《高中备考指南-英语必修1》课件-1.3Welcome Unit-Period Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures

Welcome

UnitPeriod

Ⅲ

Discovering

Useful

Structures课后篇

课时分层训练基础自测Ⅰ.写出下列句子中画线部分充当什么成分1.The

question

is

that

no

one

knows

the

location

of

the

new

hospital.________表语2.To

be

or

not

to

be

is

a

question.________主语3.His

confidence

enabled

him

to

finish

the

task

successfully.______________宾语补足语4.The

class

teacher

had

us

clean

the

classroom

yesterday.______________宾语补足语5.Is

he

the

man

who

wants

to

see

you？________定语6.This

book

gives

me

some

idea

on

how

to

make

friends.________宾语7.I

feel

it

our

duty

to

serve

the

people

heart

and

soul.________宾语8.What

you

explained

just

now

didn’t

satisfy

me.________主语9.We

must

get

together

again

some

day.________状语10.If

I

am

not

busy

tomorrow，

I

will

play

football

with

you.________状语Ⅱ.写出下列句子属于哪类句型1.I

found

the

problem

easy._______________S＋V＋O＋C2.I

have

never

cooked

at

home.____________S＋V＋A3.There

are

ten

boys

under

the

big

tree.________________There

be句型4.Her

father

bought

her

a

dictionary

as

a

birthday

present.__________________S＋V＋IO＋DO5.The

boss

made

him

do

the

work

all

day._______________S＋V＋O＋C6.The

tree

has

grown

much

taller

than

before.__________________S＋L＋P或S＋P要点探究

词汇精析look

forward

to…

盼望……；期待……（教材P6）Tom

is

looking

forward

to

meeting

the

new

exchange

student.汤姆盼望着见到新来的交换生。look

into…

审查；调查look

on…as…

把……看作……look

out

当心；小心look

down

on/upon

轻视，看不起①They

are

looking

into

the

cause

of

the

accident.他们正在调查事故的原因。②We

shouldn’t

look

down

upon

the

disabled;

we

should

help

them.我们不应该轻视残疾人；我们应该帮助他们。语法精讲精析一、句子成分

句子表达一个完整的意思，是由单词按一定的语法规则组合而成的。句子一般可以分成几个部分，每个部分在句中具有一定的功能，称为句子成分。不同的句子成分由一定的词类或词组充当。1.主语（subject）

主语是一句话的主体，表明句子说的是谁或是什么。它一般放在谓语之前，通常由名词（名词短语）、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句等充当。◆

TV

news

often

gives

us

lots

of

information.电视新闻常常给我们许多信息。（名词）◆

Something

is

wrong

with

my

computer.我的电脑坏了。（代词）◆

Seven-tenths

of

the

earth

surface

is

covered

with

water.十分之七的地球表面被水覆盖。（数词）◆

To

see

is

to

believe.眼见为实。（动词不定式）◆

Cycling

and

boating

are

my

favourite

free

time

interests.骑车和划船是我最大的业余爱好。（动名词）◆

That

she

was

admitted

into

a

key

university

greatly

comforted

her

parents.她被重点大学录取这件事给了她父母极大的安慰。（主语从句）2.谓语（verb或predicate）

谓语是对主语的有关问题加以说明的部分。谓语说明主语做什么、是什么或者怎么样。谓语位于主语之后，由动词充当。凡是由一个动词或动词词组构成的谓语，无论处在什么时态、语态、语气下，都被称为谓语。谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。◆

He

practices

running

every

morning.他每天早晨锻炼跑步。（简单谓语）◆

Great

changes

have

taken

place

in

Shanghai.上海发生了巨大的变化。（复合谓语）【注意】由系动词加表语可构成复合谓语。例如：We

are

students.3.表语（predicative）

表语是说明主语是什么或怎么样的句子成分。它由名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词不定式及短语、副词、介词短语、从句等充当。◆

My

favourite

attraction

is

the

Great

Wall.我最喜欢的旅游景点是长城。（名词）◆

—Who

is

there？—It’s

me.——谁在那儿？

——是我。（副词、代词）◆

English

is

both

useful

and

important.英语有用且很重要。（形容词）◆

The

Forbidden

City

is

at

the

center

of

Beijing.紫禁城位于北京市中心。（介词短语）◆

The

greatest

happiness

is

to

work

for

the

happiness

of

all.最大的快乐就是为大家的快乐而工作。（动词不定式短语）◆

My

hobby

is

collecting

stamps.我的爱好是集邮。（动名词短语）◆

My

belief

is

that

our

country

will

become

stronger

and

stronger.我相信，我们的国家将变得越来越强大。（表语从句）4.宾语（object）

宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象，或是介词所表示的某种联系的对象。宾语放在及物动词的后面。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词、短语及名词性从句等充当。◆

The

children

are

flying

kites.孩子们正在放风筝。（名词）◆

Call

me

any

time.随时给我打电话。（代词）◆

I

decide

to

pick

up

a

new

foreign

language.我决定学一门新的外语。（动词不定式短语）◆

Do

you

mind

passing

me

the

dictionary?请把字典递给我，好吗？（动名词短语）◆

Your

success

will

largely

depend

upon

what

you

do

and

how

you

do

it.你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。（宾语从句）5.宾补（object

complement）

有些及物动词带了宾语后意义仍不够完整，还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词及短语等充当。◆

He

has

proved

himself

an

experienced

teacher.他证明自己是一名经验丰富的教师。（名词）◆

We

have

decided

to

paint

the

room

pink.我们决定把房间漆成粉红色。（形容词）◆

My

mother

always

keeps

everything

in

good

order.我妈妈总是把一切安排得井然有序。（介词短语）◆

The

teacher

asked

us

not

to

make

so

much

noise.老师叫我们不要制造那么多的噪音。（动词不定式短语）◆

I

heard

the

telephone

ringing.我听见电话铃正在响。（现在分词）◆

He

was

very

happy

to

see

the

homeless

children

taken

good

care

of

at

the

orphanage.他很高兴看见流浪儿童在孤儿院得到很好的照顾。（过去分词短语）6.定语（attributive）

定语是用来修饰、限制名词或代词的。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等充当。◆

These

are

apple

trees.这些是苹果树。（名词）◆

The

men

here

are

always

busy

working

on

the

farm.这里的男人总是忙于在田间干活。（副词）◆

There

is

nothing

to

do

today.今天没有事要做。（不定式）◆

The

smiling

boy

needs

a

pen

bought

by

his

mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。（现在分词、过去分词短语）7.状语（adverbial）

状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般由副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等充当。◆

I’m

very

pleased

to

see

you.见到你我非常高兴。（副词）◆

I’ll

be

back

in

a

while.我一会儿就回来。（介词短语）◆

When

she

was

12

years

old,

she

began

to

live

in

Dalian.她在12岁那一年开始居住于大连。（状语从句）◆

Having

had

a

quarrel

with

his

wife,

he

left

home

in

a

bad

temper.由于和妻子吵了一架，他愤怒地离开了家。（分词）8.同位语（appositive）

若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，那么，后一项称为前一项的同位语。◆

We

students

should

study

hard.我们学生应该努力学习。◆

Professor

Wang,

a

famous

scientist,

will

give

us

a

talk

tomorrow.王教授，一位著名的科学家，明天将给我们做报告。二、八种基本句型

英语中简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。简单句是由主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的，依其组合方式可分为八种基本句型。1.主语＋谓语（S＋V）The

sun

is

rising.S

V太阳正在升起。The

little

boy

is

crying.S

V小男孩正在哭泣。2.主语＋谓语＋宾语（S＋V＋O）He

is

watching

TV.

S

V

O他正在看电视。3.主语＋系动词＋表语（S＋L＋P）或（S＋P）Everything

looks

different

.

S

L

P一切看来都不同了。【注意】系动词:link

verb，本课时中用L表示。常见的由行为动词转化成的系动词（1）表感官的动词:feel,

smell,

taste,

sound,

look,

appear等。（2）表转变、变化的动词:become,

get,

grow,

turn,

go等。（3）表延续的动词:remain,

keep,

hold,

stay,

rest等。（4）表瞬间的动词:come,

fall等。The

problem

remains

to

be

settled.S

L

P问题依然需要解决。4.主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语（S＋V＋IO＋DO）

这种句型中间接宾语常常指人，直接宾语常常指物。He

bought

me

a

birthday

present.

S

V

IO

DO他给我买了一份生日礼物。.

.I.

.

showed

him

my

pictures.S

V

IO

DO我给他看我的照片。【注意】常见的能跟双宾语的及物动词：（1）give,

tell,

teach,

write,

bring,

lend,

hand,

show,

offer,

send,

pay,

pass,

allow,

return等后的间接宾语可转换为介词to的宾语。◆

Please

hand

him

a

book.＝Please

hand

a

book

to

him.请递给他一本书。（2）buy,

do,

get,

fetch,

save,

make,

sing,

choose等后的间接宾语可转换为介词for的宾语。◆

Her

father

bought

her

a

bike.＝Her

father

bought

a

bike

for

her.她的父亲给她买了一辆自行车。（3）ask,

answer,

take,

cost等无法改变结构形式。◆

The

car

cost

me

2,000

yuan

for

the

repair.这次修车花了我两千元。5.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语（S＋V＋O＋C）这种句型中的“宾语＋宾语补足语”可统称为复合宾语。Mike

told

me

not

to

go

now.S

V

O

C迈克告诉我不要现在走。They

painted

the

door

green.

S

V

O

C他们把门漆成绿色。6.主语＋谓语＋状语（S＋V＋A）They

talked

for

half

an

hour.

S

V

A他们谈了半个小时。The

time

passed

quickly.

S

V

A时光飞逝。7.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语（S＋V＋O＋A）.

.I.

.

had

my

first

maths

class

in

senior

high

school.S

V

O

A在高中我上了第一堂数学课。.

.I.

.

waited

for

him

at

the

school

gate.S

V

O

A我在校门口等他。8.

There

be句型◆

There

is

a

piano

in

my

study.在我的书房里有一架钢琴。◆

There

are

56

students

in

my

class.我的班里有56名学生。语法精练Ⅰ.选出下列句子属于哪种句子结构①S＋V

②S＋V＋O③S＋L＋P或S＋P

④S＋V＋IO＋DO⑤S＋V＋O＋C

⑥S＋V＋A⑦S＋V＋O＋A

⑧There

be…1.Time

flies.

(

)①2.He

enjoys

reading.

(

)②3.The

sun

keeps

us

warm.

(

)⑤4.The

dinner

smells

good.

(

)③5.The

red

sun

rises

in

the

east.

(

)⑥6.There

are

45

students

in

our

class.

(

)⑧7.This

is

an

English-Chinese

dictionary.

(

)③8.I

want

to

have

a

cup

of

tea

very

much.

(

)⑦9.Would

you

please

pass

me

the

dictionary?

(

)④10.She

cooked

her

husband

a

delicious

meal.

(

)④Ⅱ.选词填空wait

for，

come

true，

look

forward

to，

come

out1.I

can

hardly

___________

my

birthday.wait

for2.When

does

her

new

book

____________?come

out3.Please

tell

your

brother

that

I

will_________________

meeting

him.look

forward

to4.The

dream

of

going

to

a

senior

high

school

has

____________

already.come

true课后篇

课时分层训练合格考过关练Ⅰ.单句语法填空

阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.It

felt

_________

（fun）

watching

myself

on

TV.funny2.We

are

all

looking

forward

to

__________

（visit）

your

country.visiting3.________

the

center

of

the

square

stands

the

monument

（纪念碑）.In/At4.Production

（生产）

goes

up

when

production

costs

go

________

year

by

year.down5.Too

many

sweet

foods,

_______

cakes

and

pastry

（油酥糕点）,

may

increase

your

weight.like6.There

are

five

pairs

____________

（choose）

from,

but

I’m

at

a

loss

（不知所措）

which

to

buy.to

choose7.It’s

__________

（help）

to

put

children

in

a

situation

where

they

can

see

themselves

differently.helpful8.Standing

in

a

long

queue

（排队）,

we

waited

for

the

store

__________

（open）

to

buy

a

new

iPad.to

open9.The

top

leaders

of

the

two

countries

are

holding

talks

in

a

__________

（friend）

atmosphere

（气氛）.friendly10.Many

animals

suffered

the

same

fate

______

the

large

extinct

（灭绝的）

elephant

because

of

the

environment.as11.The

engine

of

the

ship

was

out

of

order

and

the

bad

weather

added

to

the

helplessness

of

the

crew

_____

sea.at12.In

recent

years,

______

English

word

“infosphere”

has

appeared,

combining

the

sense

of

“information”

and

“atmosphere”.an13.The

_________

（new）

built

café,

the

walls

of

which

are

painted

light

green,

is

really

a

peaceful

place

for

us,

specially

after

hard

work.newly14.Best

of

all,

with

online

education,

we

can

stick

to

our

jobs

and

_____

the

same

time

study

and

absorb

（吸收）

the

latest

knowledge.at15.Cathy

is

taking

________

（note）

of

the

grammatical

rules

（语法规则）

in

class

at

Sunshine

School,

where

she

has

been

studying

English

for

a

year.notes等级考提分练Ⅱ.阅读理解A

You

may

not

know

a

lot

of

people

when

you

start

senior

high

school.

Maybe

your

friends

from

junior

high

school

are

going

to

a

different

senior

high

school.

Even

if

you

know

other

freshmen

（一年级新生）,

you

still

feel

anxious

that

you

don’t

know

any

upperclassmen.

How

are

you

going

to

make

friends

among

this

sea

of

unknown

faces?

Most

senior

high

schools

hold

the

freshman

orientation

（迎新会）

before

school

actually

starts.

It

is

helpful

because

you

not

only

learn

your

way

around

the

building

but

also

get

to

meet

some

of

your

teachers

and

fellow

freshmen.

That

way,

when

you

show

up

on

your

first

day

of

school,

you

may

already

recognize

a

few

familiar

faces.

When

you

talk

to

people

at

orientation,

you’ll

probably

find

that

a

lot

of

them

are

feeling

just

like

you

are.

They’re

all

new

to

the

school

and

don’t

know

what

to

expect.

Talking

about

a

common

concern

with

your

classmates

can

help

you

develop

friendships.

The

work

in

senior

high

school

is

something

freshmen

are

probably

worried

about.

It

builds

on

what

you

learned

in

junior

high

school,

giving

you

a

more

advanced

knowledge

of

many

subjects.

So

you

may

find

you

have

more

work

to

do

or

that

it’s

a

bit

more

challenging.

If

you

ever

find

your

work

too

difficult,

teachers

can

give

you

extra

help.

Senior

high

school

also

has

more

after-school

activities

than

junior

high

school,

such

as

clubs,

music

and

theater

groups

and

sports

teams.

This

is

a

good

time

to

explore

your

interests

and

try

new

things.

Junior

high

school

taught

you

the

basics

of

time

management

and

social

skills

while

providing

you

with

a

little

extra

support

and

guidance.

Senior

high

school

gives

you

the

chance

to

learn

how

to

be

more

independent

and

responsible.16.How

do

the

freshmen

usually

feel

on

their

first

day

of

senior

high

school?(

)A.Proud.

B.Nervous.

C.Excited.

D.Curious.B【语篇导读】

本文是一篇说明文。介绍了高中新生入学时所面临的一些问题并给出了合理的建议，同时还介绍了高中与初中的差异。细节理解题。根据第一段中的信息“Even

if

you

know

other

freshmen

（一年级新生）,

you

still

feel

anxious

that

you

don’t

know

any

upperclassmen.”可知，新生在到学校的第一天通常都会感到焦虑不安。故正确答案为B。17.What

are

freshmen

probably

worried

about?(

)A.The

learning

task.

B.The

freshman

orientation.C.The

ability

to

make

friends.

D.The

relationship

with

teachers.A[解析]

细节理解题。根据第四段中的信息“The

work

in

senior

high

school

is

something

freshmen

are

probably

worried

about…a

bit

more

challenging.”可知，在高中学生将学习更高深的知识,学习也会更有挑战性，因此，新生可能会担心学习。故正确答案为A。18.What

do

after-school

activities

mainly

help

students

to

do?(

)A.Develop

friendships.

B.Build

up

their

strength.C.Develop

their

interests.

D.Improve

their

learning

ability.C[解析]

细节理解题。根据第五段可知，课外活动能发展学生的兴趣。故正确答案为C。19.What

is

the

last

paragraph

mainly

about?(

)A.What

you’ll

learn

in

senior

high

school.B.What

you

learned

in

junior

high

school.C.The

importance

of

being

more

independent

and

responsible.D.The

difference

between

junior

high

school

and

senior

high

school.D[解析]

段落大意题。根据最后一段可知，本段主要讲的是初中教育和高中教育的不同。故正确答案为D。B

An

American

cancer

survivor

has

become

the

first

person

to

swim

across

the

English

Channel

four

times

on

end.

Sarah

Thomas,

37,

completed

the

great

achievement

on

Tuesday

after

over

54

hours

of

swimming.

Her

record-breaking

achievement

came

just

a

year

after

she

completed

treatment

for

breast

cancer

（乳腺癌）.

In

a

video

on

Facebook,

a

small

group

of

people

could

be

seen

cheering

on

the

swimmer

from

Colorado

as

she

made

her

final

arrival

to

the

beach

at

Dover.

Supporters

congratulated

Mrs.

Thomas

on

her

non-stop

swim,

handing

her

chocolate

and

other

gifts.

In

the

video,

Mrs.

Thomas

admitted

to

feeling

“a

little

sick”

but

said

she

had

been

encouraged

to

keep

going

by

her

husband

and

her

team.

Before

the

start

of

her

challenge,

Mrs.

Thomas

wrote

that

she

was

“fearful”

and

admitted

she

was

“going

to

need

some

luck”.

In

a

Facebook

post

made

on

Saturday,

she

dedicated

（奉献）

the

swim

to

“all

the

survivors

out

there”,

adding,

“This

is

for

those

of

us

who

have

wondered

hopelessly

about

what

comes

next,

and

have

overcome

the

pain

bravely.”

After

her

swim,

Mrs.

Thomas

said,

“I’

m

really

tired

and

I’

m

losing

my

voice

from

all

the

salt

water.”

Asked

what

the

worst

part

of

her

challenge

was,

she

said,

“Probably

dealing

with

the

salt

water

over

two

days.

It

really

hurts

your

throat,

your

mouth

and

your

tongue.”

She

praised

her

support

team

for

helping

her

stay

strong,

adding

that

she

was

very

prepared

for

the

weather,

currents

and

cold

water.

“I

feel

just

mostly

stunned

right

now.

I

just

can’

t

believe

that

we

did

it.”20.What’

s

the

attitude

of

Mrs.Thomas’

s

husband

to

her

swimming

challenge?(

)A.He

refuses

to

support

her.

B.He

never

cares

about

it

at

all.C.He

is

angry

about

her

decision.

D.He

encourages

her

to

keep

trying.D【语篇导读】

本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了曾患乳腺癌的Sarah

Thomas打破了纪录，成为首位成功连续横渡英吉利海峡4次的人。细节理解题。根据第三段中的信息“she

had

been

encouraged

to

keep

going

by

her

husband

and

her

team”可知，Mrs.Thomas的丈夫一直是鼓励她继续努力的。故选D。21.What

was

the

biggest

challenge

for

Mrs.Thomas?(

)A.The

weather.

B.The

currents.

C.The

salt

water.

D.The

cold

water.C[解析]

细节理解题。根据最后一段中的信息“Probably

dealing

with

the

salt

water

over

two

days.

It

really

hurts

your

throat,

your

mouth

and

your

tongue.”可知，对于Mrs.Thomas来说，最大的挑战是“咸的海水”。故选C。22.What

does

the

underlined

word

“stunned”

in

the

last

paragraph

probably

mean?(

)A.Frightened.

B.Surprised.

C.Upset.

D.Powerful.B[解析]

词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的信息“I

just

can’

t

believe

that

we

did

it.”可推知，stunned这个词的含义是“吃惊的”。故选B。23.What’

s

the

best

title

for

the

text?(

)A.A

Successful

Swimmer

B.A

Woman

Beat

Breast

CancerC.A

Record-breaking

Achievement

D.A

Cancer

Survivor

Made

a

New

RecordD[解析]

标题归纳题。根据文章大意以及第一段中的信息“An

American

cancer

survivor

has

become

the

first

person

to

swim

across

the

English

Channel

four

times

on

end.”可知，“癌症幸存者创下新纪录”最贴切，最能概括文章中心。故选D。Ⅲ.七选五How

to

make

friends

at

a

new

school?

Starting

at

a

new

school

can

be

difficult.

Everything

seems

to

be

difficult,

and

you

don’t

even

know

where

to

go

for

y