考研英语一阅读理解真题大全

考研英语一阅读理解真题大全

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考研英语一阅读理解真题大全1

Text1

Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassis

onethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidential

campaign:Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?

Dontdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.

jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoa

UniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclass

disproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardening

ordaycaredontappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-class

occupations-trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering

—havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichownthe

robots,sotheywillbefine.

Thisisnttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthat

technologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.The

IndustrialRevolutiondidntgosowellforLudditeswhosejobs

weredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraised

livingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.

千里之行，始于足下。

Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,

stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfrom

hard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkers

mayneedalotofhelpadjusting.

Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfee

argueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducation

andjobtraining.Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-

shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreon

creativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschools

shoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsand

helpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcan

supplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratraining

andinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquire

newskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.

Thechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneed

fortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:Starting

newcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastic

technologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionby

dreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestuses

of3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaventbeeninventedyet.

TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem.

Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegap

betweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafety

netwillhavetoberethought.Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedto

becut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcredit

shouldbeexpanded:Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,

rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.

第2页/共15页

Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmallover

thenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothose

whofindtheir1ivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.

Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbe

nuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.

21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?

[A]Leadingpoliticians.

[B]Low-wagelaborers.

[C]Robotowners.

[D]Middle-classworkers.

22.WhichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthorJs

view?

[A]Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.

[B]Optimistsopinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.

[C]Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled

[D]Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided

23.Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmore

emphasison

[A]creativepotential.

千里之行，始于足下。

[B]job-huntingskills.

[C]individualneeds.

[D]cooperativespirit.

24.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat

[A]encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.

[B]increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.

[C]easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.

[D]preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.

25.Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith

[A]opposingviewsonit.

[B]possiblesolutionstoit.

[C]itsalarmingimpacts.

[D]itsmajorvariations.

考研英语一阅读理解真题大全2

TEXT1

第4页/共15页

KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsistedkingsdontabdicate,

theydieintheirsleep.Butembarrassingscandalsandthe

popularityoftherepublicansleftintherecentEuro-elections

haveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doesthe

Spanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?

Doesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforal1Europeanroyals,

withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?

TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainst

monarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarized,asit

wasfollowingtheendoftheFranceregime,monarchscanrise

abovemerepolitiesandembodyaspiritofnationalunity.

Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpolitiesthatexplains

monarchyscontinuingpopularityasheadsofstate.Andso,the

MiddleEastexpected,Europeisthemostmonarch-infested

regionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCity

andAndorra).Butunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsinthe

GulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausethey

allowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchfora

non-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.

Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.

Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirvery

history-andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday-embodies

outdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.Ata

timewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarmingof

risinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,

itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstill

bethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.

千里之行，始于足下。

Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhide

theiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesseshave

day-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Even

so,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational

1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficultto

maintaintherightimage.

WhileEuropesmonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughto

surviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohave

mosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchys

reputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)granny

style.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothan

expensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewof

theworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshave

largelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice-as

non-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.Charles

oughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,not

republicans,whoarethemonarchysworstenemies.

21.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,KingJuanCarlos

ofSpain

[A]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals.

[B]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport.

[C]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals.

[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment.

第6页/共15页

22.MonarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEuropemostly

[A]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto.

[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality.

[C]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus.

[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment.

23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,according

toParagraph4?

[A]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.

[B]Aristocratsexcessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.

[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.

[D]Thenobilitysadherencetotheirprivileges.

24.TheBritishroyalshavemosttofearbecauseCharles

[A]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.

[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.

[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.

[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.

千里之行，始于足下。

25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

[B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

[C]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

[D]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

考研英语一阅读理解真题大全3

Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlan

Gilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkofthe

classical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhis

appointmentin2023.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeen

favorable,tosaytheleast.uHooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthony

Tommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassucha

surprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittle

known.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert's

appointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentious

musicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”

Asadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathat

hashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierre

Boulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimes

readersasfaintpraise.

第8页/共15页

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreat

conductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsan

impressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnot

necessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,

tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoisto

gotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstill

morerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsareno

substituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthe

time,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,

classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithopera

houses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,but

alsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassical

musiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,

availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartistic

qualitythantoday'sliveperformances;moreover,theycan

be“consumed“atatimeandplaceofthelistener,schoosing.

Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbrought

aboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassical

concert.

Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformersto

programattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.

Gilbert'sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted：

AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasa

manwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedly

different,morevibrantorganization.vButwhatwillbethe

natureofthatdifference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestra,s

repertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonic

千里之行，始于足下。

aretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetween

America'soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopsto

attract.

21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert，sappointmenthas

[A]incurredcriticism.

[B]raisedsuspicion.

[C]receivedacclaim.

[D]arousedcuriosity.

22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois

[A]influential.

[B]modest.

[C]respectable.

[D]talented.

23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers

[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.

[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.

[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.

第10页/共15页

[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.

24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrue

ofrecordings?

[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.

[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

25.RegardingGilbert'sroleinrevitalizingthe

PhiIharmonic,theauthorfeels

[A]doubtful.

[B]enthusiastic.

[C]confident.

[D]puzzled.

考研英语一阅读理解真题大全4

Text1

Inthe2023filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,Miranda

Priestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractive

千里之行，始于足下。

assistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn'taffecther,

Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant,s

sweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowsto

departmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirl

doubtlessfoundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn't

bemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishwou1ddescribed

inOverdressed,EliazabethCline'sthree-yearindictmentof

“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesin

technologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,HM,

andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemand

moreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,

morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencourage

style-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable-meant

tolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon'tadvertisethat

-andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byoffering

on-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrands

havehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylong

accustomedtoaseasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimited

todesigners.ForHMtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits

2,300-piusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wage

overseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,

andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld'sanswerto

consumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan,sThe

Omnivore,sDilemma.uMass-producedclothing,likefastfood,

fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,v

第12页/共15页

Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billion

garmentsayear-about64itemsperperson-andnomatter

howmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,

aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2023has

madeallofherownclothes-andbeautifully.ButasCline

isthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecther

craft;herexamplecan,tbeknockedoff.

Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortsto

curbtheirimpactonlabor