2025 年可持续发展融资全球展望（英）-225正式版

GlobalOutlookonFinancing

forSustainableDevelopment2025

TowardsaMoreResilientandInclusiveArchitecture

GlobalOutlookonFinancing

forSustainableDevelopment

2025

TOWARDSAMORERESILIENTANDINCLUSIVE

ARCHITECTURE

ThisworkispublishedundertheresponsibilityoftheSecretary-GeneraloftheOECD.Theopinionsexpressedand

argumentsemployedhereindonotnecessarilyreflecttheofficialviewsoftheMembercountriesoftheOECD.

Thisdocument,aswellasanydataandmapincludedherein,arewithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyover

anyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea.

ThestatisticaldataforIsraelaresuppliedbyandundertheresponsibilityoftherelevantIsraeliauthorities.Theuseof

suchdatabytheOECDiswithoutprejudicetothestatusoftheGolanHeights,EastJerusalemandIsraelisettlementsin

theWestBankunderthetermsofinternationallaw.

NotebytheRepublicofTürkiye

Theinformationinthisdocumentwithreferenceto“Cyprus”relatestothesouthernpartoftheIsland.Thereisnosingle

authorityrepresentingbothTurkishandGreekCypriotpeopleontheIsland.TürkiyerecognisestheTurkishRepublicof

NorthernCyprus(TRNC).UntilalastingandequitablesolutionisfoundwithinthecontextoftheUnitedNations,Türkiye

shallpreserveitspositionconcerningthe“Cyprusissue”.

NotebyalltheEuropeanUnionMemberStatesoftheOECDandtheEuropeanUnion

TheRepublicofCyprusisrecognisedbyallmembersoftheUnitedNationswiththeexceptionofTürkiye.The

informationinthisdocumentrelatestotheareaundertheeffectivecontroloftheGovernmentoftheRepublicofCyprus.

Pleasecitethispublicationas:

OECD(2025),GlobalOutlookonFinancingforSustainableDevelopment2025:TowardsaMoreResilientandInclusive

Architecture,OECDPublishing,Paris,/10.1787/753d5368-en.

ISBN978-92-64-54906-7(print)

ISBN978-92-64-83042-4(PDF)

ISBN978-92-64-90428-6(HTML)

GlobalOutlookonFinancingforSustainableDevelopment

ISSN3079-2126(online)

Photocredits:Someelementsofthecoverdesignadaptedfrom©F.

CorrigendatoOECDpublicationsmaybefoundat:/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.

©OECD2025

Attribution4.0International(CCBY4.0)

ThisworkismadeavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution4.0Internationallicence.Byusingthiswork,youaccepttobeboundbythetermsofthislicence

(/licenses/by/4.0/).

Attribution–youmustcitethework.

Translations–youmustcitetheoriginalwork,identifychangestotheoriginalandaddthefollowingtext:Intheeventofanydiscrepancybetweentheoriginalworkandthe

translation,onlythetextoforiginalworkshouldbeconsideredvalid.

Adaptations–youmustcitetheoriginalworkandaddthefollowingtext:ThisisanadaptationofanoriginalworkbytheOECD.Theopinionsexpressedandargumentsemployedin

thisadaptationshouldnotbereportedasrepresentingtheofficialviewsoftheOECDorofitsMembercountries.

Third-partymaterial–thelicencedoesnotapplytothird-partymaterialinthework.Ifusingsuchmaterial,youareresponsibleforobtainingpermissionfromthethirdpartyandfor

anyclaimsofinfringement.

YoumustnotusetheOECDlogo,visualidentityorcoverimagewithoutexpresspermissionorsuggesttheOECDendorsesyouruseofthework.

AnydisputearisingunderthislicenceshallbesettledbyarbitrationinaccordancewiththePermanentCourtofArbitration(PCA)ArbitrationRules2012.Theseatofarbitrationshall

beParis(France).Thenumberofarbitratorsshallbeone.

3

Foreword

UnderstandingtheglobaltrendsaffectingtheFinancingforDevelopment(FfD)

Agenda

ThebiennialflagshipGlobalOutlookonFinancingforSustainableDevelopmentprovidesacomprehensive

analysisofmajortrendsimpactingtheglobalfinancialsystemandfinancingfortheSustainable

DevelopmentGoals(SDGs).Thereportaddressestheinterconnectedcriseshinderingprogresstowards

the2030Agenda,includingtheimpactsoftheCOVID-19pandemic,theclimatecrisis,risinginequalities,

fragilityandthegrowingfinancialgapsindevelopingcountries.Byofferingmultidisciplinaryinsights,it

highlightstheinterdependenceofeconomicandsocialsystemsandtheurgencyofcollectiveactionfor

fairer,inclusiveglobalgrowth.

TheOutlookservesasacriticalresourcefordevelopmentco-operationprovidersbyraisingtheimportance

ofnewsystemicchallenges,fosteringpolicycoherenceforsustainabledevelopmentanddemystifyingthe

complexityofemergingco-operationactorsandfinancialmodalities.Throughitsevidence-based

recommendations,itaimstohelptheOECDanditsmembersshapetheinternationalresponseto

developmentchallenges,ascustodiansofnormsandstandardsforsustainabledevelopmentfinance.

FromAddisAbabatoSeville:takingstockofprogressandsetbacks

TenyearsaftertheadoptionoftheAddisAbabaActionAgenda(AAAA)in2015,thiseditiontakesstock

ofprogressandsetbacks,analysingemergingchallengesinfinancingsustainabledevelopment.Its

comprehensivereviewoftheAAAAcommitmentsallowstheinternationalcommunitytoassesshowwell

theframeworkhasrespondedtoevolvingglobaldynamics,andwhereadjustmentsareneededtobetter

alignwiththe2030AgendaandParisAgreement.ByexaminingthesevenactionareasoftheAAAA,it

providescriticalinsightsintosystemicbarriers,highlightinginnovativesolutionsandactionablepathways

forstrengtheningtheglobalfinancingarchitecture,andensuringitremainsfitforpurposeinthepost-2025

era.

Statisticalannexes,attheendofeachchapterstartingfromChaptertwo,provideaparagraph-by-

paragraphassessmentoftheAAAA,withkeydatapointstrackingprogressagainstrelevantSDGtargets

andindicators.ThedatapointsaremainlydrawnfromtheUN’sSustainableDevelopmentGoalsExtended

Report2024anditsstatisticalannexes.TrenddatainareinconstantUSD2015pricesunlessotherwise

indicated.

FormalinputtotheFourthInternationalConferenceonFinancingforSustainable

Development(FfD4)

TheOECDinter-directoratetaskforce,ledbytheDevelopmentCo-operationDirectorate(DCD),prepared

factsheetsandstatisticalannexestomonitorprogressonthesevenactionareasoftheAAAAwithcritical

GLOBALOUTLOOKONFINANCINGFORSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT2025©OECD2025

4

analysisandkeydatapoints.SubmittedtotheUnitedNationsandMemberStatestoinformpreparations

fortheFfD4Elementspaper,theyalignwithinternationalprocessesandhavebeenfinalisedaschapters

twotoeightwithinthisreport.Toensureinclusivity,thedraftsweremadepubliclyavailableforfeedback,

reflectingtheOECD’scommitmenttobroadconsultationandcollaborationwithstakeholders.Throughits

factsheetsandstatisticalannexes,theOutlookenhancesaccountabilityandtransparency,equipping

countrieswithtoolstomeasureprogressandimprovetheeffectivenessoftheirfinancingstrategies.

TheOECDresponsetoFfD4challenges

Facedwithsignificantchallenges,includingescalatingfinancinggapsandgeopoliticaltensions,theFfD4

Conferenceneedstobalanceambitionwithpracticalityinaddressingsustainabledevelopmentpriorities.

Inclusivegovernanceandpolicycoherencearecriticaltoovercomingthesehurdles,asdisparitiesin

decision-makingstructuresandresourceallocationundermineglobaltrustandcooperation.Inresponse,

theOECD’sGlobalOutlookonFinancingforSustainableDevelopmentofferspracticalsupporttoFfD4

negotiators,withevidence-basedinsightsandrecommendationstoalignpriorities,fosterequityand

integratediversestakeholderperspectives.Byemphasisinginclusivedecision-makingprocessesthat

amplifythevoicesofdevelopingcountries,andleveragingitsexpertiseinpolicycoherence,theOECD

aimstohelpcraftafinancingframeworkthatisresilient,actionable,andcapableofmeetingthepost-2025

sustainabledevelopmentagenda.

GLOBALOUTLOOKONFINANCINGFORSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT2025©OECD2025

5

Acknowledgements

This2025editionoftheGlobalOutlookonFinancingforSustainableDevelopmentwaspreparedunder

theoverallleadershipofPilarGarrido,OECDDirectorforDevelopmentCo-operation(DCD).Olivier

Cattaneo,HeadofthePolicyAnalysisandStrategyUnitinDCD,andRachelMorris,PolicyAnalyst,led

thedraftingofthereport.ContributingauthorswereClemenceDecisy,JieunKim,withvaluableresearch

supportbyApollineGreiveldingerandadditionalsupportprovidedbyGabrieleCristofaro.

TheOECD’sinter-directorateTaskForceonFinancingforDevelopment(FfD),undertheguidanceof

DeputySecretary-GeneralMaryBethGoodman,advancedtechnicalandhigh-levelmeetingstoprepare

strategicguidanceoninputsfortheFourthInternationalConferenceonFinancingforDevelopment(FfD4),

ledbyPilarGarridowithCarmineDiNoia,DirectorforFinancialandEnterpriseAffairs(DAF),Ragnheiður

ElínÁrnadóttir,DirectoroftheDevelopmentCentre(DEV),ManalCorwin,DirectoroftheCentreforTax

PolicyandAdministration(CTPA),AlvaroPereira,ChiefEconomisttotheEconomicsDepartment(ECO),

JoTyndall,DirectorfortheEnvironmentDirectorate(ENV),ElsaPilichowski,DirectorforPublic

Governance(GOV),AndreasSchaal,DirectorforGlobalRelationsandCooperation(GRC),Jerry

Sheehan,DirectorforScience,TechnologyandInnovation(STI),DominicO'Shea,Directorforthe

ResourceManagementandPartnershipsUnit(SWAC),MarionJansen,DirectorforTradeandAgriculture

(TAD),RominaBoarini,DirectorfortheCentreonWell-Being,Inclusion,SustainabilityandEqual

Opportunity(WISE)ImportantcommentsandanalysiswereprovidedbymembersoftheOECDinter-

directorateTaskForceonFinancingforDevelopment(FfD),includingYasminAhmad,FaresAlHussami,

BriléAnderson,CatherineAnderson,GeraldineAng,SilviaAppelt,JoseAntonioArdavin,WiebkeBartz-

Zuccala,,AussamaBejraoui,EricBensel,MarisaBerbegalIbanez,ElenaBernaldodeQuiros,Francesca

Bertolino,ThomasBoehler,AlexanderBohmer,EmilyBosch,JoaoPauloBraga,MonicaBrezzi,Juan

CasadoAsensio,RaffaellaCenturelli,MarioCervantes,CibeleCesca,TeaCimini,CarlosConde,Wouter

Coussement,RitaDaCosta,PietrangeloDeBiase,CaioDeOliveira,MarcDeTollenaere,Antoine

Dechezlepretre,HarshDesai,EliseDesplanques,BenDickinson,JohnDrummond,KerriElgar,Marta

Encinas-Martin,AbdoulayeFabregas,MargheritaFadda,ChiaraFalduto,SamFoxall,CamiloGamba

Gamba,ValérieGaveau,CarolinaGuerra,AnibalGuerreroAguilar,AlejandroGuerrero-Ruiz,Laura

Gutierrez,MichelleHarding,JennyHedman,JamesHermanson,PaulHorrocks,TomasHos,Renwick

Irvine,RaphaelJachnik,JulianKath,GeorginaKelly,MeganGraceKennedy-Chouane,AnthonyKiernan,

AnitaKing,FatosKoc,EmilieKothe,BenjaminKumpf,HirofumiKyunai,MartinaLejtreger,IrisMantovani,

VirginieMarchal,VasilikiMavroeidi,LauraMcDonald,IdaMcDonnell,LouiseMenard,SebastianNieto

Parra,JoseRenéOrozco,JulianPaisey,CeciliaPiemonte,JanRielaender,CécileSangare,NejlaSaula,

RachelSberro-Kessler,KerstinSchopohl,RolfSchwarz,JensSedemund,VincentSiegerink,Ernesto

SoriaMorales,TomaszKozluk,JosephStead,HectorTajonardeLara,OzlemTaskin,TatyanaTeplova,

HarryToninoandJacquelineWood.Additionally,JoelleBassoul,CatherineBremer,KarenaGarnier,

MasatoHayashikawa,OlaKasneci,Henri-BernardSolignac-Lecomte,YumikoSugayaandLuciaZarama

assistedintheproductionprocess.SusanSachsprovidededitorialreview.

Memberstatesprovidedvaluableinputsandcomments,includingtheUnitedStatesAgencyfor

InternationalDevelopment(USAID),thePermanentDelegationofItalytotheInternationalOrganizations

inParis,theNewZealandDelegationtotheOECDandthePermanentMissionofAustriatotheOECD.

GLOBALOUTLOOKONFINANCINGFORSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT2025©OECD2025

6

Editorial

The4thInternationalConferenceonFinancingforDevelopmentinSevilleon30June-3July2025offers

arareopportunitytorenewtheglobalfinancingframeworkforachievingtheSustainableDevelopment

Goals(SDGs)andtoaddressthegrowingSDGfinancinggap.

TotalfinancingforsustainabledevelopmentgrewfromUSD4.31trillionin2015toUSD5.24trillionin

2022,anincreaseof22%.However,annualfinancingneedstoachievetheSDGsby2030surgedby36%

overthesameperiod,fromUSD6.81trillionin2015to9.24trillionin2022,drivenbyclimatechallenges,

theCOVID-19pandemic,supplychaindisruptionsandrisingfoodandenergyprices.IftheSDGfinancing

gapcontinuestogrowatits2015-2023rate,itwillreachUSD6.4trillionby2030.

ThecurrentUSD4.0trillionSDGfinancinggaphassignificantimplications,particularlyforlow-income

countries(LICs).Whiletheearly2000ssawLICsnarrowthegapintheirGDPpercapitawithhigh-income

nationsatarateof0.5%peryear,thetrendhasreversedsince2015,withLICsfallingfurtherbehindby

1.1%annually.Compoundingthis,risingdebtburdensnowputpressureoncriticalinvestmentsinhealth,

education,andclimateresilience.In2024,24countriesfacedhighriskofdebtdistress,upfrom16in2015.

The4thInternationalConferenceonFinancingforDevelopmentisanopportunitytodeveloppractical

strategiestobridgethefinancinggap.Innovationinfinancialandpolicytoolsisessential.Thisincludes

policyandincentivereformsinOECDcountriestobetteralignfinancewiththeSDGs,improvingthe

investmentclimateindevelopingcountries,andareformofmultilateraldevelopmentbanks,whichis

underway.

Strengtheningdomesticresourcemobilisationisacornerstoneofsustainabledevelopmentfinancing.At

11%in2022,thetax-to-GDPratioinLICsremainsbelowthe15%thresholdthatisnecessaryforproviding

keypublicservices.Effortstoincreasetaxrevenues,improvetransparency,enhancecomplianceandbuild

taxationcapacitymustcontinue,whichtheOECDwillcontinuetosupportthroughourjointinitiativewith

theUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme(UNDP),TaxInspectorsWithoutBorders.

Officialdevelopmentassistance(ODA)remainsanessentialsourceofsustainabledevelopmentfinancing.

In2023,ODAreachedanall-timehighofUSD223billionincurrentpricesorUSD194billionin2015

constantprices,upby48%fromUSD131billionin2015forOECDDevelopmentAssistanceCommittee

membercountries.Furthersupportisneededtostrengthencorecapacitiesandinstitutionsindeveloping

countriesthroughcountry-programmableaid,budgetsupport,technicalassistanceandcapacitybuilding.

Equallyimportantisthequalityoffinancing:resourcesmustalignwiththeprinciplesofdevelopment

effectivenesstoensuretheydrivemeaningfuloutcomes,supportedbytheGlobalPartnershiponEffective

DevelopmentCo-operationco-hostedbytheOECDandUNDP.

Remittanceshavegrownsteadilysince2015,reachingUSD476billionin2023,buttransfercostsremain

highat6.4%,morethandoubletheSDGtargetof3%,leadingtoUSD16billioninlossesfordeveloping

countryhouseholdsannually.Increasedaccesstobankingservices,enhancedmarketcompetitionand

wideraccesstonewpaymentstechnologycanhelpreduceremittancecosts.Foreigndirectinvestment

(FDI)inflowstoODA-eligiblecountriesreachedUSD335billionin2022,similartoUSD338billionin2015.

GLOBALOUTLOOKONFINANCINGFORSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT2025©OECD2025

7

InitiativessuchasthejointOECD-AfricanUnionCommissionAfricanVirtualInvestmentPlatformorthe

FDIQualitiesPolicyToolkitcanhelpleverageFDIandoptimiseitsquality.

ThisspecialeditionoftheOECDGlobalOutlookonFinancingforSustainableDevelopmentprovides

policymakersandnegotiatorswithkeyevidence,dataandanalysistoinformtheircountrypositionsahead

oftheforthcoming4thInternationalConferenceonFinancingforDevelopment,andultimatelytohelp

optimisetheimpactofanewfinancialframeworkfordevelopment.TheOECDwillcontinuetosupport

countriesinscalingupsustainabledevelopmentfinancing,includingbyprovidingsounddataandanalysis

fortheConference,andbeyond.

MathiasCormann,

OECDSecretary-General

GLOBALOUTLOOKONFINANCINGFORSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT2025©OECD2025

8

Tableofcontents

Foreword3

Acknowledgements5

Editorial6

Abbreviationsandacronyms11

Executivesummary13

1Preparingpost-2025:Transformationamidgeo-economictensions15

1.1.Aworldofgeo-economictensions16

1.2.Risingsustainablefinanceneeds20

1.3.Walkingthecrestlinetowardstheglobalgoals30

1.4.PreparingfortheFourthInternationalConferenceonFinancingforDevelopmentandthe

post-2025era41

References48

Notes57

2DomesticPublicResources59

2.1.DataDashboard60

2.2.Keyareasofprogress63

2.3.Persistentchallenges65

2.4.Newandemergingareas67

Annex2.A.DomesticPublicResources70

References86

Notes93

3DomesticandInternationalPrivateBusinessandFinance94

3.1.Datadashboard95

3.2.Keyareasofprogress98

3.3.Persistentchallengingareas100

3.4.Newandemergingareas101

Annex3.A.DomesticandInternationalPrivateBusinessandFinance104

References116

Notes121

GLOBALOUTLOOKONFINANCINGFORSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT2025©OECD2025

9

4InternationalDevelopmentCo-operation122

4.1.Datadashboard123

4.2.Keyareasofprogress126

4.3.Persistentchallenges126

4.4.Newandemergingareas128

Annex4.A.InternationalDevelopmentCo-operation130

References143

Notes146

5InternationalTradeasanEngineforDevelopment148

5.1.Datadashboard149

5.2.Keyareasofprogress151

5.3.Persistentchallengingareas152

5.4.Newandemergingareas154

Annex5.A.InternationalTradeasanEngineforDevelopment155

References161

6DebtandDebtSustainability164

6.1.Datadashboard165

6.2.Keyareasofprogress168

6.3.Persistentchallengingareas169

6.4.Newandemergingareas171

Annex6.A.DebtandDebtSustainability173

References181

Notes184

7AddressingSystemicIssues185

7.1.Datadashboard186

7.2.Keyareasofprogress188

7.3.Persistentchallenges190

7.4.Newandemergingareas191

Annex7.A.AddressingSystemicIssues193

References200

Notes202

8Science,Technology,InnovationandCapacity-building203

8.1.Datadashboard204

8.2.Keyareasofprogress206

8.3.Persistentchallengingareas207

8.4.Newandemergingareas209

Annex8.A.Science,Technology,InnovationandCapacity-buildingstatisticalannex211

References219

Notes222

FIGURES

Figure1.1.Amidaglobalrecovery,low-incomecountriesarestillstrugglingwithlowgrowthratesandhigh

inflation17

Figure1.2.Thenumberoftraderestrictionsandsanctionsincreasedsubstantiallysince201018

GLOBALOUTLOOKONFINANCINGFORSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT2025©OECD2025

10

Figure1.3.Theslowdowninconvergencewillcontinueduetogeo-economictensions19

Figure1.4.ConvergenceintermsofSDGperformancehasslowedinrecentyears20

Figure1.5.Financingforsustainabledevelopmentindevelopingcountrieshasshownresilience21

Figure1.6.Increasesinfinancialflowsindevelopingcountriesvariedacrosstypesandincomegroups24

Figure1.7.Needsareprojectedtocontinuegrowingfasterthanavailableresourcesindevelopingcountriesup

to203026

Figure1.8.Annualclimatefinancingneedscouldmorethanquadrupleby203027

Figure1.9.Monetarytighteningdriedupfinancingfordevelopingcountries29

Figure1.10.Expenditurestofightthepandemicandothercrisesexhaustedpublicbudgetsindeveloping

countries,plungingsomeintoadebtcrisis30

Figure1.11.Closingthesustainabledevelopmentfinancegapnowwillgeneratereturnsintheformofavoided

lossesanddamages32

Figure1.12.Acceleratingalignmentofthetrillions35

Figure1.13.Newleversfortransition39

Figure2.1.Tax-to-GDP60

Figure2.2.ChangesintaxmixinAfrica(33),Asia-Pacific(36),LAC,andOECDanddevelopingeconomies,

2015-2161

Figure2.3.ODAinsupportofdomesticresourcemobilisation62

Figure3.1.Globalfinancialassets95

Figure3.2.Foreigndirectinvestmentsinflows96

Figure3.3.Remittancesinvolumeandtransfercosts97

Figure4.1.ODAprovidedbyDACmembercountries,includingcross-borderflows(CPAandhumanitarian

aid)andin-donorrefugeecosts123

Figure4.2.Officialdevelopmentassistance(ODA)flowsfromDACmemberstovulnerablecountries124

Figure4.3.Totalofficialsupportforsustainabledevelopment(TOSSD)flows125

Figure5.1.Shareofglobalexports149

Figure5.2.Globaltradefinancegap150

Figure5.3.AidforTradedisbursementsandcommitments,2002-22150

Figure6.1.Sovereigndebtindefault(2015-23)165

Figure6.2.CreditorcompositioninLICs,%ofpublicandpubliclyguaranteedexternaldebtstock(1996-2021)166

Figure6.3.NumberofcountriesexceedingtheIMF-WorldBankdebtservice-to-revenuethresholds,by

incomegroup,2015-25(estimated)167

Figure7.1.Totalreserves186

Figure7.2.Annualinflation,consumerprices187

Figure7.3.Proportionofcountriesrecordingabnormallyhighormoderatelyhighfoodprices187

Figure8.1.ResearchanddevelopmentexpenditureasaproportionofGDP204

Figure8.2.Globaltradeintrackedenvironmentallysoundtechnologies(ESTs)205

Figure8.3.Shareofworldpopulationusingtheinternet205

TABLES

Table1.1.VariousestimatesshowtheannualSDGfinancinggapissubstantialandgrowing25

AnnexTable2.A.1.Assessmentoftheactionarea:Domesticpublicresources70

AnnexTable3.A.1.Assessmentoftheactionarea:Domesticandinternationalprivatebusinessandfinance104

AnnexTable4.A.1.Assessmentoftheactionarea:Internationaldevelopmentco-operation130

AnnexTable5.A.1.Assessmentoftheactionarea:Internationaltradeasanenginefordevelopment155

AnnexTable6.A.1.Assessmentoftheactionarea:Debtanddebtsustainability173

AnnexTable7.A.1.Assessmentoftheactionarea:Addressingsystemicissues193

AnnexTable8.A.1.Assessmentoftheactionarea:Science,technology,innovationandcapacity-building211

GLOBALOUTLOOKONFINANCINGFORSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT2025©OECD2025

11

Abbreviationsandacronyms

AAAAAddisAbabaActionAgenda

AIArtificialIntelligence

BEPSBaseErosionandProfitShifting

COP2929thConferenceoftheParties(UNClimateChangeConference)

CPIClimatePolicyInitiative

COVID-19CoronavirusDisease2019

DACDevelopmentAssistanceCommittee

DSSIDebtServiceSuspensionInitiative

EMDCsEmergingMarketsandDevelopingCountries

FAOFoodandAgricultureOrganization

FDIForeignDirectInvestment

FfD4FourthInternationalConferenceonFinancingforDevelopment

GDPGrossDomesticProduct

G20GroupofTwenty

GFCFGrossFixedCapitalFormation

GNIGrossNationalIncome

GPEDCGlobalPartnershipforEffectiveDevelopmentCo-operation

HICsHigh-IncomeCountries

IFFsIllicitFinancialFlows

IMFInternationalMonetaryFund

GLOBALOUTLOOKONFINANCINGFORSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT2025©OECD2025

12

INFFsIntegratednationalfinancingframeworks

JETPsJustenergytransitionpartnerships

LDCsLeastDevelopedCountries

LICsLow-IncomeCountries

LMICsLower-Middle-IncomeCountries

MDBsMultilateralDevelopmentBanks

MICsMiddle-IncomeCountries

NBFIsNon-BankFinancialInstitutions

NDCsNationallyDeterminedContributions

NetworkofCentralBanksandSupervisorsforGreeningthe

NGFSFinancialSystem

ODAOfficialdevelopmentassistance

OECDOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment

PPGPublicandPubliclyGuaranteed

SDSSustainableDevelopmentSolutions

SDGSustainableDevelopmentGoal

SIDSSmallIslandDevelopingStates

TOSSDTotalofficialsupportforsustainabledevelopment

UNUnitedNations

UNCTADUNTradeandDevelopment

UNDPUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme

WHOWorldHealthOrganization

WMOWorldMeteorologicalOrganization

GLOBALOUTLOOKONFINANCINGFORSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT2025©OECD2025

13

Executivesummary

TheFourthInternationalConferenceonFinancingforDevelopment(FfD4),settotakeplaceinSevillein

2025,marksapivotalmomentfortheglobalcommunity.Inacontextofwideningfinancinggapsanddebt

pressure,escalatingclimateandothercrises,andtheurgentneedtodeliverontheSustainable

DevelopmentGoals(SDGs),FfD4offersacriticalchancetorenewtheglobalfinancingframework,aligning

ambitionswithactionablesolutionstothechallengesofourtime.Astheclocktickstoward2030,thisisthe

momenttorevitalisecollectiveefforts,ensuringnocountryisleftbehindinthetransitiontoasustainable

andresilientfuture.

TheglobaleconomyhasshownresiliencesincetheCOVID-19pandemic,withgrowthreboundingfroma

3.4%contractionin2020to3.2%in2024,butlong-termgrowthprospectsremainweak,withforecastsfor

2029at3.1%,thelowestindecades.Low-incomecountries(LICs)facestagnantgrowth,andthegap

betweenthemandhigh-incomecountries(HICs)haswidened.Geopoliticalshifts,tradefragmentationand

economicsanctionshaveworsenedconditions.Despitea22%increaseinfinancialflowstodeveloping

countriessince2015,theSDGfinancinggaphasgrownby60%toreachUSD4trillionin2022,and

resourcesremaininsufficienttomeetrisingneeds.Additionally,risinginterestratesandincreasingdebtin

developingcountriesarecrowdingoutcriticalinvestmentsinhealth,education,andclimategoals.

Inthatcontext,thereportidentifiesthreeprioritiesfornegotiatorsseekingtorenewthefinancing

frameworkandactionplaninSeville,andaccelerateprogresstowardtheSDGs:

1.AimforameaningfulandpoliticallyfeasibleFfD4outcome.Restoringtrustamongnationsis

criticaltoachievingconsensusonrenewingthefinancingframework.

•Reformexistinginternationaldevelopmentco-operationplatformstopromoteinclusivityand

collaboration.Institutionsinheritedfromthemid-twentiethCenturyneedtoadapttheirgovernance

tothenewgeoeconomiccontextandembracenewchallengesinamoreinclusiveandcollaborative

way.Therenewedframeworkshouldbetterarticulatetheactionsofestablishedplatformsincharge

ofdesigning,measuring,monitoringandaccountingfordevelopmentcooperationresults.This

includes:articulatingIntegratedNationalFinancingFrameworks(INFFs)withcountryplatforms;

clarifyingandringfencingthedefinitionofofficialdevelopmentassistance(ODA)andstrengthening

collaborationbetweeninternationalforumsonfinancingfordevelopmentandtheOECD

DevelopmentAssistanceCommittee(DAC);furtherpromotingparticipationbyallcountriesinthe

Inter