2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练专题09 阅读理解议论文（原题版）

专题09阅读理解议论文目录题型综述 2解题攻略 3题型01主旨大意题 3题型02细节理解题 5题型03推理判断题 6题型04词义猜测题 9高考练场题型简介高考英语阅读理解议论文，通常围绕某一观点、现象或问题展开论述，作者通过摆事实、讲道理，运用逻辑推理来阐明自身看法，说服读者接受其观点。文章往往结构清晰，包含论点、论据与论证过程，选材涉及社会热点、教育理念、科技发展争议、文化现象剖析等诸多领域，旨在考查学生对复杂文本的理解、分析及批判性思维能力。命题类型主旨大意题：要求提炼文章核心论点，常以“What'sthemainideaofthepassage?”这类问句出现，选项可能是对全文中心思想的精准概括，也可能是过于宽泛、片面的干扰表述。细节理解题：针对文中论据、支撑性事例或特定关键信息设题，题目会明确指向文章某一处，如“Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsabout...istrue?”，考查学生捕捉精准细节的能力。推理判断题：需依据文章现有论述、语气倾向推测隐含意义、作者态度，题干表述多为“Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?”，答案并非原文直白呈现，要经适度推导。词义猜测题：聚焦文中超纲词、熟词僻义或特定语境下有特殊含义的词汇，例如“Theunderlinedword‘XXX’intheparagraphmostprobablymeans...”，要求结合上下文破解词义谜团。解题思路读题预判：快速浏览题目与选项，圈出关键信息，像主旨题中的“mainidea”、细节题里的专有名词等，预判阅读重点，带着问题意识去读文章。通读抓论点：首次通读，定位文章开头段，多数议论文在此点明主题、抛出论点；同时留意各段首句，它们常起承上启下、引出分论点的作用，梳理出全文论述脉络。定位找论据：碰上细节、词义类题目，依据题目关键词，精准回文定位，在定位段落中细读上下文，借助因果、对比、举例等逻辑关系锁定答案，比如出现“forexample”后的内容大概率是在解释前面论点，对理解词义、补充细节很关键。推理重逻辑：面对推理题，紧扣文章已知观点、事实，杜绝过度臆想，分析作者用词褒贬、论证走向来判断态度倾向；梳理段落、句子间的逻辑链条，像因果推导、让步转折后的语义走向，让推理有理有据。核查避陷阱：选完答案后，代入原文再次核查，看选项是否契合全文主旨、对应细节是否无误，警惕偷换概念、无中生有、以偏概全这类常见陷阱选项。题型01主旨大意题（23-24高三上·江苏扬州·期末）“Womanreadingbook,underanightsky,dreamyatmosphere,”ItypeintoDeepDreamGenerator’sText2Dreamfeature.Inlessthanaminute,animageisreturnedtomeshowingwhatI’vedescribed.WelcometotheworldofAIimagegeneration,whereyoucancreatewhatonthesurfacelooksliketop-rankartworkusingjustafewtextprompts(提示).Butcloserexaminationshowsoddities.Thefaceofthewomaninmyimagehasveryoddfeatures,andappearstobeholdingmultiplebooks.And,whilethere’saninitialthrillatseeinganimageappear,there’snocreativesatisfaction.AIimagegenerationcouldinfluenceeverythingfromfilmtographicnovelsandmore.Children’sillustratorswerequicktoraiseconcernsaboutthetechnology.TheysayAI-generatedartistheexactoppositeofwhatartisbelievedtobe.Fundamentally,artisallabouttranslatingsomethingthatyoufeelinternallyintosomethingthatexistsexternally.Whateverformittakes,trueartisaboutthecreativeprocessmuchmorethanit’saboutthefinalpiece.Andsimplypressingabuttontogenerateanimageisnotacreativeprocess.Beyondcreativity,therearedeeperissues.Tocreateimagesfromprompts,AIgeneratorsrelyondatabasesofalreadyexistingartandtext.Thiscouldleadtothecreationofimagesthatareintentionallymeanttoimitatethestyleofotherartists,withouttheiragreement.ThereisanargumentthatAIgeneratorsworknodifferentlytohumanswhenitcomestobeinginfluencedbyothers’work.However,ahumanartistisalsoaddingemotionandnuance(细微差别)intothemix.AIdoesn’tdothesame—itcanonlycopy.TheincreasinguseofAIwillalsoleadtoadevaluing(贬低)oftheworkofartists.There’salreadyanegativeprejudicetowardsthecreativeindustry.Peoplewillbegintothinkthattheir“work”isasexcellentasthatcreatedbysomeonewhohasspentacareermakingart.It’snonsense,ofcourse.Youcanuseyourmobilephonetotakeanicepictureofyourdaughter,butyouarenomatchforprofessionals.7．WhatisParagraph4ofthetextmainlyabout?A．ThestylesofhumanartworksandAIones.B．Humanartists’influenceonAIgenerators.C．DifferentmeansusedinhumanandAIartcreation.D．Thedrawbacksofdrawingfromexistingartandtext.8．Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthelastparagraph?A．Artisthemirroroflife. B．Romeisnotbuiltinaday.C．Nomancandotwothingsatonce. D．Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.题型02细节理解题（23-24高三上·湖南娄底·期末）Recently,Iwaswalkingwithsomeparentswhenwecameacrossafive-poundnotelyingontheground.Westoodarounditforamoment,abitawkwardly,untilsomeonesuggestedputtingitonanearbybench.Thenoneoftheparentsremarkedthatwe’dprobablyhavebehaveddifferently—thatis,wewouldhavejusttakenthemoney—hadwebeenalone.Thisrelatestoaclassicquestioninstudiesofhumangenerosity:dowebehavemoreselfishlywhenwearen’tbeingobserved?Thedebategoesonacrossthepsychologicalandbiologicalsciences,aswellasinpopularculture,aboutwhetherkindnesscanexistinacompetitiveworld.YomKippurisaJewish(犹太人的)religiousholidaywhenJewishpeoplefastandaskforforgivenessforthewrongsthey’vecommitted.OneofthepointsofYomKippuristobehavebetterregardlessofwhoiswatching.There’sanevolutionarybeautytotheteachingsofYomKippur,whicharetheproductsofthousandsofyearsofculturalchangesandevolution.TheMaasaipeopleofKenyapracticeosotua:relationshipsbetweenpeoplethatoperatebasedonneed.Whensomeoneformsanosotuarelationshipwithanother,theyenterintoanunwrittencontracttohelptheirpartnerintimesofneed.Andhunter-gatherergroups,whichcanrepresentthecircumstancesourspeciesevolvedin,havemanysimilarexamples.Culturalevolutionhelpstoexplaintheexistenceandcomplexityofthesesystems.Culturalchangesarefarfasterthanbiologicalevolution,allowingintelligentspecieslikehumanstodevelopbehavioraladaptationsformanagingcomplexsocialenvironments.Osotua,oranyotherpracticethathelpstomaintaingoodtreatmentofothersinsociety,istheresultoftensofthousandsofyearsofculturaltrialanderror.Thecustomspasseddownovertimearethosethathelpustodevelopasculturalgroups.Thestudyofthosechangeshashelpedustounderstandhowwesuccessfullyspreadaroundtheworldascooperativegroups.Biologicalevolutionhashelpedhumansbemorecooperative,butculturalchangeshaveacceleratedthisprocess.Culturalevolutionhelpsustoovercomeourselfishnatures.Trytounderstandrulesbeforeyouignorethem—andnexttimeyoufindafiverontheground,youmightthinkabouttheawkwardsituationyourdiscoveryrepresents.13．Whatmadetheparentsfeelabitawkward?A．Thedifficultysharingthemoney.B．Thedifficultyfindingtheownerofthemoney.C．Thethoughtofputtingthemoneyonthebench.D．Thethoughtofkeepingthemoneyforthemselves.15．Howisbiologicalevolutiondifferentfromculturalevolution?A．Itevolvesmuchslower. B．Ittakesmuchlesstime.C．Itisamorecomplexprocess. D．Itmakeshumansmorecooperative.题型03推理判断题（23-24高三上·河北石家庄·期末）WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeter-minestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote(《堂吉诃德》).Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?We’veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife’shalfwaymark.I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan’tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus——anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我),whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.Manyofusequate(视……等同于)“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore———maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They’velearnedlife’smostvaluablelesson.1．ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat________.A．lossoffreedomstimulatesone’screativityB．ageisnotabarriertoachievingone’sgoalC．miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfateD．disabilitycannotstopaman´spursuitofsuccess2．WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?A．Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.B．Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.C．Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.D．Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.3．WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?A．Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.B．Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.C．Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.D．Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.4．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.B．Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.C．Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.D．Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.题型04词义猜测题（23-24高三上·广东东莞·期末）Themushroomingvideoscreensinbuses,taxisandapartmenthallsincitieslikeShanghaiaretakingawayouralreadyrareresource:aplaceforamomentofpeace.Takinganaporreadingabookonbusesislesspleasantnow,astheLCDscreensbroadcastnews,entertainmentandadvertisementsatunbearablevolumes.Youpaythebusfaresimplytogetaride—undisturbed—butnowyouareexposedtothis“addedvalue”,whetheryoulikeitornot.Ifit’sacrowdedbus,thenoiseisevenmoreexasperating.MoreandmoreChinesecitieshavejoinedShanghai,regardedasthefirsttoputvideoscreensonbuses,disturbingmillionsofpassengers.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exasperating”inParagraph2mean?A．Entertaining.B．Encouraging.C．Disappointing.D．Annoying.（23-24高三上·广东深圳·期末）First-yearcollegestudentsoftenareexpectedorrequiredtoliveindormitories.Intherestyears,it’susuallyuptothosestudentstodecidewhethertoliveonoroffcampus.Atfirstglance,off-campushousingcanappearlessexpensive.Buttheadditionalexpensesoutsideofrent—likeutilities,groceries,Internetaccess,cableandfurniture—areoftenoverlooked.Toreduceoff-campuscosts,somestudentschoosetooverpackhousesorapartments,sometimeswithfourorfivepeopleinatwo-bedroomhouse.Unlikeoff-campushousing,thetotalcostoflivingoncampusistypicallyall-inclusive,covetingrent,utilities,furniture,Wi-Fiandamealplan.19．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“overpack”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Overlook. B．Overconsume. C．Overestimate. D．Overload.(2024年新课标高考英语I卷C篇)Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften“no”.Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset(心态)andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper’sphysicalproperties.Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoftenlinktheirmemoryofwhatthey’vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled“shallowinghypothesis(假说)”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.Audio(音频)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?A.Seemunlikelytolast. B.Seemhardtoexplain.C.Becomereadytouse. D.Becomeeasytonotice.29.Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisassume?A.Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly. B.Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.C.Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly. D.Digitaltextsaresuitableforsocialmedia.30.Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?A.Theycanholdstudents'attention. B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.C.Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills. D.Theyaremoreinformativethantext.31.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.C.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.(2024年新课标高考英语甲卷D篇)“Ididn’tliketheending,”Isaidtomyfavoritecollegeprofessor.Itwasmyjunioryearofundergraduate,andIwasdoinganindependentstudyonVictorianliterature.IhadjustfinishedreadingTheMillontheFlossbyGeorgeEliot,andIwasheartbrokenwiththeending.Prof.Gracie,withallhispatience,askedmetothinkaboutitbeyondwhetherIlikeditornot.HesuggestedIthinkaboutthedifferencebetweenendingsthatIwantedforthecharactersandendingsthatwererightforthecharacters,endingsthatsatisfiedthestoryeveniftheydidn’thaveatraditionallypositiveoutcome.Ofcourse,IwouldhavepreferredadifferentendingforTomandMaggieTulliver,buttheendingtheygotdidmakethemostsenseforthem.Thiswasanahamomentforme,andIneverthoughtaboutendingsthesamewayagain.Fromthenon,ifIwantedtoreadanendingguaranteedtobehappy,I’dpickupaloveromance.IfIwantedanendingIcouldn’tguess,I’dpickupamystery(悬疑小说).OnewhereIkindofknewwhatwasgoingtohappen,historicalfiction.Choosingwhattoreadbecameeasier.Butwritingtheend—that’shard.It’shardforwritersbecauseendingscarrysomuchweightwithreaders.Youhavetobalancecreatinganendingthat'sunpredictable,butdoesn’tseemtocomefromnowhere,onethatfitswhat’srightforthecharacters.That’swhythisissue(期)ofWriter’sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingforwhateverkindofwritingyou’redoing.Ifit’sshortstories,PeterMountfordbreaksdownsixtechniquesyoucantrytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegreatnovelstoseewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork.Thisissuewon’ttellyouwhatyourendingshouldbe—that’suptoyouandthestoryyou’retelling—buitmightprovidewhatyouneedtogetthere.12.WhydidtheauthorgotoProf.Gracie?A.Todiscussanovel. B.Tosubmitabookreport.C.Toargueforawriter. D.Toaskforareadinglist.13.WhatdidtheauthorrealizeafterseeingGracie?A.Writingisamatterofpersonalpreferences.B.Readersareoftencarriedawaybycharacter.C.Eachtypeofliteraturehasitsuniqueend.D.Astorywhichbeginswellwillendwell.14.Whatisexpectedofagoodending?AItsatisfiesreaders’taste. B.Itfitswiththestorydevelopment.C.Itisusuallypositive. D.Itisopenforimagination.15.WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?A.Togiveexamplesofgreatnovelists. B.Tostressthethemeofthisissue.C.Toencouragewritingforthemagazine. D.Torecommendtheirnewbooks.(2024年北京卷英语真题)Thenotionthatweliveinsomeoneelse’svideogameisirresistibletomany.Searchingtheterm“simulationhypothesis”(模拟假说)returnsnumerousresultsthatdebatewhethertheuniverseisacomputersimulation—aconceptthatsomescientistsactuallytakeseriously.Unfortunately,thisisnotascientificquestion.Wewillprobablyneverknowwhetherit’strue.Wecan,instead,usethisideatoadvancescientificknowledge.The18th-centuryphilosopherKantarguedthattheuniverseultimatelyconsistsofthings-in-themselvesthatareunknowable.Whileheheldthenotionthatobjectiverealityexists,hesaidourmindplaysanecessaryroleinstructuringandshapingourperceptions.Modernscienceshaverevealedthatourperceptualexperienceoftheworldistheresultofmanystagesofprocessingbysensorysystemsandcognitive(认知的)functionsinthebrain.Nooneknowsexactlywhathappenswithinthisblackbox.Ifempirical(实证的)experiencefailstorevealreality,reasoningwon’trevealrealityeithersinceitreliesonconceptsandwordsthatarecontingentonoursocial,culturalandpsychologicalhistories.Again,ablackbox.So,ifweacceptthattheuniverseisunknowable,wealsoacceptwewillneverknowifweliveinacomputersimulation.Andthen,wecanshiftourinquiryfrom“Istheuniverseacomputersimulation?”to“Canwemodeltheuniverseasacomputersimulation?”Modellingrealityiswhatwedo.Tofacilitateourcomprehensionoftheworld,webuildmodelsbasedonconceptualmetaphors(隐喻)thatarefamiliartous.InNewton’sera,weimaginedtheuniverseasaclock.InEinstein’s,weuncoveredthestandardmodelofparticle(粒子)physics.Nowthatweareintheinformationage,wehavenewconceptssuchasthecomputer,informationprocessing,virtualreality,andsimulation.Unsurprisingly,thesenewconceptsinspireustobuildnewmodelsoftheuniverse.Modelsarenotthereality,however.Thereisnopointinarguingiftheuniverseisaclock,asetofparticlesoranoutputofcomputation.Allthesemodelsaretoolstodealwiththeunknownandtomakediscoveries.Andthemoretoolswehave,themoreeffectiveandinsightfulwecanbecome.Itcanbeimaginedthatcomparabletotheprocessofbuildingpreviousscientificmodels,developingthe“computersimulation”metaphor-basedmodelwillalsobeahugelyrewardingexercise.1．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodobychallengingahypothesis?A．Makeanassumption. B．Illustrateanargument.C．Giveasuggestion. D．Justifyacomparison.2．Whatdoesthephrase“contingenton”underlinedinParagraph2probablymean?A．Acceptedby. B．Determinedby. C．Awakenedby. D．Discoveredby.3．AsforKant’sargument,theauthoris_________.A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving4．Itisimpliedinthispassagethatweshould_________.A．comparethecurrentmodelswiththepreviousonesB．continueexploringtheclassicalmodelsinhistoryC．stoparguingwhethertheuniverseisasimulationD．turnsimulationsoftheuniverseintorealitiesup.(2023年全国乙卷英语真题）Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.5．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Howpasteventsshouldbepresented. B．Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C．Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords. D．Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.6．WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A．Hisreportwasscientific. B．Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C．HeruledoverBotanyBay. D．Hisrecordwasone-sided.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A．Problem. B．History. C．Voice. D．Society.8．Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A．HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorld B．AShortHistoryofAustraliaC．AHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects D．HowArtWorksTellStoriesA【来源】湖北省沙市中学2024-2025学年高三上学期12月月考英语试题Therehavebeenmanyproblemswithourschoolstoday,thebiggestofwhichiscloselyrelatedtoourculture.Ingeneral,ourculture,asrepresentedinthemedia,getsexcitedbyfamousstars,andconstantlystressesthatit’swhatyouhave,notwhatyouare,thatcounts.Parentsareencouragedtobeawayfromevenverysmallchildrenformostoftheday.Toomanyvotersgoforpoliticianswhowouldrathercutschoolfundingthantogetridoftaxcutsforthewealthy.Allcontributegreatlytotheproblemsofeducatingourchildren.Today’steachershavetodealwithaculturethatisvastlydifferentthaninthepast.Theyreportthatthereis,amongmorechildrenthanever,alackofmotivation,nodrivetosucceedoreventry.Therolemodelsthatboysviewinthemediamostlyconsistofmenincomediesandothershowswhoarerudeandoftenextremelyimmature;self-centeredoverpaidathletes;meninmovies,televisiondramas,videogames,etc.whoarepreoccupiedwithviolenceandpower.AsLeonardSaxwroteinBoysAdrift,“Teenageboysarelookingformodelsofmatureadulthood,butwenolongermakeanycollectiveefforttoprovidesuchmodels.”Girlsareattackednotonlywithsuchannoyingimagesofmales,butalsowithwomenwhoarepreoccupiedwithappearanceandareextremelymaterialistic.Insuchaculturalenvironment,itismoreimportantthanevertohaveresponsible,lovingandcaringparentswhohaveenoughtimeandmotivationtodevotetotheirchildrenandseetoitastheirdutytomodelforthemandraisethemwithhighstandardsofhonestyandresponsibilityalongwithtendingtotheirphysicalneeds.Theyneedtocareenoughtoseethattheirchildrenarenotattackedwiththegarbagethatcomesfrommovie,televisionandcomputerscreens.Intoday’sculture,theyarebasicallyaloneinthiseffortsince,unfortunately,somuchisworkingagainstthem.Untilwe,asaculture,facethetruthaboutourselves—thatwearenotprovidingadequatelyforagreatmanyofourchildren—thestormwillcontinuetosweepoveroureducationsystem.1．Howisparagraph1mainlydeveloped?A．Byanalyzingcauses. B．Byshowingdifferences.C．Bydescribingaprocess. D．Byusingtimeorder.2．Whatdoestoday’scultureprobablybringtothechildren?A．Narrowaccesstoentertainment. B．Littledesireforsuccess.C．Fewmaterialisticmodels. D．Poorunderstandingabilities.3．Accordingtothetext,intoday’scultureparentsneedto_________.A．devotemoretotheirchildren B．findhonestmodelsfortheirchildrenC．keeptheirchildrenawayfromcomputers D．helptheirchildrendevelopmotivation4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstoday’sculture?A．Positive. B．Dissatisfied. C．Uncertain. D．ApprovingB【来源】湖南省雅礼中学2024-2025学年高三上学期月考英语试题Thenegativenatureofpeerpressureisoftenpresentedwithoutquestion.Theundesirableeffectofpeerpressurecannotbedenied,butisitalsopossiblethatpeerpressuremightnotentirelydeserveitsbadreputation?Couldpeerpressurealsohavepositiveeffectsonthepersonaldevelopmentandbehaviorofyoungpeople?Alookatthescientificliteraturerevealsexactlythat:peerpressureisnotalwaysaforceforthedarkside.Manystudiessuggestthatpeerpressureandthedesiretoconform(顺从)aresimplyapartofbeinghuman.Humans,afterall,arehighlysocialbeings.Ifhumansarehard-wiredtorespondtopeerpressure,thenitmakessensetoexaminehowitcanbeusedtochangebehaviorinapositiveway.Imagineasituation:studentXhasalwaysenjoyedplayingtheguitarbutislazyandunmotivated.Althoughinitiallyunwilling,sheispersuadedtojoinaschoolband.Thegroupofstudentsispreparingforaperformanceandtheexistingmembersareenthusiastic,focusedandhardworking.Gradually,studentXiscaughtupinthespiritofthebandandbeforelongsheiswillinglymakingthesamecommitmentoftimeandeffortsotheycanallachieveacommongoal.Sohowdoesitwork?Peerpressure—bothpositiveandnegative—followsarecognizablepsychologicalprocess.IfstudentXdoesnotconformtotheestablishedcultureoftheband,sherisksrejection.Todispelthistension,studentXchangesherh