新人教版高中英语必修第一册新人教版高中英语必修第一册：Discovering Useful Structures-限制性定语从句

DiscoveringUsefulStructures—— 限制性定语从句(2)内容索引·图解·语法脉络·感知·语法规律·精讲·语法知识1.Itwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically.2.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.3.Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible,butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.4.ThesewereanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.5.Itwasin1952andMandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.一、关系副词引导的定语从句当先行词在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句不缺主语、宾语或者表语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有where，when，why等。关系副词的指代及功能如下：关系副词先行词功能

when表示时间的名词时间状语

where表示地点的名词地点状语

whyreason原因状语

1.关系副词wherewhere引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot，school，country等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on...＋which”。Thestadiumwhere/inwhichtheathletesworkoutisnotfarfromhere.运动员们锻炼的体育馆离这里不远。AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltownwhere/inwhichhegrewupasachild.在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。[名师点津]

当先行词为situation,case,stage,point,activity,atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。2.关系副词whenwhen引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during...＋which”结构。Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstsawyou.我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。I’llneverforgetthetimewhen/atwhichIwastrappedinaburninghouse.我永远不会忘记我被困在燃烧着的房子里的时候。3.关系副词whywhy引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。相当于“for＋which”结构。Doyouknowthereasonwhy/forwhichsheisundergreatstress?你知道她压力很大的原因吗？[即时练1]用适当的关系词填空①Istillrememberthedays____________wechattedwitheachotherallnight.②Istillrememberthedays____________wespenttogetheronthefarm.③Idon’tknowthereason____________hedroppedoutofcollege.④Iwon’tlistentothereason____________youhavegivenus.⑤Thisistheplace____________weheldapartylastweek.⑥Thisistheplace____________wevisitedlastweek.whenthat/whichwhythat/whichwherethat/which二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词＋关系代词”的结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which，whom或whose。1.介词的选用：可以遵循“一名二动三逻辑”的原则。(1)“一名”——依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。I’llneverforgetthefarmonwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.(onthefarm“在农场上”)我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过童年时光的那个农场。Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.(withthecamera“用照相机”)这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(2)“二动”——依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。Hebroughttheresultwithwhichthebosswassatisfied.(besatisfiedwith“对……满意”)他带来了令老板满意的结果。YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLakeforwhichHangzhouisknown.(beknownfor“因……而出名”)昨天我们游览了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(3)“三逻辑”——根据从句表达的意义和先行词的逻辑关系来确定。Thisisthepilotbywhommysonwassaved.这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.这种无色的、离开它我们就无法生存的气体叫作氧气。[名师点津]

有些“动词＋介词”短语如lookfor，lookafter，callon等，如果介词提前将会失去动词短语的意义，所以不可把介词置于关系代词前。Isthisthebrochurewhichsheislookingfor?这就是她在找的那本册子吗？Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterarehealthy.护士们在照看的婴儿都很健康。2.“名词/数词/代词等＋介词of＋关系代词”结构。有时“介词＋关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。Theriver，thebanksofwhicharecoveredwithtrees，flowstothesea.这条河流入大海，河的两岸都是树。Intheclassthereare50students，mostofwhomareveryhard－working.这个班里有50个学生，其中大多数都很勤奋。[即时练2]介词填空①Isthisthecar____________whichyoupaidahighprice?②Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____________whomshecouldturnforhelp.③Thehouse____________whichIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.④Ican’tremembertheage____________whichhewontheprize.⑤Thisisthepilot____________whommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.forto inatwithThebestclassroomintheworldisatthefeetofanelderlyperson.世界上最好的课堂在老人的脚下.Havingachildfallasleepinyourarmsisoneofthemostpeacefulfeelingintheworld.让一个孩子在你的臂弯入睡,你会体会到世间最安宁的感觉.Beingkindismoreimportantthanbeingright.善良比真理更重要.Youshouldneversaynotoagiftfromachild.永远不要拒绝孩子送