高考英语语法知识点归纳总结状语从句

高考英语语法知识点归纳总结：状语从句状语从句种从属连词例句说明类when指的是“某一具体的时间”WhenIcameintotheroom,hewaswritingaletter.whenever指的是“在任何时间”Weshallgotherewheneverwearefree.when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,表示某件事正在发生或Iwaswalkingalongthestreetwhensuddenly刚刚发生时，另一动作同时发生。这种用法的when分句一someonepattedmeontheshoulderfrombehind.般位于句末。常用句型:beabouttodo…when…,bedoing…Iwasabouttogoswimmingwhenourguidestoppedwhen…,haddone…when…,beonone’sway…when…,beonwhenme.thepointofdoing…when…尽管，虽然，既然，鉴于，如果Heusuallywalkswhenhemightride.Theyhadonlythreetableswhentheyneededfive.Howcanyouhopeformercyyourselfwhenyou时shownone?间while指“在某一段时间里”，“在…期间”，while引导的动作状Whileitwasraining,theywentout.必须是持续性的从Istayedwhilehewasaway.while做并列连词，表示相对关系“然而”IlikewatchingTVwhilehelikesreading.whileWhile引导让步状语从句，相当于although，但一般位于主WhileIunderstandyourpointofview,Idon’tshare句之前。it.While引导条件状语从句，相当于as/solongas,翻译成“只Whilethereislife,thereishope.要”as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.as两种正在发展或变化的情况，有“随着”的意思，表时间AsIgetolder,Igetmoreoptimistic.的推移。一边„„一边„„Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.强调两个动作紧接着发生。Ashewasgoingout,itbegantorain.as+名词，相当于时间状语从句Asaboy(Whenhewasaboy),hewashopelessatmaths.往往表示主句的动作先于从句的动作发生，“在„„之前”，A.Beapupilbeforeyoubecomeateacher.A.“„„才”(强调主句所表达的时间、举例很长或花费BWewaitedalongtimebeforehecameout.Wehadn’twaitedlongbeforehecameout.的力气很大。)B.“„„就”(强调主句所表达的时间、举例短或花费的力C(Hediedbeforehewroteawill.气很大。)D(hesunhadsetbeforeweknewit.C(“还没有„„”“免得”“不知不觉”“宁可、宁愿”“否LeavemebeforeIchangedmymind.beforeI’ddiebeforeIapologizedtothem.则，要不然”GetoutbeforeIcallthepolice.It+(not)be+sometime+before从句。肯定句中，“多长时Itwillbefiveyearsbeforehereturnstohis间之后才”;否定句中，“用不了多长时间就”homeland.Itwon’tbelongbeforewemeetagain.afterHearrivedafterthegamestarted.如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到…为止”Wewaitedtill(until)hecameback.如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直…才”“在…Shedidn’tstopworkinguntileleveno’clock.until/till以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用untilUntilhehadpassedoutofsight,shestoodthere.状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.主句之后则不必用标点符号。AssoonasIarriveinShanghai,I’llwritetoyou.sincesince后是非延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动Mr.Lihasbeenheresincehecameback.作发生时算起。IhavewrittenhomebutoncesinceIcamehere.since后是延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动作Hehaswrittentomefrequentlysincehewasill.结束时算起。It+be+sometime+since短语或从句，如果从句中谓语动词Itis(hasbeen)alongtimesinceIsmoked.是非延续性动词，意为“做某事已有多长时间”;如果是延IthasbeentwoyearssinceIbegantosmoke.续性动词，意为“不做某事已有多长时间”。需要注意主句与从句时态的一致性。一„„就„„hardly…when和nosooner…than的意义相当于assoonas,Hardlyhadwebegunwhenweweretoldtostop.但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.去时，如hardly或nosooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句=HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.的谓语要用部分倒装。Nosoonerhadwegottothestationthanthetrainleft.一„„就„„有些名词或副词可以起连词的作用。如:theminute,theEverytimeItravelledbyboat,Igotseasick.ThemomentIheardthesong,Ifeltcheerful.moment,theday,theweek,theyear,thefirsttime,anytime,Nexttimeyoucome,you’llseehim.nexttime,everytime,thelasttime,eachtime,allthetime,bythetime,immediately,instantly,directly,assoonas,once等。在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。Onarrivingatthestation,thethiefwasarrested.一ondoingsth.或onone’s+名词OnhisarrivalinParis,hewasrecognisedasaobleandthrownintoprison.地where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用whereWherethereisawill,thereisaway.点于书面语。where表示特定的地点，wherever表示非特定的whereverWherethereiswaterthereislife.状地点。Youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.从Whereveryougo,youmustobeythelaw.because用来回答why的问题，语气最强becauseIcamebacklateyesterdaybecauseIwasondutynotbecause…butbecause不是因为„„而是因为„„partlybecause…部分是因为„„becausebecauseofsince表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,sinceSinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourmeeting多放句首原不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，用于表示forHemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.因补充说明理由。状As语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明。从句常放在asAshedidn’tknowmuchEnglish,helookedupthe从句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。wordinthedictionary.seeing(that),nowthat,consideringthat和since,as意义相nowthat,seeingthat,Now(that)theweatherhasclearedup,wecanstartconsideringthat，in似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去inthatourjourney.中that不能省略。nowthat用来说明一种新情况，然后加以that推论，位于句首时，that可以省略。Seeing(that)hewasbadlyill,wesentforthedoctor.Now(that)everybodyishere,let’sbegin.目的状语从句中常用情态动词may(might)canthatIshallwritedownyourtelephonenumberthatImay(could),should等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，notforget.主从句之间不用任何标点符号sothatWe’lltellyouthetruthsothatyoucanjudgefor目yourself.的inorderthat=totheTheyworkedharderthanusualinorderthatthey状endthatcouldfinishtheworkaheadoftime.从Putonmoreclotheslest(=forfearthat)youshouldlest=forfearthatcatchcold.TakeyourraincoatincaseitrainsIncase“以防”后面的从句可以使用一般现在时表示将来，incaseHeleftearlyincasehe(should)missthelasttrain.或使用一般过去时表示过去将来，还可以和其他的目的状语从句一样，有一个表推定性的情态动词，incase从句可使用should，但should也可以省略。Weturneduptheradio,sothateveryoneheardthesothat前有逗号为结果状语从句sothatnews.so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词so…thatHewassoexcitedthathecouldn’tsayaword.结果Hegavesuchimportantreasonsthathewassuch…that的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用suchexcused.a/an…that还可以转换用so…that，语气较强状Itissuchaninterestingnovelthatallofuswantto从such…thatreadit.Itissointerestinganovelthatallofuswanttoreadit.ifDifficultiesarenothingifwearenotafraidofthem.unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和if…not同义，unlessWeshallgotheretomorrowunlessitrains.=Weunless是书面语，if…not是口语，通常二者可以换用条as/solongasshallgotheretomorrowifitdoesn’train.条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去件incaseSo/Aslongasyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.时代替一般将来时或过去将来时状sofarasIncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutit从onceSofarasIknow,thebookwillbepublishednextmonth.suppose/supposingSuppose/Supposingitrainstomorrow,whatshallwe(that)假定do?provided/providingI’llgoprovided/providingthechildrencancome(that);withme.oncondition(that)I’llallowyoutogoswimmingonconditionthatyou在„„条件下，don’tgotoofarfromthebank.以„„为条件asDrawacatasItaughtyou此处as译为:按照或正如Doasyouaretold.asif或asthough的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现asif…Shelooksasifsheisill.在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气asthoughHeactedasif(though)nothinghadhappened方Theytreattheblackboyasif(though)hewereananimal.式asitis/wasIthoughtconditionswouldgetbetter,butasitis用于句首时，用来陈述真实的情况，可以翻译为“事实上，状theyaregettingworse.实际情况是”;用于句末时，常表示“按原来的样子，照现从Leaveitasitis.在的样子”，若前面的名词委复数，则应改为astheyare/were。asitwereHeis,asitwere,awalkingdictionary.用作插入语，表示“仿佛，好像，可以说是”，不能改为asTheskyiscovered,asitwere,withablackcurtain.itis(was)Although(Though)hewasoversixty,(yet)hebegan在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”(but)但可以tolearnFrench.与yet或still连用。though/although意义相同，用法基本althoughWewerenottiredthough(although)wehadworked一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面thoughallday.让I’llgoevenif(though)itrainstomorrow.evenif和eventhough的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想evenif,eventhough的意味，多用于书面语中步Childasheis,heknowsalot.as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用状asColdasitis,(=Thoughitiscold,)thechildrenplaythough或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从从outdoors.句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。Doitnomatterwhatotherssay.nomatter……与who-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一nomatter(whether,Nomatterhowbusyhewas,hestudiedEnglish样，nomatter……引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后who,whatwhen,everyday.where,which,how…)Nomatterwhotakesupthematterforme,Ishallbeverygrateful.wh+ever(whateverWhateverhappens/mayhappen,weshallnotlosewhoever,wheneverheart.whichever,however)Whoevercomes,hewillbewelcome.Inspiteof/Despitethefactthatheissometimesforall(that),inspiteof