专升本英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷34

专升本英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷34

一、阅读理解（本题共25题，每题7.0分，共25分。）

Itisveryinterestingtonotewherethedebateaboutdiversity（多样化）istakingplace.Itis

takingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles.HereattheCollegeFund,wehavealotof

contactwithtopcorporate（公司的）leaders;noneofthemistalkingaboutgettingridof

thoseinstrumentsthatproducediversity.Infact,theysaythatiftheircompaniesareto

competeintheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace,diversityisanimperative.

Theyalsosaythattheneedfortalented,skilledAmericansmeanswchavetoexpandthe

poolofpotentialemployees.Andinlookingatwherebirthratearegrowingandatwheie

ihepopulalionisshilling,corporateAmericaunderslandsIhalexpandingthepoolmeans

Dromotingpoliciesihalhelpprovideskillstomoreminorilies,morewomen,andmore

immigrants.Corporateleadersknowthatifthatdoesn'toccurinoursociety,theywill

nothavetheengineers,thescientists,thelawyers,orthebusinessmanagerstheywill

need.Likewise,Idon'thearpeopleintheacademysaying,"Let'sgobackward.Let'Lgo

backtoihegoodolddays,whenwehadameritocracy（不拘一格选人才）"，whichwas

neverUue-weneverhadameritocracy、althoughwe'vecomedosertoilinihelasl30

years.IrecentlyvisitedagreatlittlecollegeinNewYorkwherethecampushasdoubled

itsminoritypopulationinthelastsixyears.ItalkedwithanAfricanAmericanwhohas

beenprofessorthereforalongtime.Andsheremembersthatwhenshefirstjoinedthe

community,therewerefewerthanahandfulofminoritiesoncampus.Nowallofusfeel

thewayisbetterbecauseofthediversity.Sowherewchearthisdebatesisprimarilyin

politicalcirclesandinthemedia——notincorporateboardroomsoroncollegecampuses.

1Theword"imperative"（Para.l）mostprobablyreferstosomething.

A、superficial

B>remarkable

C^debatable

D^essential

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据文中具体语言环境可知该词的意思为“必需的，不可缺少的“，故

选D。

2、Whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplestilldifferintheirviewsondiversity?

A^Minorities.

B、Politicians.

C、Professors.

D^Managers.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据文中前两句Itisveryinlereslingtonotewherethedebateabout

diversity（多样化）istakingplace.Itistakingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles.可知对

多样化的讨论多发生在政界，所以应该是政客谈论的较多。故选B。

3、Highcorporateleaderseemtobeinfavorofpromotingdiversitysoasto.

A、lowertherateofunemployment

B、Americanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversity

C、becompetitiveintheworldmarket

D^satisfythedemandofagrowingpopulation

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据文中第一段Infact,theysaythatiftheircompaniesaretocompete

intheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace,diversityisanimperative.可知公司

要在市场上更具竞争力就要注意多样化发展，故C正确。

4、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A、meritocracycanneverberealizedwithoutdiversity

B、Americanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversity

C、ItisunlikelythatdiversitywilloccurintheU.S.media

D、minoritiescanonlyenterthefieldswherenodebateisheardaboutdiversity

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据文中第二段...whichwasnevertrueweneverhada

meritocracy,althoughwe'vecomeclosertoitinthelast30years.及后面的Nowall

ofusfeelthewayisbetterbecauseofthediversity.口J知选A。

5、Accordingtothepassage,diversitycanbeachievedinAmericansocietyby.

A、expandingthepoolofpotentialemployees

B、promotingthepoolofpotentialemployees

C、trainingmoreengineers,scientists,lawyersandbusinessmanagers

D、providingeducationforallregardlessofraceorsex

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据文章意思Americaunderstandsthacexpandingthepoolmeans

promotingpoliciesthathelpprovideskillstomoreminorities,morewomen,andmore

immigrants.因此D为确选项。

Readingisthoughttobeakindofconversationbetweenthereaderandthetext.The

readerputsquestions,asitwere,tothetextandgetsanswers.Inthelightoftheseheputs

furtherquestions,andsoon.Formostofthetimethis"conversation"goesonbelowthe

levelofconsciousness.Artimes,however,webecomeawareofit.Thisisusuallywhen

wearerunningintodifficulties,whenmismatchisoccurringbetweenexpectationsand

meaning.Whensuccessfulmatchingisbeingexperiencedourquestioningofthetext

continuesattheunconsciouslevel.Differentpeopleconversewithtextdifferently.Some

stayveryclosetothewordsonthepage;otherstakeoffimaginativelyfromthewords,

interpreting,criticizing,analyzingandexamining.Theformerrepresentsakindof

comprehensionwhichiswritteninthetext.Thelatterrepresentshigherlevelsof

comprehension.Thebalancebetweentheseisimportant,especiallyforadvancedreaders.

Thereisanotherconversationwhichfromourpointofviewisequallyimportant,andthat

istodonotwithwhatisreadbutwithhowitisread.Wecallthisa"process"

conversationasopposedtoa"content"conversation.Itisconcernednotwithmeaning

butwiththestrategies（策略）weemployinreading.Ifweareanadvancedreaderour

abilitytoholdacontentconversationwithatextisusuallyprettywelldeveloped.Notso

ourabilitytoholdaprocessconversation.Itispreciselythiskindofconversationthatis

ofimportancewhenweareseekingtodevelopourreadingtomeetthenewdemands

beingplaceduponusbystudyingatahigherlevel.

6^Readingasakindofconversationbetweenthereaderandthetextbecomesconscious

onlywhen.

A、thereader,sexpectationsagreewithwhatissaidinthetext

thereaderhastroubleunderstandingwhattheauthorsays

C、thereaderasksquestionsandgetsanswers

D、thereaderunderstandsatextverywell

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第二段Formostofthetimethis"conversation"goesonbelowthe

levelofconsciousness.Atlimes,however,webecomeawareofit.Thisisusually

whenwearerunningintodifficulties,whenmismatchisoccurringbetweenexpectations

andmeaning.此题的关键是读出attimes相当于题目中的when。

7^Atalowerlevelofcomprehension,readerstendto.

A、readatextslowly

B、readwithoutthinkinghard

C、interpretatextintheirownway

D、concentrateonthemeaningofwordsonly

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第三段Someslayveryclosetothewordsonthepage.故选D.

8、A"process"conversationhastodowith.

A、theapplicationofreadingstrategies

B、matchingourexpectationswiththemeaningofatext

C^thedevelopmentofourabilitytocheckthedetails

D、determiningthemainideaofatext

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文中第四段Wccallthisa^process^conversationasopposedto

a4€contentMconversation.Itisconcernednotwithmeaningbutwiththestrategies（®

略）weemployinreading,这里的关键是读出it指代的是process□

9、Accordingtothepassage,itisofgreatimportanceforreadersatahigherlevelto

maintainabalancebetween.

A、consciousandunconsciouslevelsofcomprehension

B>thereaders'expectationsandthemeaningofatext

C>lowerandhigherlevelsofcomprehension

D^interpretingandcriticizingatext

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章第三段Thelatterrepresentshigherlevelsofcomprehension.The

balancebetweentheseisimportant,especiallyforadvancedreaders.这里的advanced

reader即是题目中的readersalahigherlevel0

10>Ifwewanttodevelopourreadingabilityatanadvancedlevel,weshould.

A、learntousedifferentapproachesinreadingdifferenttexts

makeourreadingprocessmoreconscious

C^paymoreattentiontothecontentofatext

D、takeacriticalattitudetowardstheauthor'sideas

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章最后一段最后一句Itispreciselythiskindofconversationthatisof

importancewhenweareseekingtodevelopourreadingtomeetthenewdemandsbeing

placeduponusbystudyingatahigherlevel.故A对。

Itisveryinterestingtonotewherethedebateaboutdiversity（多样化）istakingplace.It

istakingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles.HereattheCollegeFund,wehavealotof

contactwithtopcorporate（公司的）leaders;noneofthemistalkingaboutgettingridof

thoseinstrumentsthatproducediversity.Infact,theysaythatiftheircompaniesarcto

competeintheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace,diversityisanimperative.

Theyalsosaythattheneedfortalented,skilledAmericansmeanswehavetoexpandthe

poolofpotentialemployees.Andinlookingatwherebirthratearegrowingandatwhere

thepopulationisshifting,corporateAmericaunderstandsthatexpandingthepoolmeans

promotingpoliciesthathelpprovideskillstomoreminorities,morewomen,andmore

immigrants.Corporateleadersknowthatifthatdoesn'toccurinoursociety,theywillnot

havetheengineers,thescientists,thelawyers,orthebusinessmanagerstheywillneed.

Likewise,Idon'thearpeopleintheacademysaying,"Let'sgobackward.Let'sgobackto

thegoodolddays,whenwehadameritocracy（不拘一格选人才）“，whichwasnever

true—weneverhadameritocracy,althoughwe'vecomeclosertoitinthelast30years.I

recentlyvisitedagreatlittlecollegeinNewYorkwherethecampushasdoubledits

minoritypopulationinthelastsixyears.ItalkedwithanAfricanAmericanwhohasbeen

professorthereforalongtime.Andsheremembersthatwhenshefirstjoinedthe

community,therewerefewerthanahandfulofminoritiesoncampus.Nowallofusfeel

thewayisbetterbecauseofthediversity.Sowherewehearthisdebatesisprimarilyin

politicalcirclesandinthemedia—notincorporateboardroomsoroncollegecampuses.

11、Thewordimperative（Para.1）mostprobablyreferstosomething.

A、superficial

B、remarkable

C、debatable

D、essential

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据文中具体语言环境可知该词的意思为“必需的，不可缺少的“，故

选Do

12>Whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplestilldifferintheirviewsondiversity?

A、Minorities.

B、Politicians.

C、Professors.

D、Managers.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据文中的两句Itisveryinterestingtonotewherethedebateabout

diversity（多样化）istakingplace.Itistakingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles.可知对

多样化的讨论多发生在政界，所以应该是政客谈论的较多。故选B。

13、Highcorporateleadersseemtobeinfavorofpromotingdiversitysoasto.

A^lowertherateofunemployment

B、Americanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversity

C、becompetitiveintheworldmarket

D、satisfythedemandofagrowingpopulation

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据文中第一段Infact,theysaythatiftheircompaniesaretocompete

intheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace,diversityisanimperative.可知公

司要在市场上更具竞争力就要注意多样化发展，故C正确。

14、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A、meritocracycanneverberealizedwithoutdiversity

B、Americanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversity

C、ItisunlikelythatdiversitywilloccurintheU.S.media

D、minoritiescanonlyenterthefieldswherenodebateisheardaboutdiversity

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据文中第二段...whichwasnevertrue一weneverhadameritocracy,

althoughwe'vecomeclosertoitinthelast30years.及后面的Nowallofusfeelthe

wayisbetterbecauseofthediversity.可知选A。

15^Accordingtothepassage,diversitycanbeachievedinAmericansocietyby.

A、expandingthepoolofpotentialemployees

B、promotingthepoolofpotentialemployees

C、trainingmoreengineers,scientists,lawyersandbusinessmanagers

D、providingeducationforallregardlessofraceorsex

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据文章意思Americaunderstandsthatexpandingthepoolmeans

promotingpoliciesthathelpprovideskillstomoreminorities,morewomen,andmore

immigrants.因此D为正确选项。

Bacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesor

centimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofa

millimeter;apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusuallytwoto

fourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thus,ifyou

enlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofa

pinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile（1.6

kilometers）tall.Evenwithanordinarymicroscope,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.

Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrods

ordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecansee

thatsomebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy-looking"hairs"calledflagella（鞭毛）.

Othershaveonlyoneflagellum.Theflagellarotate,pushingthebacteriathroughthe

water.Manybacterialackflagellaandcannotmoveaboutbytheirownpower,while

otherscanglidealongoversurfacesbysomelittle-understoodmechanism.Fromthe

bacterialpointofview,theworldisaverydifferentplacefromwhatitistohumans.Toa

bacterium,waterisasthickasmolasses（糖浆）istous.Bacteriaaresosmallthattheyare

influencedbythemovementsofthechemicalmolecules（分子）aroundthem.Bacteria

underthemicroscope,eventhosewithnoflagella,oftenbounceaboutinthewater.This

isbecausetheycollidewiththewatermoleculesandarcpushedthiswayandthat.

Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofasecondthemoleculesarounda

bacteriumhaveallbeenreplacedbynewones.Evenbacteriawithoutflagellaarethus

constantlyexposedtoachangingenvironment.

16、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A、Rod-shapedbacteriaaregenerallylargerthanroundedones.

B、Ifweenlargedarod-shapedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldstillbesmallerthan

apinhead.

C、Ifoneusedamicroscopewithamagnificationof100times,hecanseethestructure

ofabacteriumclearly.

D、Walermoleculesmovesoquicklythatabacteriumcannotmoveinthewater.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据文中第一段"Rodshapedbacteriaareusuallytwotofourmicrons

long,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter”，可明显得出rod­

shapedbacteria比roundedbacteria要大，故A正确。

17、Accordingtothepassage,onewhoexaminesbacteriawithanordinarymicroscope,

usingamagnificationof：00timeswillsee.

A、tinyrods

B、stains

C、wavy-lookinghairs

D、detailedstructures

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据文中第二段前两句"Usingamagnificationof100times,onefinds

thatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots”，故选A。

18、Theenvironmentaroundbacteriaisalwayschangingbecause.

A、moleculesaroundbacteriamoveveryfast

B、thewaterisasthickasmolasses

C^thereisalargenumberofmoleculesaroundbacteria

D、newbacteriaalwaysreplacetheoldones

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据文章第三段“Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofa

secondthemoleculesaroundabacteriumhaveallbeenreplacedbynewones”,故选A。

19>Theauthorcompareswatertomolassesinordertoshow.

A、howdifficultitisforbacteriatomovethroughthewater

howdifferentthebacterialworldisfromthehumanworld

C^howthewatermoleculeswork

D、whatdifferentbacteriaoneliquidcontainsfromanother

标准答案：A

知识点解析♦：由文章第三段前三句可知作者将水比作糖浆是为了说明“水对于细菌

来说就相当于糖浆对于人类一样稠，所以细菌在水中运动起来就很困难”，故选

Ao

20,Therelationshipbetweenabacteriumanditsflagellaismostsimilartowhichofthe

following?

A、Aflagattachedtoastick.

B、Acowboyonthecow,sback.

C、Adoorclosedbyanaughtyboy.

D、Aboatpushedbythemotor.

标准答案：D

知识点解析:根据文章第二段最后几句“…somebacieriahaveattachedtothem

wavy—looking'hairs^alledflagella...Theflagellarotate,pushingthebacteriathrough

thewater.”可知D更确切。

Psychologyandsociologyarebothcategorizedassocialsciences,andbothstudyhuman

behavior.However,psychologyisthestudyofindividualbehavior,whereassociologyis

thestudyofgroupbehavior.Psychologydealswiththepossibleproblemsanindividual

mighthaveinsocialinteractionwithotherindividuals,butthemainconcernofsociology

isthewaysthatdifferentsocietieswithdifferentculturesdealwitheachother.Sociology

asksandtriestoanswerquestionslikethese:whydoesonesocietyprogressrapidlyand

anotheroneremainprimitiveforcenturies?Whatisthemainreasonforrevolutionina

society?Whatistheroleofreligionorartinasociety?Psychologyasksandtriesto

answerquestionslikethese;whydoesanindividualadapteasilytoachanging

environmentandanotherindividualbecomementallydisturbed?Whatarethecausesof

antisocialbehavior?Whatroledoesreligionorartplayinanindividual'smentaland

emotionallife?Psychologyandsociologyoftenworktogetherintheirstudyofhuman

behavior.Itisassumedthatbybetterunderstandingindividualmotivationandbehavior,

morewillbelearnedaboutgroupmotivationandbehavior.Thereverseisalsoassumed:

ifscientistscanlearnmoreaboutsocialgroups,theywilllearnmoreaboutindividuals.

21、Whatwouldbeanappropriatetitleforthispassage?

A^PsychologyandSociology

B、IndividualandGroup

C、HumanBehaviorStudy

D、MainConcernsofSocialSciences

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章第一段讲了心理学和社会学的定义及区别，第二段重点讲社会

学，第三段重点讲心理学，最后一段讲两者之间的合作互利。故A对。

22、Whichofthefollowingquestionsistheco