2024-2025学年下学期高二英语外研社版同步经典题精练之阅读理解

第72页（共72页）2024-2025学年下学期高中英语外研社版（2019）高二同步经典题精练之阅读理解一．阅读理解（共20小题）1．Bytheendofthecentury，ifnotsooner，theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate，accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms，thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue，dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas，whilereducingitinotherspots，leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface，wheretheypullcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie，theyburycarboninthedeepocean，animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth，sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow，butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz，ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience，builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters，suchasthoseoftheArctic，awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton，andtheseareaswillturngreener."Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging，"shesaid，"butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging."Andwhydoesthatmatter？Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean，Dutkiewiczsaid，"itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive."Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecoiningdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable，buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges."It'llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange，"Dutkiewiczsaid，"butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet."（1）Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout？A．Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B．Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C．Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D．Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"vulnerable"inParagraph3probablymean？A．Sensitive.B．Beneficial.C．Significant.D．Unnoticeable.（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？A．Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B．Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C．Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D．Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.（4）Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage？A．Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B．Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C．Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D．Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.2．（2023秋•仓山区校级期末）Peoplegenerallyliketopickoutthebest﹣lookingfruitsandvegetableswhenshoppingforproduce（农产品），butCanadiansupermarketchainLoblawsisattractingcustomerswithbadly﹣shapedproduceatthepriceof30%lowerthannormal﹣lookingone.Atrialrunoftheuglyfoodline，named"NaturallyImperfect"，beganwithonlyapplesandpotatoestochoosefrom.ConsumerdemandhasbeensohugethatLoblawsisgoingtointroducemoreuglyvegetablesandfruitslikeonionsandmushrooms.AlltheproducethatwillbesoldthroughNaturallyImperfectwouldotherwisehavebeenusedinjuices，sauces，orsoups，orhavenotbeenharvestedatall.ThedirectorDanBransonexplainedthatthisprogrambenefitedbothfoodproducerswhowouldotherwisehavetoletabnormalproducegotowaste，andconsumerswhocouldbuyfreshproduceatlowprices.Andhewasright，givenhowpopularthelinehasbecome."Itreallywentwellbeyondourexpectation，"Bransonsaid."IthinkitreallyspoketothefactthatCanadiansareouttherereallylookingforsomeoptions."Ofcourse，Canadiansknowthatbeautyismorethanskindeep，andtheyalsorecognizethattheycangetthesameflavorandnutritionalbenefitsinspiteofappearances.Thepositiveresponse（响应）totheinitialofferingofapplesandpotatoesshowedtheopportunitytoexpandthelineandoffermoreoptionsatagreaterpricetoCanadianfamilies."Ifyougrowproduceinyourbackyard，therewillbealotofproducethatwon'tlookasprettyaswhatyouwillseeinagrocerystore"，saidBranson."Andnaturedoesn'tgroweverythingperfectly.I'dliketothinkifsomebodyweretotakeaNoNameNaturallyImperfectapple，putitrightbesideaNo.1apple，closehiseyesandeatthem，therewouldbenodifference."（1）Loblawsisdifferentfromothersupermarketsinthat.A．morefruitsareofferedatlowerpricesB．normal﹣lookingproduceisforbiddenthereC．imperfectproduceissoldatlowerpricesthereD．onlyapplesandpotatoesaresoldeveryday（2）AccordingtoParagraph3，Loblaws'sprogram.A．preventspeoplefromwastingtheirfoodB．happenstobeawin﹣winmodeC．teachesfoodproducershowtogrowproduceD．enablesconsumerstoeatmorefreshproduce（3）WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout？A．Canadiansareusedtoeatingperfectproduce.B．Smartconsumersknowtheimportanceofuglyproduce.C．Loblawsintendstoimprovecustomers'qualityoflife.D．Customers'supportpromotesthedevelopmentoftheuglyfoodline.（4）WhatdoBranson'swordsinthelastparagraphmainlytellus？A．Weshouldeatimperfectappleswithoureyesclosed.B．Theworldisusuallyfullofimperfectthings.C．Imperfectfruitsareastastyandnutritiousasperfectones.D．Thefruitsgrownbyourselvesaremorenutritiousthanthoseinthestore.3．（2022•苏州模拟）Itwasjustafter5pm.IwasholdingacupofteaatSainsbury's，thesecondlargestchainofsupermarketsintheU.K.Wewerearoundadozencustomersinthesupermarket'scafe，andmostofuswereonourown.Despiteplacingthespecialsign"Reservedforcustomersinthemoodforachat"inanobviousposition，Igotnotakers.GovernmentannouncerstellusthatBritonsofallagesaresufferingloneliness.About200，000seniorcitizenshavenotspokentoafriendorrelativeforoveramonth.Familydoctorssuspectthatsomeoftheirpatientsaremakingappointmentsbecausetheyarelonely.Thereceptionistsalsoagreethatthefrontdeskisamagnetfortheisolatedtocomeandexperienceabitofhumancontact.Andtheyoung，evenwiththeirbusylivesonsocialmedia，arealsoaffected.NewresearchfromSainsbury'sLivingWellIndexrevealsthatalmosttwothirdsofthepeopleagedbetween18and24haveadmittedtosometimesfeelinglonely.Toeasetheproblemofloneliness，Sainsbury'shaslaunched"TalkingTables，"whicharereservedspaceswherepeoplecanhaveachat.Theyappearinavarietyofformats.Asign﹣postedtablelocatedincafésin﹣storeisoneofthem.TheconcepthasbeendevelopedincloseassociationwithChattyCafé.AlexandraHoskynwasinspiredtostartanetworkofChattyCafésintheU.K.in2017afterfindingherselfsociallyisolatedasanewmotherathomewithyoungchildren."WeknowfromourLivingWellIndexthatcommunityconnectionsareakeydriverofhelpingpeoplelivewell，"saysJudithBatchelar，directorofSainsbury'sbrand."Wehopethatbybringingpeopletogetheratour'TalkingTables，'wecandevelopthepotentialofourstorespacetohelppeoplebebetterconnectedtothecommunitiestheyliveandworkin."AEuropeanfriendsuggestedthatallthisunsolicited（自发的）friendlinessmaynotseemveryBritish.However，astaffmemberattheSainsbury'ssoundedmorepositive："It'searlydays，andyoucannotchangepeople'shabitsovernight."（1）Whomightcometo"TalkingTable"？A．Onlythelonelyoldpeople.B．Peoplehavingcommunicationproblems.C．Teenagersactiveinsocialmedia.D．Anyoneeagertochat.（2）Whatcanweinferfromthetext？A．"TalkingTable"isapioneerintheUK.B．"TalkingTable"wasinspiredbysomenewmothers.C．FriendlinesscanchangeBritishhabitsdirectly.D．"TalkingTable"canproduceasenseofbelonging.（3）Whatistheimportantelementforpeople'swell﹣beingaccordingtoJudithBatchelar？A．Personalambition.B．Physicalandmentalhealth.C．Communicationinthecommunity.D．Relationswithfamily.（4）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？A．ThelargestsupermarketchainintheUKSainsbury's.B．Thesupermarket'scafeshelpingeaseloneliness.C．Thelateststudyonlonelinessofseniorcitizens.D．Theapproachestogettingridofloneliness.4．NewZealandisoneofthebestcountriesintheworldtoexperiencehowlifemighthavebeeninprehistorictimes.NewZealandisanaturallover'sparadise（乐园）withitsconservationreserves.KaharoaConservationTheKaharoaConservationishometoanumberofendangeredbirdsandtheNorthIslandKokakoisjustoneofthem.TheKokakoispossiblyNewZealand'smostbeautifulsongbirdwithsuchavarietyofwhistles，clicks，buzzesandwhirrsinitssoundrange.Onebirdsoundslikeachorus!MokaihahaEcologicalAreaRichinMaorihistory，theMokaihahaEcologicalAreahashighconservationandscientificvalue.BirdlifefeaturesthisnaturalwonderlandwiththesymphonyincludingsuchstarsastheTui，Kereru，Fantail，BellbirdandtheendangeredKokako.WhakarewarewaForestConservationParkIfmountainbikingisyourthing，thenthisistheplaceforyou!TheWhakarewarewaForestprovidesanetworkoftracksthroughexceptionallyimpressivescenerythathasmadeRotoruafamousforitsmountainbiking.MaungatautariEcologicalIslandAprojectofgreatecologicalimportanceisbeingundertakenbyacommunityaimedattherestorationofMaungatautarivolcanoforest.ThevolcanoforesthassustainedthelivesofitswildlifeforhundredsofyearsbutsincetheintroductionofEuropeanpestssuchasdeer，rabbits，goats，pigsandrats，thenativevarietiesofmammals，birdsandplantshavebeenfacingthreats.Theaimofthecourageousprojectistogetridofallintroducedpestsfromthe3363hectaresofforest.Luckily，lifeintheforestofMaungatautariisbeginningtoawakenagain.（1）WhatisspecialaboutthebirdKokako？A．Itcanmakedifferentsounds.B．Itisacommonspecies.C．ItonlylivesintheKaharoaConservation.D．Itisthemostbeautifulbirdsintheworld.（2）Whichissuitableformountainbikinglovers？A．KaharoaConservation.B．MokaihahaEcologicalArea.C．WhakarewarewaForestConservationPark.D．MaungatautariEcologicalIsland.（3）WhatcanwelearnaboutMaungatautariEcologicalIsland？A．Thereisalivevolcanoontheisland.B．Introducedspeciesthreatennativeones.C．Therestorationprojectisofnoeffect.D．ItisrichinMaorihistory.5．Scientistshavelongknownthatacrow（乌鸦）nativetoNewCaledoniaisabletousetools.Thebirdsusethemtoremovefoodfromdeepholes.NowAmericanresearchershavediscoveredasecondspeciesofcrowwiththesameability.TheyreportedontheirexperimentswithAlalacrows，whicharefromtheHawaiianIslands.Intheexperiment，theresearchersplacedpiecesoffoodinholesinsidethewood.Theholesweretoodeepforthecrowstoreachwiththeirbeaks（鸟喙）.But，byusingsmallpiecesofwoodheldintheirbeaks，Alalacrowsquicklygotthefood.Theyusedsmallobjectsastools，sometimeschangingthembyshorteningtoo﹣longsticks.Theyalsomadetoolsfromplantmaterials."Thecrowsusetheirbeaksaspeopleusethumbsontheirhands.Tool﹣useisrareintheanimalkingdom."saidChritianRutzofUniversityofSt.Andrews."Currentevidencestronglysuggeststhattool﹣useispartofthespecies'naturalbehavioralpattern（行为模式）.Thesebirdshadnospecialtraininginthestudy，yetmostofthemwereskilledathandlingsticktools."Birdexpertsclaimfindingoutthatthecrowsusingtoolsisanimportantdiscovery."Itmakesusrethinkhowtolookatthewholetool﹣useideanowandencouragesustogooutandlookforthingsthatwemayhaveignoredbefore.AlltheAlalacrowsleftintheworldliveinHawaii.Therewerelessthan20Alalacrowsleftinthelate1990swhenscientistsdecidedtobringthemintoaprotectedarea.Now，itisreportedthatthereareover100birdslivingthere.Scientistsplantoreleaseasmallnumberofthebirdsbackintothewildlater.（1）WhatarethefindingsofAmericanresearchers？A．Alalacrowscanalsousetools.B．It'sdifficultforbirdstolookforfood.C．NewCaledoniaishometosomecrows.D．TheHawaiianIslandsarefullofrarebirds.（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy？A．Theholeswereverybigandwide.B．Alalacrowscouldonlyuseshortsticks.C．Alalacrowsgotthefoodbyworkingtogether.D．Alalacrowswoulddealwithtoolsifnecessary.（3）WhatdoChritianRutz'swordsmean？A．UsingtoolscomesnaturallytoAlalacrows.B．UsingsticktoolsisnoteasyforAlalacrows.C．Alalacrows'beakslooklikepeople'shands.D．Alalacrowswon'tusetoolswithoutbeingtrained.（4）WhatdoscientistsplantodowithAlalacrows？A．MoveallofthemoutofHawaii.B．Increasethepopulationofthem.C．Setsomeofthemfreeinnature.D．Buildmoreprotectedareasforthem.6．MywifeLauraandIwereonthebeach，withthreeofourchildren，takingpicturesofshorebirdsnearourhomeinAlaskawhenwespottedabear.Thebearwasthinandsmall，movingaimlessly.Justafewminuteslater，Iheardmydaughtershouting，"Dad!Thebearisrightbehindus!"Anaggressivebearwillusuallyrushforwardtofrightenawayitsenemybutwouldsuddenlystopatthelastminute.Thisonewassilentanditsearspinnedback﹣thesign（迹象）ofananimalthatisgoinginforthekill.AnditwasacoldAprilday.Thebearbehavedabnormally，probablybecauseofhunger.Iheldmycameratripod（三脚架）inbothhandstoformabarrierasthebearrushedintome.Itshugeheadwaslevelwithmychestandshoulders，andthetripodstuckacrossitsmouth.ItbitdownandIfoundmyselfsupportingitsweight.IknewIwouldnotbeabletoholditforlong.Evenso，thiswasafightIhadtowin：Iwasallthatstoodbetweenthebearandmyfamily，whowouldstandlittlechanceofrunningfasterthanabrownbear.Thebearhitatthecamera，cuttingitoffthetripod.Iraisedmyleftarmtoprotectmyface；thebeastheldtightlyonthetripodandpresseditintomyside.Myarmcouldnotmove，andIsensedthatmybonesweregoingtobreak.Drawingbackmyfreehand，IstruckthebearashardasIcouldforfiveorsixtimes.ThebearopeneditsmouthandIgraspeditsfur，tryingtopushitaway.Iwasactuallywrestling（扭打）withthebearatthispoint.Then，assuddenlyasithadbegun，thefightended.Thebearmovedbacktowardstheforest，beforereturningforanotherattack﹣thefirsttimeIfeltpanic.Apparentlysatisfiedthatwecausednofurtherthreat，thebearmovedoff，destroyingafenceasitwent.Myarmwasinjured，buttheoutcomeforuscouldhardlyhavebeenbetter.I'mproudthatmyfamilyremainedclear﹣headedwhenpaniccouldhaveledtoaverydifferentoutcome.（1）Thebrownbearapproachedthefamilyinorderto.A．catchshorebirdsB．startanattackC．protectthechildrenD．setupabarrierforitself（2）Thebearfinallywentawayafterit.A．feltsafeB．gotinjuredC．foundsomefoodD．tookawaythecamera（3）Thewriterandhisfamilysurvivedmainlyduetotheir.A．prideB．patienceC．calmnessD．cautiousness7．FREMONT，Calif.﹣AmongalargegroupofpeoplewhoarestartingSiliconValleycompaniesandwebsites，it'shardtofindonemoreinspiringthan17﹣year﹣oldSurayaShivji.AfterteachingherselftoprogramiPhonegamingapps（应用软件）andgettingthempostedonApple'sAppStore，theFremontteenisusingthem﹣alongwithacrowd﹣fundingcampaign（大众筹资活动）shebeganthisyearonherwebsite，Rizikitoto﹣toraisemoneyforAfricanorphans（孤儿）.Sofar，RizikitotohashelpedSurayaraiseabout1，300dollarsforthechildren，withmoneyfromeachappgiventoaparticularchild.Surayatalkedaboutherplansinaninterview.Q：Whatcausedyoutowanttohelpthesechildren？A：IwenttoAfricaacoupleofyearsago，andmysisterandIvolunteeredatanorphanageinUganda.MostofthechildrenIworkedwithwere10and11.Theorphanswerereallytalentedandreallybright.Ijustsawtheneed.Ilikedtheideathatanyonelikemecouldhelp.Q：Whatmadeyouthinkofusingyourgamingapps？A：Itaughtmyselfhowtoprogramafewyearsago.Theappsaregreat.ButIdidn'twantthemtojustsitontheAppStoreasstupidgames.AndthenIthoughtofconnectingeachonetoakidattheorphanageIworkedat.Sothat'showitstarted.Q：Doyoumakemoneybyhavingpeoplepaytodownloadthem？A：Acoupleofthemmustbepaidforbuttherestarefreewithadvertisements.Thefirstoneswerefree，becauseIwantedtogetthingsrolling.ButI'mprettysurefromnowonI'llhaveallofthempaidfor，becauseit'sthebestwaytogrowsuccessfully.Q：HowdoyouseeRizikitotodeveloping？A：Icanseeitbeingprettybig.Iwantotherkidstoprogramappsforthecompany，soitwon'tbejustmyself.I'mtryingtoreachouttoothergroups，too.AndI'dliketoworkonmoreprojectslikethis.（1）What'sthebesttitleforthetext？A．GiveKidsaHand.B．MakeMoneyfromApps.C．AppsforAfricanOrphans.D．ASpecialAfricanTeenageGirl.（2）SurayacameupwiththeideaofhelpingAfricanorphans.A．becauseofhertriptoUgandaB．undertheinfluenceofhersisterC．togetherwithothervolunteersinAfricaD．aftershesawthehardshipatanorphanage（3）Theunderlinedpart"getthingsrolling"probablymeans".A．makeanearlystartB．makeanexperimentC．makethingsbeginsmoothlyD．makethingseasyandsimple（4）WhatdoesSurayathinkofthefutureofRizikitoto？A．Worrying.B．Uncertain.C．Challenging.D．Bright.8．Themarchoftechnologymayseemunstoppable，butalldigitalthingsmayhaveawaytogobeforetheyreplacethetraditionalbedtimebook﹣thepaperone.Anewstudyshowsthatpaperbooksarebetterthane﹣booksforbedtimereading.Thestudysuggeststhatthegoodoldprintedbook，withrealpagesthatyouturnwithyourfingers，makesparentsandchildreninteractmorethantheydowhenreadingwithanelectronicbook.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganstudiedhow37pairsofparentsandchildreninteractedwithe﹣booksandpaperbooks.Theresearchersfoundthatwithelectronicbooks，parentsaskedtheirchildrenfewerquestionsandsharedfeweropinionsaboutthestory.Thestudyinvolvedobservingparentsandchildren（agedtwoorthree）readingfromthreedifferentbookformats.Thesewereprintedbooks，basice﹣books，andadvancede﹣bookswithpicturesandsoundeffects.Theresearchersdiscoveredthattheparentsandchildreninteractedwitheachotherlesswithbothtypesofe﹣booksthantheydidwiththeprintedbooksAresearchersaidthatwhentheydidspeak，theypreferredtotalkaboutthedeviceandthetechnologyratherthanfocusonthestory.Moreoften，childrenwouldsaythingslike，."Don'tpushthatbutton（按钮）or"Don'tchangethevolume（音量）"insteadofaskingquestionsormakingobservationsaboutthestory.（1）Whatbookscanmakeparentsandchildrenknoweachotherbetter？A．PrintedbooksB．Basice﹣books.C．Advancede﹣books.D．Bedtimebooks.（2）What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"interact"inParagraph1？A．Communicate.B．Compete.C．Disagree.D．Agree.（3）Whatcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraph？A．E﹣booksarebetterthanpaperbooks.B．Theresearchershavereadvariousbooks.C．Therearethreedifferentkindsofbooksintheworld.D．Printedbookshelppeoplebetterunderstandthecontents.（4）Whatmightachildsayifheorsheisreadinge﹣books？A．Pleaseturnoffthelight.B．Pleasecolourthebutton.C．Don'tturndownthevolume.D．Don'tpassthebooktome.9．DoctorsWithoutBorders，whichwassetupin1971bydoctorsandjournalistsinFrance，isahumanitarian（慈善的）organizationalsoknownasitsFrenchname，MédecinsSansFrontières，andhandlesemergenciescausedbywars，infectiousdiseasesandnaturaldisasters.Today，thegroupprovideshumanitarianmedicalaidinmorethan70countries.Over90percentofitsmoneycomesfromprivatesources.In1999，thegroupreceivedtheNobelPeacePrize.LivinginEmergency：StoriesofDoctorsWithoutBordersisadocumentarybythemoviedirectorMarkHopkins.IttellsthestoriesoffourdoctorsandtheirvoluntaryworkinLiberiaandtheDemocraticRepublicofCongo.Mr.Hopkinsandhiscrewfilmedthedoctorsworkingundersomeofthemostextremeanddangerousconditions.DoctorTomKruegerfromtheUnitedStatesinthefilmvolunteeredinLiberiain2003，aftertwocivilwars.Hesaid，"ItwasprettymuchofashockwhenIgothere.Youcan'tdescribethefeelingoftheheatinyourbodyandthesweatrunningdownyourback，andthesmellofthepus（脓）thathitsyournoseandofunwashedbodiesinaclosedroom."Anotherdoctorinthefilm，AustralianChrisBrasheer，hasbeenwithDoctorsWithoutBordersfornineyears.HehasservedintheDemocraticRepublicofCongoandspenttimeinLiberia.Hesaid，"Nowater，noelectricity，nofood﹣prettyapocalypticreally."DoctorChiaraLeporafromItalyalsoappearsinthefilm.Shespentseveralyearsworkingwiththegroup.Shesaid，"Iwillprobablyreturn.Therearealotofdoctorswhoarewillingtovolunteeronce，butnotmanydoctorswhoarewillingtorepeattheirexperience."（1）WhatcanweknowaboutDoctorsWithoutBorders？A．Itfindspeacefulsolutionstoworldproblems.B．Itprovidesfreemedicalaidforthecountriesintrouble.C．Mostofitsmoneycomesfromthegovernment.D．Itwasstartedonlybydoctorsintheearly1970s.（2）WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutLivinginEmergency：StoriesofDoctorsWithoutBorders？A．ItisadocumentaryaboutMr.Hopkins'crew.B．Ittellsthestoriesof4doctorsfromthesamecountry.C．ItisabouthowDoctorsWithoutBorderswassetup.D．Itwasfilmedincountriesfullofstarvationandthirst.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"apocalyptic"inthefourthparagraphprobablymean？A．Likethedangerousconditions.B．Liketheendoftheworld.C．Likethesmellofdeadbodies.D．Likethefeelingofsadness.10．（2023•遂平县校级开学）Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears，butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter﹣gatherers，small，tightlyknit（联系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10，000yearsago，whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople，theyspokeperhaps12，000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards，manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers，andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies，trade，industrialisation，thedevelopmentofthenation﹣stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation，especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades，allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear，anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish，SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent，theworldhasabout6，800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages，oftenspokenbymanypeople，whilehot，wetzoneshavelots，oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages；theAmericasabout1，000；Africa2，400；andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3，200，ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber（中位数）ofspeakersisamere6，000，whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6，800languagesareclosetoextinction（消亡），withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick，atrandom，BusuuinCameroon（eightremainingspeakers），ChiapanecoinMexico（150），LipanApacheintheUnitedStates（twoorthree）orWadjiguinAustralia（one，withaquestion﹣mark）：noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.（1）Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter﹣gatherertimes？A．Theydevelopedveryfast.B．Theywerelargeinnumber.C．Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D．Theywerecloselyconnected.（2）Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinParagraph2？A．Complex.B．Advanced.C．Powerful.D．Modern.（3）Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6，000peopleatpresent？A．About6，800.B．About3，400.C．About2，400.D．About1，200.（4）Whatisthemainideaofthetext？A．Newlanguageswillbecreated.B．People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C．Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D．Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.11．（2023秋•铜山区期中）Intheolddays，whenyouhadtodrivetoamovietheatertogetsomeentertainment，itwaseasytoseehowyouractionscouldhaveanimpactontheenvironment.Afterall，youwerejumpingintoyourcar，drivingacrosstowns，coughingoutemissions（排放）andusinggasalltheway.Butnowthatwe'reusedtostayingathomeandstreaming（流式传输）movies，wemightgetalittleproud.Afterall，we'rejustpickingupourphonesandmaybeturningontheTV.You'rewelcome.MotherNature.Notsofast，saysarecentreportfromtheFrench﹣basedShitProject.AccordingtoClimateCrisis：TheUnsustainableUseofOnlineVideo，digitaltechnologiesareresponsiblefor4%ofgreenhousegasemissions，andthatenergyuseisincreasingby9%ayear.Watchingahalf﹣hourshowwouldleadto3.5poundsofCO2emissions.That'slikedriving6.28kilometers.AndintheEuropeanUnion，theEurecaprojectfoundthatdatacenters（wherevideosarestored）thereused25%moreenergyin2017comparedtojustthreeyearsearlier，reportstheBBC.Streamingisonlyexpectedtoincreaseaswebecomemoreenamoredofourdigitaldevices（设备）andthepossibilityofenjoyingentertainmentwhereandwhenwewantittoincrease.Onlinevideouseisexpectedtoincreasebyfourtimesfrom2017to2022andaccountfor80%ofallInternettrafficby2022.Bythen，about60%oftheworld'spopulationwillbeonline.You'reprobablynotgoingtogiveupyourstreamingservices，butthere'rethingsyoucandotohelplessentheimpactofyouronlineuse，expertssay.Forexample，accordingtoLutzStobbe，aresearcherfromtheFraunhoferInstituteinBerlin，wehavenoneedtoupload25picturesofthesamethingtothecloudbecauseitconsumesenergyeverytime.Ifinsteadyoudeleteafewthingshereandthere，youcansaveenergy.Moreover，it'salsoagood