新人教版高中英语必修第一册课件3：Discovering Useful Structure

Restrictiverelativeclauses(2)Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorldDiscoveringUsefulStructures语法思考：定语从句的关系副词有哪些？关系副词判定依据是什么？本节语法导读在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。定语从句还叫做嵌入句，因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的引导词关系代词关系副词指人指物who(主语、宾语),whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语),whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语),whose(定语)where(地点状语)when(时间状语)why(原因状语)

如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1.找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。Iwillneverforgetthedays(_____Istayedwithyou).whenJurassicParkisaboutapark______(averyrichmankeepsdifferentkindsofdinosaurs).where1958wastheyear______(Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm).Pleasegivemethereason_____(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).whenwhyMorningisthebesttime______(youpractisereadingaloud).whenDoyourememberthelake_______(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.）where2.如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse______(thegreatwriterusedtolive).whereinwhichThehouse_________(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.which/thatLuckilynoneofthepeople_____________(Iknow)werekilledintheearthquake.who/whom/thatMyfatherwasbornintheyear______(theSecondWorldWarbrokeout).inwhichwhen3.如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。Kunmingisabeautifulplace______(flowersareseenalltheyearround).whereOctober1stistheday______(newChinawasfounded).whenThewindow(_________wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.which/thatThemeeting(_________willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.which/that

定语从句中关系副词的使用精讲1.定语从句中关系副词有：

when,where,why2.关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份：

关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。

when作时间状语；where作地点状语；why作原因状语。Herememberthedaywhenhisfatherdied.

IwentbacktotheplacewhereIwasbornandgrewup.Pleasegivemethereasonwhyyouwerelatethistime.when作时间状语，意为onthedaywhere作地点状语，意为intheplacewhy作原因状语，意为forthereason3.并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when,where,why，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，就必须用which或that。如：

Weoftenthinkofthedayswhichwespenttogetherinthecountryside.which在定语从句中作宾语比较:Weoftenthinkofthedayswhenweworkedtogetherinthecountryside.when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于onthedays。Webelievethereasonthathetoldus.

Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewasabsentyesterdayisstillunknown.Thisisthehouse(which/that)heusedtolivein.Thisisthehouseinwhich/whereheusedtolive.Iknowofaplace(which/that)wecanswimin.Iknowofaplaceinwhich/where

wecanswim.关系副词where【即学即练】1.Thisisthefactory________Ivisitedlastyear.2.Thisisthefactory_______Iworkedlastyear.3.Thisisthefactory_______producesallkindsofTVsets.A.where B.which C.whom D.whose【答案】1和3选B.which。2选A.where。【解析】做这种题时，要看先行词与定语从句中谓语动词之间的关系。1.中是动宾关系，即Ivisitedthefactory，因此选which；2.中factory应在定语从句中作地点状语，即：Iworkedinthefactory，因此选where；3.中是作定语从句中的主语，不作地点状语，因此选which。They’llneverforgetJuly1_____HongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.Thedays______weusedforeignoilaregoneforever.when=onwhichwhen=onwhich关系副词when试比较：Doyoustillremembertheday___________wespenthappilytogether?Doyoustillremembertheday______wespentourholidayhappilytogether?Doyoustillremembertheday______wewenttovisittheSummerPalace?(which/that)whenwhen【即学即练】1.Iwillneverforgettheday_______wespenttogether.2.Iwillneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogether.A.which B.when C.where D.what【即学即练】ABwhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词which”。如：Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate?Itrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefortheclass.关系副词why关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at/during…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which总结

介词的位置介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。eg.1.Iwon’tforgetthedate

when(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroom

where(inwhich)Ilived.=Thisistheroom

whichIlivedin.3.Idon’tknowthereason

why(forwhich)hehaven’tcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedays

when(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.Thefilm(____________Ifellasleep)wasveryboring.Thepainting(________Ilooked)waspaintedbyme.atwhichThebook(___________Iheard)waswrittentwentyyearsago.aboutwhichThepen(__________shewrotethatbook)cannowbeseeninamuseum.withwhichKunmingisabeautifulplace______________(flowersareseenalltheyearround).where/inwhichIwillneverforgottheday______________(Ifirstmetyouontheship).when/onwhichduringwhich结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。【即学即练】

介词的选用原则1.Thepersonwhom/who/thatyoushouldwritetoisMr.Ball.2.Thepenwhichheiswritingwithnowwasboughtyesterday.3.Thegaswhichwecannotlivewithoutiscalledoxygen.preposition+relativepronounsThepen_________heiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.Thegas____________wecannotliveiscalledoxygenTheperson________youshouldwriteisMr.Ball.towhomwithwhichwithoutwhich根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。如：①Thisisthebookonwhich

Ispent8yuan.

②Thisisthebookforwhich

Ipaid8yuan.

spendmoneyonsth.为固定搭配paymoneyforsth.为固定搭配2)根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如：①IrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.②IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedhere.③IrememberthemonthinwhichIstayedthere.强调在具体某一天要用介词on强调在某几天时间内要用介词during在month前介词要用in3)根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。

Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?4)根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。

Canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhich

I’mnotsure？5)含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。

如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。如：①Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.

这是我正在找的手表。

ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.正误②Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.

那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。

Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.正误6)以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：

Theway

(that/inwhich/--)

heansweredthequestionswassurprising.

他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。

Idon’tliketheway

(that/inwhich/--)

youlaughather.

我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。7)“介词+关系代词”前或后还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。如：①Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothof

whom

areverykindtohim.

他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。②Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhich(=ofwhichsome)havegonebad.

篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。③Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhom(=ofwhommost)arefrombigcities.

我们班总共有40个学生，大多数来自大城市。④Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhich(=ofwhichthree)areaboutcountrylife.

迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中三部是关于农村生活的。Haveyoumettheperson___________hewasspeaking?Heistheman________youcanturnforhelp.Thefarm____