

morescientificeducationistheclaimthatifonehasbeenscientificallytrainedone's

approachtoallsubjectswillbemoreintelligentthanifonehadhadnosuchtraining.A

scientist'spoliticalopinions,itisassumed,hisopinionsonsociologicalquestions,on

morals,onphilosophy,perhapsevenonthearts,willbemorevaluablethanthoseofa

layman.Buta"scientist",aswehavejustseen,meansinpracticeaspecialistinoneofthe

exactsciences.Itfollowsthatachemistorphysicist,assuch,ispoliticallymore

intelligentthanapoetoralawyer.And,infact,therearealreadymillionsofpeoplewho

dobelievethis.Butisitreallytruethata"scientist",inthisnarrowersense,isanylikelier

thanotherpeopletoapproachnon-scientificproblemsinanobjectiveway?Thereisnot

muchreasonforflunkingso.Takeonesimpletest-theabilitytowithstandnationalism.

Itisoftenlooselysaidthat"Scienceisinternational",butinpracticethescientific

workersofallcountrieslineupbehindtheirowngovernmentswithfewerscruplesthan

arefeltbythewritersandtheartists.TheGermanscientificcommunity,asawhole,made

noresistancetoHitler.Therewereplentyofgiftedmentodothenecessaryresearchon

suchthingsassyntheticoil,jetplanes,rocketprojectilesandtheatomicbomb.Onthe

otherhand,whathappenedtoGermanliteraturewhentheNaziscametopower?Ibelieve

noexhaustivelistshavebeenpublished,butIimagine(hatthenumberofGerman

scientists-Jewapart—whovoluntarilyexiledthemselvesorwerepersecutedbythe

regimewasmuchsmallerthanthenumberofwritersandjournalists.Moresinisterthan

this,anumberofGermanscientistsswallowedthemonstrosityof"racialscience".But

docsthismeanthatthegeneralpublicshouldnotbemorescientificallyeducated?Onthe

contrary!Allitmeansisthatscientificeducationforthemasseswilldolittlegood,and

probablyalotofharm,ifitsimplyboilsdowntomorephysics,morechemistry,more

biology,etc.tothedetrimentofliteratureandhistory.Itsprobableeffectontheaverage

humanbeingwouldbetonarrowtherangeofhisthoughtsandmakehimmorethanever

contemptuousofsuchknowledgeashedidnotpossess:andhispoliticalreactionswould

probablybesomewhatlessintelligentthanthoseofanilliteratepeasantwhoretaineda

fewhistoricalmemoriesandafairlysoundaestheticsense.Clearly,scientificeducation

oughttomeantheimplantingofarational,skeptical,experimentalhabitofmind.Itought

tomeanacquiringamethod-amethodthatcanbeusedonanyproblemthatone

meets—andnotsimplypilingupalotoffacts.Putitinthosewords,andtheapologistof

scientificeducationwillusuallyagree.Presshimfurther,askhimtoparticularize,and

somehowitalwaysturnsoutthatscientificeducationmeansmoreattentiontotheexact

sciences,inotherwords—morefacts.Theideathatsciencemeansawayoflookingatthe

world,andnotsimplyabodyofknowledge,isinpracticestronglyresisted.Ithinksheer

professionaljealousyispartofthereasonforthis.

1、Weknowfromthesecondparagraphthattheauthorconsidersthepresentdefinition

oftheword"science".

A、ambiguous

B、ambivalent

C^questionable

D、inappropriate

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推断题。第二段第二至四句指出，成人教育往往会“忽视那些有利于

文学、经济学和社会学科的研究”，很显然，经济学和社会学并没有被看作是科学

的分支。这一点非常重要。“科学”这个词至少有两重意思，但是目前这种只重视一

种含义而回避另一种含义的趋势使得整个科学教育的问题变得含混不清。可见，作

者认为“科学”的定义含混不清，故［A］为答案。

2、Whenpeoplearetalkingaboutscience,theymayNOTreferlo.

A^physics

B、physiology

C、philosophy

D、psychology

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。第四段第四句指出，生物学家、天文学家或者心理学家、数

学家都可以被称为“科学工作者”，但没有人会想把这个称呼用在政治家、诗人、记

者乃至于哲学家身上。由此可知，日常生活中，人们不认为哲学属于科学的范畴，

物理学虽然没有明确提及，但它是基于实验基础的学科，显然也属于人们通常认为

的科学范畴，故选［0。

3、WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTasregardsscientists?

A、Manypeopleassumethatscientistscandowellinhandlingpoliticalaffairs.

B、Germanscientistsdidresearchonatomicbombs.

C、Generallypeopledon'tregardaneconomistasascientist.

D、Scientistspreferlaboratoryworktoadministration.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。第五段最后两句指出，那么接下去的推论就是，一个化学家

或物理学家，或者其他类似的科学家在政治上要比诗人或律师更有智慧。事实上，

已经有数以百万计的人对此深信不疑，故［A］符合文意：第六段最后一句指出，始

终有许多才俊之士在对合成油料、喷气飞机、火箭和原子弹之类做必要的研究，故

［B］符合文意；第二段第二句指出，成人教育往往会“忽视那些有利于文学、经济学

和社会学科的研究”，很显然，经济学和社会学并没有被看作是科学的分支，故［C］

符合文意。只有［D］在文中没有提及，故为答案。

4、TheauthorcontrastsGermansciencewithGermanliteraturetosupporthisviewpoint

that,.

Germanliteraturehaslongbeenpersecutedbythegovernment

B、writersarethemostdisruptiveforceofagovernment

C^scientistsaremoreinclinedtosupporttheirgovernmentsthanwriters

D、Germanscientistsshouldnotbeonthesideoftheracists

标准答案：c

知识点。析：推断题。第六段第四句指出，人们常笼统地说“科学无国界“，但实际

上，所有国家的科学工作者比起作家和艺术家而言，在追随本国政府方面顾忌更

少。显然在随后两段中作者阐述德国科学家和艺术家的例子是为了说明上面的观

点，故［C］为答案。虽然第七段中提到了德国文学家受到迫害，但这是支持观点的

细节，而非观点，因此排除［A］；［B］虽然属于观点，但不是作者在将德国科学家和

文学家进行对比论述时支持的论点，故排除；同理可以排除［D］。

5、Thepassagecanbebestsummarizedas.

A、contrastingsciencewithliterature

B>explainingwhatscienceis

C>givingabetterdefinitionofscience

D^pointingoutpeople'smisunderstandingofscience

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨题。开篇以一封来信指出目前“科学”一词至少有两重意思，在给

出“科学”的两个定义后，阐释常人对科学定义的错误认识，这种错误认识包含极大

的危险，普通大众应该得到更多的科学教育，但科学教育不能仅落脚于削弱文学和

历史而强化物理、化学和生物等。科学教育应当是指培养一种理性的、怀疑的、实

验的思维习惯。显然全文的焦点在于科学的定义，通过具体阐述什么是科学，给出

自己的建议，故|B|为答案。［Ah|D］都是文章的部分内容，不全面；文中说人们

对科学的两个定义认识不清，并没说定义本身有问题，排除［C］。

AsIwrite,agentle,muchneededrainisfallingthismorning.Ithasbeenadryspring

hereinVermont.Sodryinfact,thattheSpringPeeperswerelateenoughincomingthat

manythoughtthattheseamazinglittlefrogswouldfailtoblessuswiththeirsongthis

year.Buttheycame,andIcan'tfaultthemforbeingtardy.Inalmostanyseasonal

wetlandinthestatethesefrogscanbeheard.Theyareasignofspring,andofrebirthand

renewal.IlislateJuneandthemountainsnowhasleftihehigherslopesofthemouniains.

Folkshaveplantedtheirgardens,eventhoughthereisstillthethreatoffrost.Yes,itis

almostJuly,yetintheeveningshere,thethermometercanstillsometimesclipintothe

low-thirtiesthistimeofyear.Myfamilyplantedourgardenduringthelastweekendof

May,andfrostcametwicesincethen,luckilynotakillingfrost.Butotherswerenotso

lucky.Thereisaveryambitiousgardenerinthevillagethatlostmostofhisnon-hardy

plantsthisyear.Thereisasawinthisstate:*'ifyoudon'tliketheweather,waitfive

minutes."Thisspringhasdemonstratedthevalidityofthisoldsaying.Twicethisspring

ithasbeenwarmenoughinthedaythatmyfamilywentswimming,buttherewasfrost

onthegroundthenextmorning.Ienjoythejuxtapositionofthevagariesoftheclimate

andthesteadyrhythmsoflifehere.Folkshavebeentendingtothechoresofspringfor

generations,knowingfullwellthattheyreallycan'tdependuponthehandthatnaturewill

dealthem.PlantingagardeninVermontamountstoanactoffaith.Willoursweatand

toilberewardedbyabundanceenoughtosharewithourfriendsandextendedfamilies,or

willakillingfrostrendertheseeffortsexercisesinfutility?AndIhaveplantedmorethan

agardenthisyear.Myfamilywasrecentlyfacedwithatoughdecision,doweleavethis

placeandthepeoplewhomwehavecometoknowandlove,ordowestayandmakea

commitment?Well,wehavedecidedthatthisiswherewewillmakeourstand.Along

withourlittlegarden,thisyearwehaveplantedourselves.Andthisisnolessanactof

faiththantheonementionedabove.Willmyfamilybeblessedwiththatwhichisneeded

togrowandflourish.Wehavenowayofknowingthis.,.butwcdohavefaith.Therain

hasstoppedandthesunisshining.Strongwindshaveblownthecloudcoveraway.Itisa

beautifulday.Vermontgardening.Thereisanothersayingamongfarmershere:"thereis

nobetterfertilizerthanafarmer'sfootprints.nTomethismeansthatwhichisplanted

mustberevisitedoften.Thegardenmustbenurturedandtended.Itmustbecaredfor

withlove.Itseemstomethatthisappliestoourlivesaswell.Hopesanddreamsand

aspirationsmustberevisitedoftenlestwelosesightofthethingsthatarereallyimportant

tous.Commitmentsmustbetendedtoascarefullyasanygardenplot.Butaswith

gardening,therearcnoguarantees.Butthereisfaith,andtodayisabeautifulday.

6、Inthesecondparagraph,theauthorseemstoindicatethat.

A>peopleshouldn'thaveplantedtheirgardensinJune

B、hewasnotluckytohavemissedakillingfrost

C、thepresenttemperatureseemstobealittlelowerthanusual

D、heregretsthathedidn'tbelieveintheoldsaying

标准答案：c

知识点3析：推断题。第二段第三句指出，虽然快到七月份了，但是在这个季节，

晚上的温度有时仍然会降到华氏3U度以下。由此可以判断这里在暗示''现在的气温

比正常情况低”，故答案为［0。该段第二句指出，尽管面临霜冻的威胁，人们还是

在继续种植花园，因此排除［A］；［B］”他不走运，没有躲开一次大霜冻”，与原文意

思相反，故排除；第二段倒数第三句提到了一句古老的谚语，作者肯定了该谚语的

正确性，但没有表达后悔之意，故排除［D］。

7、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsplantinggardensisallofthefollowing

EXCEPT.

A、joyful

R、hopeful

C^realistic

D、ecstatic

标准答案：D

知识点解析：态度题。第三段首句指出，作者很享受这里变化无常的气候与稳定的

生活节奏并存的情形。由此可知，作者对在佛蒙特州种植花园感到快乐，故排除

［A］；第三段第二句指出，人们世世代代习惯了春天的劳作，完全知道他们不能仅

仅依赖自然赋予的运气。由此可知，作者对种植花园的态度非常务实，故排除

IC］；第四段最后四句描写到，雨停了，艳阳高照，风吹散了积云。这是美好的一

天，适合在佛蒙特州种植花园。由此可知，作者内心对种植庭园充满了希望，故排

除［B］。［D/欣喜若狂的”属于过度推断，故为答案。

8、Inthepassage,islikenedtoplantingagarden.

A、fulfillingambition

B、makingacontribution

C、havingfaith

D、offeringaguarantee

标准答案：A

知识点脑析：推断题。末段中间指出，花园需要培育和护理，需要关爱。作者认

为，这也适用于我们的生活。我们必须时常温习自己的希望、梦想、抱负，以免忽

略了生活中那些对我们来说重要的东西。可见，作者将实现人生理想的过程比作种

植花园,故答案为［A］,排除［C］和［D］。末段提到了“commitment（承诺户,但没有提

到“contribution"，排除［B］。

Afterthirtyyearsofmarriedhappiness,hecouldstillremindhimselfthatVictoriawas

endowedwitheverycharmexceptthethrillingtouchofhumanfrailty.Thoughher

perfectiondiscouragedpleasures,especiallythepleasuresoflove,hehadlearnedintime

tofeeltheprideofahusbandinhernaturalfrigidity.Forhestillclung,amidthedecayof

moralplatitudes,tothediscreditedidealofchivalry.Inhisyouththeworldwassuffused

withtheafter-glowofthelongVictorianage,andagracefulfemininestylehadsoftened

themanners,ifnotthenatures,ofmen.Attheendofthatinterestingepoch,when

womanhoodwasexaltedfromabiologicalfactintoamiraculouspower,Virginius

littlcpage,theyoungersonofanoldandaffluentfamily,hadmarriedVictoriaBrooke,

thegranddaughterofatobaccoplanter,whohadmadeasatisfactoryfortunebyforsaking

hisplantationandconvertingtobaccointocigarettes.WhileVirginiushadbeentrainedby

sterntraditiontorespecteverywomanwhohadnotstoopedtofolly,thevirtuepeculiarto

hersexwasamongtheleastofhisreasonsforadmiringVictoria.Shewasnotonly

modest,whichwasusualinthenineties,butshewasbeautiful,whichisunusualinany

decade.Inthebeginningoftheiracquaintancehehadgoneevenfurtherandascribed

intellecttoher:butafewmonthsofmarriagehadshownthistobemerelyoneofthe

manydelusionscreatedbyperfectfeaturesandnobleexpression.Evciythingabouther

hadbeensmoothanddefinite,eventhetonesofhervoiceandthewayherlightbrown

hair,whichsheworeaPompadour,wasrolledstifflybackfromherforeheadandcoiled

inaburnishedropeonthetopofherhead.Aseriousyoungman,ambitioustoattaina

placeintheworldmorebrilliantthanthesecludedseatofhisancestors,hehadbeen

impressedattheirfirstmeetingbythecompactnessandprecisionofVictoria'sorderly

mind.Forinthatearnestperiodtheminds,aswellastheemotions,ofloverswere

orderly.ItwasanagewheneageryoungmenflockedtochurchonSundaymorning,and

eloquentdivinesdiscoursedupontheVictorianpoetsinthemiddleoftheweek.Hecould

affordtosmilenowwhenherecalledthesolemnBrowningclassinwhichhehadfirst

losthisheart.HowpassionatelyhehadadmiredVictoria'svirginalfeatures!How

ferventlyhehadenviedhercompetentbutcaressingwaywiththepoet!Incredibleasit

seemedtohimnow,hehadfalleninlovewithherwhilesherecitedfromthemore

ponderouspassagesinTheRingandtheBook.Hehadfalleninlovewithherthen,

thoughhehadneverreallyenjoyedBrowning,andithadbeenarelieftohimwhenthe

Unseen,incompanywithitsillustriouspoet,hadatlastgoneoutoffashion.Yet,sincehe

wasdisposedtoadmireallthequalitieshedidnotpossess,hehadneverceasedtorespect

thefirmnesswithwhichVictoriacontinuedtodealinotherformswiththeAbsolute.As

theplacidyearspassed,andshecametorelylessuponhervirginalfeatures,itseemedto

himthattheripeopinionsofheryouthbegantoshrinkandflattenasfruitdoesthathas

hungtoolongonthetree.Shehadneverchanged,herealized,sincehehadfirstknown

her:shehadbecomemerelyriper,softer,andsweeterinnature.Heradvantagerested

whereadvantageneverfailstorest,inmoralfervour.Tobeinvariablyrightwasher

singlewifelyfailing.Forhiswife,hesighed,withthevagueunrestofahusbandwhose

infidelitiesareimaginary,wasagenuinelygoodwoman.Shewasasfarremovedfrom

pretenceasshewasfromtheposturingvirtuesthatflourishinthecredulousworldofthe

drama.Thepityofitwasthateventheleastexactinghusbandshouldsooftendesire

somethingmorepiquantthangoodness.

9、WhenBrowning'spoembecameunpopular,Virginiusfelt.

A、sympathyforit

B、pityforit

C^freefromit

D^annoyedatit

标准答案：c

知识点。析：细节题。第三段第二句指出，尽管他从来没有真正喜欢过布朗宁的

诗，他还是在那时爱上了她。当这个杰出的诗人与他的诗《幽冥》终于不再时兴的

时候，他感到如释重负般的轻松。故［C］为答案。

10、Virginiuswouldfeelmoreorlessguiltywhenhe.

A、begantodishkcVictoria^features

B、thoughtaboutVictoria'sperfection

C^fanciedbeingdisloyaltoVictoria

D、triedtofindfaultwithVictoria

标准答案：c

知识点.析：细节题。末段第三句指出，臆想对妻子有不忠行为的丈夫总会有些惴

惴不安，正是带着这种不安，他叹息道，他的妻子是一个真正的好女人。故［C］为

答案。倒数第二段首句指出，随着平静岁月的流逝，维多利亚美丽的容颜开始衰

退。但是作者并未指明她丈夫开始嫌弃她，故排除［A］；虽然弗吉尼亚斯认为“作为

妻子，她唯一的缺点就是能在任何时候都不做错事'、，但是在这样想的时候，他没

有罪恶感，因此排除［B］和［D］。

11、Theword"piquant"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans

A、interesting

B、adventurous

C^lofty

D、unusual

标准答案：A

知识点解析：语义题「开篇指出.经过了30年的幸福婚姻生活之后.他仍能时常

提醒自己，妻子维多利亚除了缺乏那么一点点令人心动的人性脆弱以外，几乎拥有

一切美妙的品质。尽管她的完美减少了他们生活的乐趣，尤其是爱情的乐趣，然而

经过长时间的生活，作为丈夫，他渐渐为她天性中的保守感到自豪。末段最后一句

是对首句的呼应：然而遗憾的是，即使是最不苛刻的丈夫也时常会渴望一点

piquant的东西，而不仅仅是善良。从前面可以看出维多利亚缺少的是能让人感到

有趣的东西，故推测“piquant”的含义为“有趣的"，［A］为答案。

Whomcanyoutrustthesedays?ItisaquestionposedbyDavidHalpernofCambridge

University,andtheresearchersattheDowningStreetStrategyUnitwhotakeaninterest

in"socialcapital".Atintervalstheygoaroundaskingpeopleinassortednationsthe

question:"Generallyspeaking,wouldyousaythatmostpeoplecanbetrusted?'*The

resultsarefascinating.Theconclusionthatleapsfromthefiguresandintosensational

headlinesisthatsocialdislocation,religiousdecline,publicscandals,family

fragmentationandthefearofcrimehavemadeuslesstrusting.Comparativesurveysover

40yearssuggestthatBritishtrustfulnesshashalved:inthe1950s60percentofus

answered"yes,mostpeoplecanbetrusted",inthe1980s44percent,todayonly29

percent.TrustlevelsalsocontinuetofallinIrelandandtheU.S.—meanwhile,the

Norwegians,Swedes,DanesandDutchexpresstremendousconfidenceinoneanother's

probity:levelsareactuallyrising.AndthePalmed'Orforparanoidmutualsuspiciongoes

totheBrazilians—withlessthan3percentreplying"yes"—andtheTurkswith6.5

percent.TheFrench,apparently,nevertrustedoneanotherandstilldon't.Sowebecome

lessScandinavianandmoreFrench(orTurkish)everyyear.RegardingBritain,the

obviousconclusionsarebeingdrawn.Mr.Halpernandotherscitereasonswhyweappear

lesstrustful:thedemiseofthejob-for-lifeculture,risingdivorce,physicalmobility,

higherimmigration,anaggressivecommercialethicandthenewisolationofmassmedia.

"Youuseyourwealthtofreeyourselfoftheinconvenienceofotherpeople,"says

Halpern."Youensureyouhaveyourownhouse,andyoudon'tevenhavetowatchTV

withyourfamilybecauseyouhavefiveTVs."Thisisusefulresearch,butthereareafew

caveats.Thetroubleisthatyoumaynotgetaverythoughtfulanswerifyoumerelyask一

astheydidlastyear-whether"generallyspeaking,mostpeoplecanbetrusted".Forthe

Britishliketothinkofthemselvesascanny,savvy,nobody'sfools.Wehaveapowerful

cultureofsatireandahypercriticalmediawhichgleefullysplashnewsofeveryprivate

andpublicbetrayal,howevertrivial.Inourfantasylifewecourtparanoia,lappingup

crimethrillersandspynovels.Wearefascinatedbyrogues,fromChaucefsPardonerto

DelBoy.Wearebadatrisk-assessment,andrepeatedsurveysshowthatwefearcrime

farmorethanisjustified.Soweareconditionedtoclaimthatwedon'ttrustpeoplemuch.

AScandinavianorDutchmanisproudtoexpresstrustandaffectionforhisfellow-man(I

havejustbeensailingonaDutchshipforafortnightandtheprevailingopen-heartedness

makesanyBritonfeellikeScrooge).Ournationalpreferenceistopursethelips,shake

theheadandaffectanairofjudiciouscanniness.Butifyoulookattheactualdaily

workingsofBritishsocietythereisanastonishingdegreeofunquestioningtrustof

strangers,simplybecauseweareatechnologicalsociety.Theserespondentswhotellthe

researchersthat"generallyspeaking,peoplecannotbetrusted"areinfactblithelytrusting

distantstrangersalldaylong.Everytimeyougetonatrainorplaneyouputyourlifeinto

thehandsofunseenengineersanddesigners,drivers,pilotsandtrafficcontrollers.When

yougiveapasswordtoabankcallcentreyouarcdisplayingtrust:tappingyourcredit­

cardnumberontoanInternetsite,youaffirmtherectitudeofacompanyyouhavenever

seen,andrelyontheconscientiousnessofdistantsoftwaredesigners.Thelistofour

trustfulwaysgoesonandon.Twentyminutes'contemplationofthesimplescams

uncoveredbytheBBCWatchdogshouldsuggestthatratherthanlivinginastateof

constantsuspicion,inmanyareasoflifewearerelaxedtothepointofgullibility.Butask

thebaldquestion,andwethinkimmediatelyaboutthosewhopubliclyletusdown:

politicianswhobrokeelectionpromises,pensionfundsthatjeopardizedourfuturewhile

theirdirectorsswannedoffwithbonuses,starswhoturnedsleazy.Thisisnotentirely

healthy.Whatwesaywill,intheend,becomewhatwethink.U.S.evidenceisdenser

thanours,butbroadlyspeakingitisclearthattrustislinkedlonsocialcapital"一

networks,alliances,localsocieties,anythingthattakespeopleoutintocommonspaces.

ThereismuchdiscussionintheEnglish-speakingnationsabouthowto"rebuild"social

capital,butIwasgladtoseethatthe2002reportwasextremelycautiousabouttheability

ofpolicy-makerstochangethings.Thelastthingweneedisnagging.Ialsomuch

enjoyeditsworriedlittledigressionintothenegativesideofsocialcapital-old-boy

networks,micro-communitiesthatexcludeoutsiders,ethnicghettos,andsoforth.Mr.

Halpcrn*sbookwillcometomoreinformedconclusionsthanIcan:butmyowninstinct,

fromtheresearchandfromobservation,istodrawonlytwo.First,we'renotquiteas

cynicalaswesayweare,andnothinglikeascynicalasourmedia.Secondly,theworst

crisisoftrustisnotactuallybetweencitizens,butbetweencitizensandtheirgovernment

andinstitutions.Theremedyforthatisinthehandsofpoliticians,whooughttopolice

theirownambitionandgreedandthatoftheircorporatefriends.Interferencefromthetop

isalousyidea.Examplefromthetopwouldbemuchbetter.

12、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsHalpern'ssurveyisoneof

slightantipathy

B、blanketapproval

C、slightdisapproval

D^strongdisapproval

标准答案：C

知识点解析：态度题。第四段开头指出，这项调查的确是有益的，但是也需要做些

说明。问题在于如果像去年那样，调查时仅仅询问是否“总的来说，大部分人是可

以信任的“，人们的回答或许没有经过深思熟虑。由此可知，作者对哈珀恩调查的

态度总体上是肯定的，只是有些小小的质疑，故［C］为答案。

13、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutScandinaviansorBritonsisINCORRECT?

A、Scandinaviansaregenerallyfrankandopen.

B、Britonsarereluctanttoshowhospitality.

C^Britonspretendtobeshrewd.

D、Britonsprefersatiricalart.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。第五段第二句指出，斯堪的纳维亚人或荷兰人乐于对他的同

胞表示信任友爱，并引以为豪。故［A|正确；第四段第四句指出，我们有强大的讽

刺文化和吹毛求疵的媒体，他们愉快地大篇幅报道任何一次涉及私人或公众的欺骗

背叛。故［D］正确；笫五段木句指出，而我们英国人更喜欢撅撅嘴、摇摇头，假装

精明机智。故［C］正确；文章没有提及［B］,故为答案。

14、Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstosuggestallofthefollowingEXCEPT

that.

A、theBritishgovernmentshouldsetagoodexampleforcitizens

B、theBritishgovernmentshouldbearsomeresponsibilityforloweredtrustfulness

C^theBritishpeopleshouldlearntotrusttheirgovernmentmore

D、theBritishpeoplearen'tdistrustfulofeachother

标准答案：C

知识点解斤：推断题。末段指出，哈珀恩先生书中的结论会比作者的更有见地；但

通过上述的调研和自己的观察，作者本能地得出两个结论：第一，我们并没有像自

己所说的那么愤世嫉俗，更不像媒体那样冷嘲热讽；第二，最大的信任危机并不是

在民众之间，而存在于民众与政府以及各种公共机构之间。补救办法则掌握在各位

政客手中，他们应该控制一下自己以及企业界朋友的野心与贪欲。自上而下的干预

令人生厌，不过自上而下的表率会更有效。由此可知［A|、［B］和［D］都是作者的观

点，故排除。这里并没有号召人们学习信任政府，故［C］为答案。

二、简答题（本题共8题，每题7.0分，共8分。）

15、PASSAGEONE

标准答案:Theteachingofhistoryshouldn'tbeneglectedinscientificeducation.

知识点解析：由题干关键词定位到原文倒数第二段。该段前三句指出，这是否意味

着普通大众不应该接受更多的科学教育呢?恰恰相反!所有这一切意味着，如果科学

教育仅仅落脚于削弱文学和历史而强化物理、化学、生物等，那么大众科学教育将

会弊大于利。接下来进一步将没有历史知识的普通人和不识字但却有历史积淀和美

感的农民进行对比，其目的显然是为了说明科学教育中历史知识的教授不容忽视，

故答案是Theteachingofhistoryshouldiftbcncglcctcdinscientificeducation0

16、PASSAGETWO

标准答案：Becausetheweatherthereisnotagreeable.

知识点解析：由题干关键词定位到原文第一段。首段第三句指出，天气如此干燥，

以至于雨蛙都迟迟没有电现，使得许多人担心今年将不会听到这些神奇的小青蛙们

用美妙的歌声为他们祈福了。故答案是Becausetheweatherthereisnotagreeableo

PASSAGETHREE

17、WhatqualitiesdoesVictoriahaveinherhusband'seyes?

标准答案：Intelligence,beautyandhumbleness.

知识点解析•：首段末句指出：“她不仅谦虚—这在90年代很普遍，还非常美丽，

这在任何年代都不是那么常见的。”第二段首句提到，在他们认识之初，他甚至认

为她才智过人。可见，维多利亚在她丈夫眼里是聪明、漂亮、谦虚的，因此答案是

Intelligence,beautyandhumbleness<>

18、WhatimpressionofVirginiuscanwegetfromthepassage?

标准答案：Heisamanofhighaspiration.

知识点解析：第二段第三句提到，弗吉尼亚斯就是这样一个严肃的年轻人，他梦想

有翼一日能在世上取得辉煌的地位，以远胜于他默默无闻的祖先。由此可见，他是

有远大志向的，故答案为Hei$amanofhighaspirationo

19>WhatqualitydoesVirginiuslackaccordingtoParagraphThree?

标准答案：Firmness.

知识点解析：由题干关键词定位到第三段。该段最后一句指出，对维多利亚继续以

其他形式信奉绝对真理的坚定精神，他向来无比钦佩，因为他总是钦佩他不具备的

所有品质，据此可判断他不具有坚定的精神，因此答案为Firmness。

PASSAGEFOUR

20、Whatdoestheword"probity"inthesecondparagraphprobablymean?

标准答案：如legrity.

知识点解析：由题干关键词定位到第二段。该段第四句指出，在爱尔兰和美国，信

任度也在持续下降；而与此同时，挪威人、瑞典人、丹麦人以及荷兰人却对相互间

的“probity”表现出极大的信心：他们的信任度在上升。由此可知，这里作者是将

美、英等国的信任度降低和北欧人的信任度提高进行对比。根据常识，能够让人们

之间互相信任的品质应该是“正直诚信”，故答案是Integrityo

21、WhatdoestheauthorwanttoexpressbysayingthattheBritisharelappingupcrime

thrillersandspynovels?

标准答案:TheBritishdon'ttrustpeoplemuchinfantasylife.

知识点解析：由题干关键词定位到第四段。该段最后三句指出：在我们幻想的生活

中，我们喜好偏执妄想，偏爱犯罪惊悚片和间谍小说。从乔叟笔下的忏悔者到热播

喜剧中的人物德尔小子，这些流氓恶棍形象令我们入迷。我们不善于做风险评估，

一次次的调查表明，我们对犯罪行为的恐惧远远超出了正常合理的范围。由此可

知，英国人习惯了不相信他人，所以他们对于勾心斗角的犯罪片和间谍小说比较热

衷。另外，第五段的第一句也承接第四段明确提到了这点，“我们习惯了大声宣称

自己不太信任他人“，所以答案是TheBritishdon'ttrustpeoplemuchinfantasylifeo

22、What'sthecharacteroftheBritishaccordingtotheauthor?

标准答案：Theytendtobecredulous.

知识点解析：由题干关键词定位到第六段。该段最后两句指出，我们表达信任的方

式数不胜数。花20分钟想想英国广播公司的《消费者监察人》节目中揭露的那些

欺骗消费者的伎俩就会发现，大家并没有一直生活在怀疑之中；相反，在生活的很

多方面，我们松懈到了轻信的程度。故答案是Theytendtobecredulouso

专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷第2套

一、常规阅读理解（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共2。

分。）

TheU.S.economyhasbeendraggingalonglately,buthere'sasmallshotinthearm.

Gasolinepriceshavefallentotheirlowestlevelin33months.Theaveragepriceof

gasolinenationwidehasdroppedfrom$3.74pergalloninFebruaryto$3.19today.In

stateslikeMissouriandTexas,gasolinehassunkbelovz$3pergallonatthepump,a

pricenotseeninyears.Economiststendtothinkafallingasolinepricescanhelp

stimulatetheeconomybygivingpeoplemoremoneytospendonothergoods.Thinkofit

likeataxcut.Earlierthismonth,theforecastingfirmMacroec