人教版(新教材)高中英语必修3Unit 1　Festivals and Celebrations学案：Discovering Useful Structures-动词-ing形式作定语和表语

人教版(新教材)高中英语必修第三册PAGEPAGE1DiscoveringUsefulStructures——动词-ing形式作定语和表语1.IthinktheRioCarnivalwouldbethemostexciting.2.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestivalinChina，familiesgathertoadmiretheshiningmoonandenjoydeliciousmooncakes.3.AnotherexampleisHalloween，whichslowlybecameanexcitingfestivalforchildren，inspiteofitsreligiousorigins.4.Onlineshoppingwebsitesandsocialmediaappshavemadeitmucheasierforthepublictospendmoreongiftsfortheirlovedones.一、动词-ing形式作定语单个动词-ing形式作定语，常放在被修饰词前作前置定语；动词-ing形式短语作定语，常放在被修饰词后作后置定语。1.动名词作定语，表示被修饰词的某种功能或用途，相当于由for构成的介词短语。areadingroom＝aroomforreading阅览室aworkingmethod＝amethodforworking工作方法awashingmachine＝amachineforwashing洗衣机runningshoes＝shoesforrunning跑鞋2.现在分词作定语，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，表示所修饰词正在进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor’sfather.→Themanwhoisspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor’sfather.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。Theboyplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.→Theboythat/whoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。同义句转换①Thetaxithattookustotheairportbrokedown.→Thetaxitakingustotheairportbrokedown.②Theproblemthatisbeingdiscussedisaboutfoodsafety.→Theproblembeing__discussedisaboutfoodsafety.③Thestudentstayedintheroomusedforreadingforanhour.→Thestudentstayedin__the__reading__roomforanhour.④Thatwasanexperiencethatfrightenedeveryone.→Thatwasa__frightening__experience.二、动词-ing形式作表语作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。1.现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征和状态等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing...这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。Theargumentisveryconvincing.这个论点很令人信服。Yourspeechisveryinterestingandencouraging.你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。〖名师提醒〗动词-ing形式作表语有时相当于形容词，用于说明主语的特征，意为“令人……的”；动词-ed形式作表语有时相当于形容词，表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”。常用的动词-ing形式及其动词-ed形式：表示“令人……的”表示“感到……”interesting有趣的interested感兴趣的exciting令人激动的excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的worried感到担心的Thenewswassoexcitingthatwewereexcitedatthenews.这个消息太令人兴奋了，我们听到这个消息都很兴奋。Thesnakelookedquitefrighteningandtheladyletoutacryofscreamatthesightofit.那条蛇看起来很吓人，那位女士一看到它就发出一声尖叫。Theyaresatisfiedwiththeirpresentjob.他们对现在的工作很满意。2.动名词作表语，用于说明主语的内容，即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.→Keepingthelecturehallascleanaspossibleisherjob.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。Herdutyistakingcareofthebabies.→Takingcareofthebabiesisherduty.照看婴儿是她的职责。用单词的适当形式填空①Myfirstjobwasworking(work)attheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)②Thefilmissofrightening(frighten)thatwedon’twanttoseeitagain.③Pleasestopmakingthenoise—it’sgettingannoying(annoy).④Buyinga