【高二下期末】浙江省丽水市2021-2022学年高二下学期普通高中教学质量监控期末考试英语试卷（解析版）

2/2丽水市2021学年第二学期普通高中教学质量监控高二英语试题卷本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）。第Ⅰ卷1至8页，第Ⅱ卷8至10页。考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第Ⅰ卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whereistheman’sphonenow?A.Inthecar.B.Inthegym.C.Inthewoman’sbag.2.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Playbasketball.B.Washhands.C.Cookdinner.3.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelnow?A.Tired.B.Hungry.C.Angry.4.Whatcolorshirtisthemanwearingtoday?A.White.B.Blue.C.Red.5.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantobuy?A.Acake.B.Somesugar.C.Somechocolate.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howlonghasthemanbeeninpain?A.Forfivedays.B.Foroneweek.C.Fortwoweeks.7.Whosuggestedthemedicinetotheman?A.Hisdoctor.B.Hisfriend.C.Hiscoach.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inacafé.B.Inanoffice.C.Inaclassroom.9.WhatdoesJimdo?A.Heisalawyer.B.Heisateacher.C.Heisanengineer.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whobegantoworkaftergraduation?A.Thewoman’sfather.B.Thewoman’smother.C.Thewoman’sbrother.11.Wheredoesthewomanwanttowork?A.Ataseniorschool.B.Atajuniorschool.C.Atauniversity.12.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Trytochangeherfather’smind.B.Askherteacherforadvice.C.Makealistofheroptions.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatkindofrestaurantsmightthespeakersbein?A.AnItalianrestaurant.B.AChineserestaurant.C.AFrenchrestaurant.14.Whatisthepurposeofthewoman’scomingtotheU.S.?A.Toexperiencethelocalfood.B.Tomeettheman’sparents.C.Toattenduniversity.15.Whydoesthewomanfeelnervous?A.Shecan’tuseknivesandforksskillfully.B.Shehasn’tmettheman’sparentsbefore.C.Shecan’taffordthemeal.16.Whatdoesthemaneatwithafterthefoodiscutup?A.Chopsticks.B.Aknife.C.Afork.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Anintroductiontoanewlesson.B.Apresentationaboutseapollution.CAnannouncementduringaschooltrip.18.Whatwilltheclassdothismorning?A.VisittheSeaLifeCenter.B.Practicemathandspelling.C.Workontheirsciencetopic.19.Howmuchwilleachstudentpayforthetrip?A.£5.00.B.£10.00.C.£20.00.20.Whatseasonisit?A.Fall.B.Winter.C.Summer.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWanderthroughEdinburghandyouwillfindWalterScott,Scotland’smostfamousnovelist,everywhere:pubsnamedaftercharactersorplacesinhisbooks,hiswalkingcaneandslippersinTheWriters’Museum.JustoutsidetheWaverleytrainstation,Scott’sstatuestandsbeneathamonumentaffectionatelynicknamedtheRocket.Builtin1840,eightyearsafterhisdeathattheageof61,theScottMonumentcapturestheextremeregardforthisinternationalbestsellingwriterandsonofEdinburgh.Scott’sadventuroushistoricalstories,setagainstadramaticbackgroundofhighmountains,darklakesanddeepvalleys,broughtavisionofScotlandtotheworld.Ashisfriend,JaneAustenonceremarked,Scotthadtwocareersinliterature.HequicklybecameEurope’smostfamouspoetin1805withimmediatesuccessofhisfirstnarrativepoem,TheLayoftheLastMinstrel,thetaleoftwoloversonoppositesidesofafamilyconflict.A1810book-lengthpoemofKingJamesV’sstruggleswiththepowerfulfamilyDouglas,TheLadyoftheLakewouldhaveobtainedhisreputationonitsown.Selling25,000copiesineightmonths,itbrokerecordsforpoetrysalesandbroughtitssetting,thefantasticLakeKatrine,totheattentionofanovel(新颖的)tourismindustry.Scottalsowrotesongsandcollectedballadsforfuture,butafterthesuccessofhispoetry,heturnedtonovelwritinginhis40s.Fornearly20yearsheproducedaseriesoffatnovels,whichspreadhisreputationaroundtheglobefurtherstill.Althoughinvolvinginthegothicstylepopularatthetime,Scottfavouredhistoricalthemes,notonlysetinScotlandbutalsoEngland,France,Syriaandelsewhere,asfarbackasthe11thcentury.However,thesedays,Scott’swritinghasfallenoutoffashionthanksinparttotheabsolutelengthofthenovels.Waverley,Scott’sexplorationoftheJacobiteuprisingof1745,lendsitselftopoliticalasmuchasliteraryanalysis.TheHighlandWidowcapturestheconflictedmoodofayoungladwho,seekingbetterfortune,joinsintheBlackWatch,upsettinghismother.Drugginghersonsohemisseshisappointment,shesendshimtomilitaryexecution(处决).Althoughwritteninasentimental(伤感的)stylepopularatthetime,thestoryfindsmuchtosayaboutnationaltensions,militaryoccupation,andculturalconflictinthelivesofpost-UnionScots.1.WhywillyoufindWalterScotteverywherewhenwanderingthroughEdinburgh?A.BecausethecharactersorplacesinhisbooksaresetonlyinScotland.B.BecausepubsinEdinburgharefondofbeingnamedafterWalterScott.C.BecauseWalterScott’scaneandslippersaredisplayedintheWriters’Museum.D.BecauseWalterScottisaninternationalbestsellingauthorandsonofEdinburgh.2.Nowadays,WalterScott’snovelsarenolongersofashionablepartlybecausetheyaretoo________.A.lengthy B.novel C.uninteresting D.complicated3.Whichofthefollowingisaboutthestoryoftwolovers’familyconflict?A.Waverley. B.TheLadyoftheLake.C.TheHighlandWidow. D.TheLayoftheLastMinstrel.【答案】1.D2.A3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了苏格兰最著名的小说家WalterScott及其作品。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Builtin1840,eightyearsafterhisdeathattheageof61,theScottMonumentcapturestheextremeregardforthisinternationalbestsellingwriterandsonofEdinburgh.(Scott享年61岁，在他逝世八年后，Scott纪念碑于1840年建成，体现了这位国际畅销作家和爱丁堡之子的崇高敬意)”可知，WalterScott是一位国际畅销书作家，也出生于爱丁堡，所以在爱丁堡闲逛时，到处都能发现关于这位作家的踪迹，故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“However,thesedays,Scott’swritinghasfallenoutoffashionthanksinparttotheabsolutelengthofthenovels.(然而，如今，Scott的作品已经不再流行，部分原因是小说真的很长)”可知，如今WalterScott的小说不再流行，部分原因是其小说太长。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“HequicklybecameEurope’smostfamouspoetin1805withimmediatesuccessofhisfirstnarrativepoem,TheLayoftheLastMinstrel,thetaleoftwoloversonoppositesidesofafamilyconflict.(1805年，他的第一首叙事诗TheLayoftheLastMinstrel迅速获得成功，他很快成为欧洲最著名的诗人，这首诗讲述了两个在家庭冲突中对立的恋人的故事)”可知，TheLayoftheLastMinstrel讲述了两个恋人的家庭矛盾。故选D项。BSixteenmilesoffthewindsweptcoastofnorthernScotland,thefutureofrenewableenergyistakingshape.Turningrhythmicallyinthebreeze,thefiveenormousturbinesoftheHywindScotlandwindfarmlooklikeanyotheroff-shorewindproject,exceptonemajordifference—they’refloating.Whileconventionaloffshoreturbinessitatopmentalandconcretetowersfixedintotheseabed,Hywind’sturbinesrestonfloatingsteelstructuresthatriseandfallwithwaves.Carefullybalanced,theyremainuprightdespitethewavingconditions.Thissimplesounding,yetextremelycomplexdesignischangingthewaygreendevelopersviewoffshorewind.ItcouldprovetobeanimportantdevelopmentastheworldattemptstomeetthenetzerocarbonemissiontargetsthatcountriescommittedtointheParisAgreementonClimateChange.Theenergydepartmentasawholecurrentlyaccountsforaroundthreequartersofallthegreenhousegasesemittedbyhumanactivity.Tocutthoseemissions,greenelectricitywillneedtobeatthemainsourceofglobalenergy,accordingtotheInternationalEnergyAgency.Itsaysthatby2024,halfoftheworld’senergyneedswillhavetobemetbyelectricityproducedinanetzeroway.Withgrowingnumbersofelectricvehicles,combinedwithincreaseddemandforelectricitytoreplacefossilfuelsindomesticandindustrialuses,electricitynetworkswillalsoneedtobecomefarmoreflexiblewithmorewaystogenerateandstoreenergy.Itmeansthatby2045,ourenergynetworkcouldlookthoroughlydifferenttothewayitdoestoday.ProjectslikeHywind’sfloatingwindfarmofferapresent-dayglimpseofwhatthefuturecouldlooklike.Whilefloatingturbinesovercomesomeoftheissuesthatmakeoffshorewindfarmsindeepwatersimpossible,therearestillchallengestobeovercome.Therearesomeconcernsaboutwhatimpactlargewindturbinesmighthaveonthemarineenvironment.Thepriceoffloatingwindprojectsisalsostillhigh—costingalmosttwiceasmuchpermegawatthourofelectricityproducedcomparedtobottom-fixedoffshorewind.Butthosecostsareexpectedtodropasthetechnologybecomesincreasinglyadvanced,ashasbeenseenwithotherwindenergyprojects,helpingpavethewaytowardsnetzeroemissions,andafuturepoweredbycarbon-freefuel.4.Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplacetheunderlinedword“emitted”inthethirdparagraph?A.Released. B.Replaced. C.Wasted. D.Influenced.5.Whatistheauthor’sopiniononfloatingwindprojects?A.Disapproving. B.Objective. C.Doubtful. D.Indifferent.6.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthistext?A.Tosharehisresearchonenergy. B.Tocallonpeopletosaveenergy.C.Toreplacethetraditionalfossilfuels. D.Tointroduceacleanrenewableenergy.【答案】4.A5.B6.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为“浮风项目”的项目，可以提供一种新的清洁能源，介绍了其优势以及仍然存在的挑战。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段中“ItcouldprovetobeanimportantdevelopmentastheworldattemptstomeetthenetzerocarbonemissiontargetsthatcountriescommittedtointheParisAgreementonClimateChange.(在世界各国努力实现《巴黎气候变化协定》中承诺的净零碳排放目标之际，这可能是一项重要的进展)”以及画线词上文“Theenergydepartmentasawholecurrentlyaccountsforaroundthreequartersofallthegreenhousegases”可知，能源部门作为一个整体，目前约占人类活动排放的所有温室气体的四分之三。故画线词意思是“释放”。故选A。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whilefloatingturbinesovercomesomeoftheissuesthatmakeoffshorewindfarmsindeepwatersimpossible,therearestillchallengestobeovercome.Therearesomeconcernsaboutwhatimpactlargewindturbinesmighthaveonthemarineenvironment.Thepriceoffloatingwindprojectsisalsostillhigh—costingalmosttwiceasmuchpermegawatthourofelectricityproducedcomparedtobottom-fixedoffshorewind.Butthosecostsareexpectedtodropasthetechnologybecomesincreasinglyadvanced,ashasbeenseenwithotherwindenergyprojects,helpingpavethewaytowardsnetzeroemissions,andafuturepoweredbycarbon-freefuel.(虽然浮式涡轮机克服了一些使深海海上风力发电场无法实现的问题，但仍有一些挑战需要克服。有些人担心大型风力涡轮机可能会对海洋环境造成什么影响。浮动风力发电项目的价格也依然很高——每兆瓦时发电的成本几乎是底部固定的海上风力发电的两倍。但随着技术越来越先进，这些成本预计会下降，正如其他风能项目所看到的那样，这有助于为实现净零排放和无碳燃料驱动的未来铺平道路)”可推知，作者既提到了好处也提到了问题，即作者对浮风项目是客观态度。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Whileconventionaloffshoreturbinessitatopmentalandconcretetowersfixedintotheseabed,Hywind’sturbinesrestonfloatingsteelstructuresthatriseandfallwithwaves.Carefullybalanced,theyremainuprightdespitethewavingconditions.Thissimplesounding,yetextremelycomplexdesignischangingthewaygreendevelopersviewoffshorewind.(传统的海上涡轮机安装在固定在海床上的金属和混凝土塔上，而海风公司的涡轮机安装在浮动的钢结构上，随着海浪起伏。它们小心翼翼地保持平衡，即使在波浪中也能保持直立。这种听起来简单，但极其复杂的设计正在改变绿色开发商对海上风能的看法)”结合文章主要介绍了一个名为“浮风项目”的项目，可以提供一种新的清洁能源，介绍了其优势以及仍然存在的挑战。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一种清洁的可再生能源。故选D。CIn1810,duringhisfirstGrandTourofEurope,ByroncarvedhisnameintoacolumnbaseoftheTempleofPoseidonontheAegeancoast.AlthoughByronhimselfmightnothaveactuallywrittenthenamethatisleftthere,thestoryhasbecomepartofthehistoryofthemonument,searchedforbyhisadmirersamongthehundredsofothernamescarvedalloverthetemple.Moderngraffiti,however,ismetwithaverydifferentreaction.In2014aRussiantouristwasfined€20,000forcarvingalarge“K”onawalloftheColosseuminRome,thefifthsuchincidentthatyear.Whatisthethinkingbehindsuchacts?Aretouristsaimingforillfametobecomepartofthemonument’shistory?Orisitsimplypartoftheexperienceofvisitingthesite?And,further,whyishistoricalgraffiti,whichwasequallydestructive,consideredhistoricheritages?Themotivesbehindthemare,afterall,probablythesame,however,graffiticomestotellusaboutlivesandmomentsthatmightotherwisehavebeenlost.Theearliestgraffitiofaperson’snameonamonumenthasbeenidentifiedbythehistorianLionelCassoninacaveatWadiHammamatinEgyptin2000BC.ThenameofHenaiscutintothesandstonealongsidealistofhisachievements.InancientGreece,too,stoas(柱廊)werethemeetingplacesofphilosophersandtheplacesforschoolboys’lessons.WethereforeoftenseealphabetsandHomericpoemswrittenontheirwalls.Anditisnotjustmonumentsandbuildings:Miltiades,ageneralfromtheBattleofMarathonin490BC,carvedhisnameintothehelmethewore.IntheAthens,too,aSpartanshield(盾)wasfoundwithwordsnotingthattheAthenianscaptureditduringtheBattlein425BC.Withoutsuchgraffiti,theobjectswouldstillbeimpressive,butfarlessusefulforhistorians,astheirwritingprovidesanexactoriginalplace.Inthe21stcentury,however,withtherapidincreaseintourism,ifeveryonedecidedtoleavetheirmark,thesesiteswouldbeirretrievable(不可挽回地)destroyed.PerhapsBeijing’scontroversialnewfreegraffitizonesoncertainsectionsoftheGreatWallofChinawillsatisfythedesiretocarveourownpieceofhistoryintothelimitedresourceofthemonument,thoughitseemsunlikelythatitwilleasilybecontainedtoonearea.Regardless,itisimportantthatweprotectthesemonuments—andthegraffitithatsomeofthemalreadycontain.7.WhyisBaron’scarvinghisnameintothecolumnbasementionedinthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroducetherelatedtopic. B.Toattractmorepeopletocopyhim.C.Toshowhisadmirerstosearch. D.Tobecomepartofthestoryofthemonument.8.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.ItwasactuallyByronthatwroteandcarvedhisnamethere.B.ItwasthefifthtimethattheRussiantouristhadbeenfinedthatyear.C.Ancientgraffitiwascarvedmorethanonmonumentsandbuildings.D.Themotivesbehindancientandmoderngraffitiarecompletelythesame.9.Wherewastheearliestgraffitiofaperson’snameonamonumentdiscovered?A.InacaveinEgypt. B.InatempleontheAegeancoast.C.OnawalloftheColosseuminRome. D.InanancientmeetingplaceinGreece.10.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhatwastheEarliestGraffiti? B.What’stheWaytoProtectGraffiti?C.WhatCanWeLearnFromAncientGraffiti? D.WhatwastheMotivationofAncientGraffiti?【答案】7.A8.C9.A10.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文提到古代涂鸦很重要，对于历史学家考古研究具有重大意义，也更有助于现代人更好地了解历史。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，根据第三段“Whatisthethinkingbehindsuchacts?Aretouristsaimingforillfametobecomepartofthemonument’shistory?Orisitsimplypartoftheexperienceofvisitingthesite?And,further,whyishistoricalgraffiti,whichwasequallydestructive,consideredhistoricheritages?Themotivesbehindthemare,afterall,probablythesame,however,graffiticomestotellusaboutlivesandmomentsthatmightotherwisehavebeenlost.(这种行为背后的思想是什么？游客们是想让恶名成为纪念碑历史的一部分吗？还是仅仅是参观网站体验的一部分？此外，为什么同样具有破坏性的历史涂鸦被认为是历史遗产？毕竟，涂鸦背后的动机可能是相同的，然而，涂鸦是为了告诉我们那些可能已经失去的生活和时刻)”可知，本文主要想讨论，涂鸦的意义，古今涂鸦的区别。由此可知，第一段提及拜伦把他的名字刻在栏基上是为了引出相关话题。故选A。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Theearliestgraffitiofaperson’snameonamonumenthasbeenidentifiedbythehistorianLionelCassoninacaveatWadiHammamatinEgyptin2000BC.ThenameofHenaiscutintothesandstonealongsidealistofhisachievements.InancientGreece,too,stoas(柱廊)werethemeetingplacesofphilosophersandtheplacesforschoolboys’lessons.WethereforeoftenseealphabetsandHomericpoemswrittenontheirwalls.(历史学家莱昂内尔·卡森于公元前2000年在埃及瓦迪·哈马马特的一个洞穴中发现了纪念碑上最早的人名涂鸦。砂岩上刻着赫那的名字，旁边是他的成就。在古希腊，柱廊也是哲学家聚会的地方，也是学校男孩上课的地方。因此，我们经常在墙上看到字母和荷马史诗)”可知，古代的涂鸦不仅雕刻在纪念碑和建筑上，还有刻在洞穴，砂岩和学校的墙上等。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Theearliestgraffitiofaperson’snameonamonumenthasbeenidentifiedbythehistorianLionelCassoninacaveatWadiHammamatinEgyptin2000BC.(历史学家莱昂内尔·卡森于公元前2000年在埃及瓦迪·哈马马特的一个洞穴中发现了纪念碑上最早的人名涂鸦)”可知，纪念碑上最早的人名涂鸦是在埃及的一个山洞里。故选A。【10题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据倒数第二段“Withoutsuchgraffiti,theobjectswouldstillbeimpressive,butfarlessusefulforhistorians,astheirwritingprovidesanexactoriginalplace.(如果没有这样的涂鸦，这些物品仍然会令人印象深刻，但对历史学家来说却远没有那么有用，因为它们的文字提供了一个确切的原始位置)”可知，古代人留下的涂鸦对于历史学家的考古研究来说具有重大意义，这些涂鸦包含一些有用信息以供研究，由此可知，本文主要说明了我们可以从古代涂鸦中了解到什么。由此可知，C项“我们能从古代涂鸦中了解到什么？”适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。第二节（共5个小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。MyBuddhistteacheroncetoldmethatinsomniawas“theprocessoftryingtofallasleep”.Hesaidfallingasleepisn’tsomethingyoutrytodo.____11____Itwilloccurnaturallyintheabsenceofobstaclespreventingit.Soundsright,butwhatdoesthatmeanforthoseofuswhocontinuallycomeacrosstheseobstacles?Sleepisourbirthright.Butwemustfocuslessoncreatingtheperfectexternalconditionsandmoreoncultivatinganinternalenvironmentwithinourbodiesthatallowssleeptooccur.____12____Anoveractivatednervoussystem.Theautonomicnervoussystem(ANS)isthepartofthenervoussystemthatcontrolsanybodilyfunctionsthataren’tconsciouslydirected,ofcoursesleepincluded.____13____Theanswerisliterallyrightunderournoses—changethewaywebreathe,oneofthemosteffectivewaystotreatinsomnia.____14____IthasaprofoundeffectontheANS—anditmightjustchangeyourlife.Coherentbreathinginvolvesbreathingatarelaxedrhythmoffivebreathsperminute,around70percentslowerthanweusuallybreathe.Scientificresearchhasfoundthatformostadults,breathingataroundfivebreathsperminuteisthebesthumanbreathrateandleadstoanear-perfectbalanceinthenervoussystem.Ifyoumakeitpartofyournight-timeroutine,itmightjusttransformthethirdofyourlifethatyouspendasleep.____15____A.Andwhatisthemaininternalobstacle?B.Instead,itisanautomaticbiologicalprocess.C.Sohowcanwebreatheourwaytobettersleep?D.Sohowcanwereducethisconstantactivationofournervoussystem?E.Thereisapowerfulbreathworktechniquecalled“coherentbreathing”.F.Coherentbreathingcancreatearelaxationresponsewithinjustafewminutes.G.Anditmightallowyoutolivetheothertwothirdsfeelinghappierandhealthier.【答案】11.B12.A13.D14.E15.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何改善失眠，更好地入睡提出了一些建议。【11题详解】根据上文“MyBuddhistteacheroncetoldmethatinsomniawas“theprocessoftryingtofallasleep”.Hesaidfallingasleepisn’tsomethingyoutrytodo.(我的佛教老师曾经告诉我，失眠是“试图入睡的过程”。他说入睡不是你想做的事)”以及后文“Itwilloccurnaturallyintheabsenceofobstaclespreventingit.(它会在没有障碍的情况下自然发生)”可知，入睡不是想做的事，而是一个自动的生物过程，会在没有障碍的情况下自然发生。故B选项“相反，它是一个自动的生物过程”符合语境，故选B。【12题详解】根据上文“Soundsright,butwhatdoesthatmeanforthoseofuswhocontinuallycomeacrosstheseobstacles?Sleepisourbirthright.Butwemustfocuslessoncreatingtheperfectexternalconditionsandmoreoncultivatinganinternalenvironmentwithinourbodiesthatallowssleeptooccur.(听起来不错，但这对我们这些不断遇到这些障碍的人意味着什么呢？睡眠是我们与生俱来的权利。但我们必须少关注创造完美的外部条件，多关注培养我们身体内部的环境，让睡眠发生)”以及后文“Anoveractivatednervoussystem.(过度活跃的神经系统)”可知，本句为关于“内部环境”的设问句，旨在引出后文的答案：过度活跃的神经系统。故A选项“主要的内部障碍是什么？”符合语境，故选A。【13题详解】根据后文“Theanswerisliterallyrightunderournoses—changethewaywebreathe,oneofthemosteffectivewaystotreatinsomnia.(过度活跃的神经系统答案就在我们眼皮底下——改变我们的呼吸方式，这是治疗失眠最有效的方法之一)”可知，后文提到了过度活跃的神经系统答案，可见本句是在针对此问题进行提问。故D选项“我们如何减少这种神经系统的持续激活？”符合语境，故选D。【14题详解】根据后文“IthasaprofoundeffectontheANS—anditmightjustchangeyourlife.Coherentbreathinginvolvesbreathingatarelaxedrhythmoffivebreathsperminute,around70percentslowerthanweusuallybreathe.(它对ANS有着深远的影响——它可能会改变你的生活。连贯呼吸是指以每分钟5次的放松节奏呼吸，比我们通常的呼吸速度慢70%左右)”可知，本句主要提出“连贯呼吸”这一概念，E选项中Coherentbreathing对应后文中Coherentbreathing。故E选项“有一种强大的呼吸练习技巧叫做‘连贯呼吸’”符合语境，故选E。【15题详解】根据上文“Coherentbreathinginvolvesbreathingatarelaxedrhythmoffivebreathsperminute,around70percentslowerthanweusuallybreathe.Scientificresearchhasfoundthatformostadults,breathingataroundfivebreathsperminuteisthebesthumanbreathrateandleadstoanear-perfectbalanceinthenervoussystem.Ifyoumakeitpartofyournight-timeroutine,itmightjusttransformthethirdofyourlifethatyouspendasleep.(连贯呼吸是指以每分钟5次的放松节奏呼吸，比我们通常的呼吸速度慢70%左右。科学研究发现，对于大多数成年人来说，每分钟呼吸5次左右是最佳的人类呼吸频率，可以使神经系统达到近乎完美的平衡。如果你让睡眠成为你夜间生活的一部分，它可能会改变你生命中三分之一的睡眠时间)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明连贯呼吸的作用：让你在剩下的三分之二的时间里感觉更快乐、更健康。故G选项“它可能会让你在剩下的三分之二的时间里感觉更快乐、更健康”符合语境，故选G。第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：完形填空（共20个小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Wehadbeenpracticingforweekstomakeourfinaldayspecial.Lastyear,ourdramateacherhadputinlotsofeffortto____16____ustoperforma“flashmob(快闪)”onthe____17____dayofschoolinfrontof400childrenandtheirparentsandteachers.Ittookusawhiletodecidetheright____18____,andtherightmovesforthe____19____.Atthetime,everyone____20____thesong“ChampagneShowers”,andwefinallydecidedthatwasoursong.EveryThursdayalltheyear-sixclasseswouldgatherto____21____themovementsand,asitgotcloserandclosertothefinaldayofschool,wegotmore____22____thanwe’deverbeen.Whenthedayfinallyarrived,weweremore____23____thannewbornpups,andwewerealsosonervousthatourlittleheartswerebeatingfastandourstomachswerefullofbutterflies.Acting____24____weweretotallycalminfrontofthe____25____wasnoteasy.____26____“ChampagneShowers”blared(响)acrossthegreathall.Myheartwasbeatingsofast.Everyonegotupandstarted____27____.Ithinkweweremoresurprisedthantheaudiencesthatwere____28____us.Standingstillonceagain,wegotahugeroundofapplause.Itmadeusfeelso____29____onthatfinalday.Wegotsomuch____30____afterwards.AtleastIdon’thaveto____31____thatanymore.ThatwasthebestdayI’veeverhad,andthebestperformancethat____32____atourschoolhaveevergivenontheirfinalday.Iwillnever____33____howIfeltonthatfinaldayofschool,frommystomachbeingfullofbutterfliestoleavingthestagefullof____34____.Itwasthemost____35____finalday!16.A.help B.want C.order D.warn17.A.first B.same C.final D.next18.A.instrument B.stage C.voice D.music19.A.performance B.journey C.interview D.competition20.A.liked B.composed C.purchased D.envied21.A.teach B.create C.practice D.discuss22.A.humble B.nervous C.curious D.dynamic23.A.dangerous B.excited C.interested D.violent24.A.nowthat B.sothat C.asif D.evenif25.A.visitors B.civilians C.operators D.audiences26.A.Particularly B.Suddenly C.Strangely D.Precisely27.A.singing B.dancing C.laughing D.judging28.A.admiring B.slapping C.criticizing D.justifying29.A.similar B.useful C.necessary D.special30.A.change B.praise C.advice D.power31.A.putoff B.giveup C.worryabout D.preparefor32.A.actors B.passengers C.foreigners D.students33.A.express B.guess C.forget D.describe34.A.pride B.hope C.upset D.fear35.A.international B.awful C.amazing D.crowded【答案】16.A17.C18.D19.A20.A21.C22.B23.B24.C25.D26.B27.B28.A29.D30.B31.C32.D33.C34.A35.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了在小学最后一天，作者所在的六年级学生为全校师生、家长展示了一次“快闪”，作者体会到了排练时的紧张和表演完离场时的自豪，这一天是他不会忘怀的特殊的一天。16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年，我们的戏剧老师花了很多精力帮助我们，在学校的最后一天在400个孩子、他们的家长和老师面前表演了一场“快闪”。A.help帮助；B.want想要；C.order命令；D.warn警告。根据第一句“Wehadbeenpracticingforweekstomakeourfinaldayspecial.(我们已经练习了几个星期，为了让我们的最后一天变得特别。)”，以及句中的ourdramateacherhadputinlotsofeffort可知，作者和同学们在老师的“帮助（help）”下组织了一次“快闪”。故选A项。【17题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：去年，我们的戏剧老师花了很多精力帮助我们在学校的最后一天在400个孩子、他们的家长和老师面前表演了一场“快闪”。A.first最前面的；B.same同一的；C.final最后的；D.next接下来的。根据上文“Wehadbeenpracticingforweekstomakeourfinaldayspecial.(我们已经练习了几个星期，为了让我们的最后一天变得特别。)”，其中的finalday为复现词，故选C项。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们花了一段时间来决定合适的音乐和表演的正确动作。A.instrument乐器；B.stage舞台；C.voice声音；D.music音乐。根据下文“Atthetime,everyone5thesong‘ChampagneShowers’,andwefinallydecidedthatwasoursong.(当时，所有人都喜欢《香槟淋浴》这首歌，我们最终决定它是我们的歌。)”，选歌，即选这次快闪的音乐，故选D项。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们花了一段时间来决定合适的音乐和表演的正确动作。A.performance表演；B.journey旅程；C.interview面试；D.competition比赛。根据上文“Lastyear,ourdramateacherhadputinlotsofeffortto1ustoperforma‘flashmob(快闪)’onthe2dayofschoolinfrontof400childrenandtheirparentsandteachers.(去年，我们的戏剧老师花了很多精力帮助我们，在学校的最后一天在400个孩子、他们的家长和老师面前表演了一场‘快闪’。)”，其中的perform为同根复现词，故选A项。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时，所有人都喜欢《香槟淋浴》这首歌，我们最终决定这是我们的歌。A.liked喜欢；B.composed作曲；C.purchased购买；D.envied羡慕。根据后半句“andwefinallydecidedthatwasoursong.”，能得到大家认同的曲子，应该是大家都喜欢的歌曲。故选A项。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每周四，六年级所有的班级都会聚在一起练习这些动作。A.teach教；B.create创造；C.practice练习；D.discuss讨论。根据第一段第一句“Wehadbeenpracticingforweekstomakeourfinaldayspecial.(为了让最后一天变得特别，我们已经练习了好几个星期。)”可知，practice为复现词。故选C项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着最后一天的临近，我们比以往任何时候都要紧张。A.humble谦逊的；B.nervous神经紧张的；C.curious好奇的；D.dynamic充满活力的。根据下文“Whenthedayfinallyarrived,weweremore8thannewbornpups,andwewerealsosonervousthatourlittleheartswerebeatingfastandourstomachswerefullofbutterflies.(当这一天终于到来的时候，我们比刚出生的小狗崽还兴奋，还紧张得小心脏跳得飞快，心里七上八下的。)”,其中的“alsonervous”可知，作者他们很“紧张（nervous）”，为复现词。故选B项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当这一天终于到来的时候，我们比刚出生的小狗崽还兴奋，还紧张得小心脏跳得飞快，心里七上八下的。A.dangerous危险的；B.excited兴奋的；C.interested感兴趣的；D.violent暴力的。根据下文“Acting9weweretotallycalminfrontofthe10wasnoteasy(在观众面前表现得镇定自若并不容易。)”可知，这场精心准备多时的“快闪”表演即将来临，参加“快闪”的学生们在表演之前，假装很平静，说明内心其实很“兴奋（excited）”了。故选B项。【24题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：在观众面前表现得好像镇定自若并不容易。A.nowthat既然；B.sothat以便；C.asif好像；D.evenif即使。根据上文“Whenthedayfinallyarrived,weweremore8thannewbornpups,andwewerealsosonervousthatourlittleheartswerebeatingfastandourstomachswerefullofbutterflies.(当这一天终于到来的时候，我们比刚出生的小狗崽还兴奋，还紧张得小心脏跳得飞快，心里七上八下的。)”可知，一群学生，在“快闪”的音乐响起之前，既兴奋又紧张，却还要表现得“好像（asif）”自己很平静的样子，要不露声色，这相当难。故选C项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在观众面前表现得好像镇定自若并不容易。A.visitors访客；B.civilians平民；C.operators操作员；D.audiences受众。根据上文“Lastyear,ourdramateacherhadputinlotsofeffortto1ustoperforma‘flashmob(快闪)’onthe2dayofschoolinfrontof400