第四讲　利用线索抓关键　巧取词句猜测题2025高考英语大二轮专题一　四选一阅读阅读理解四大题型

2025高考英语大二轮专题一四选一阅读阅读理解四大题型第四讲利用线索抓关键巧取词句猜测题词句猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个单词、短语或句子的能力。猜测词句能力的高低，直接影响着阅读理解题得分的高低，对能否取得理想的高考成绩有着举足轻重的作用。词句猜测题主要包括词义(包括单词或短语)猜测题、代词指代题和句意猜测题。专题微课八词义猜测题利用逻辑关系猜测词义【典例1】(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读C)ReadingArt：ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook，representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory，inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading，weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks，”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool，withthebooksasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume，deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago，buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelate__to.30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?A.Understand.B.Paint.C.Seize.D.Transform.自主解答：A【图解技巧】【实战应用】1.依据画线词所在句中的but可判断，画线词所在分句与上一分句形成转折关系。2.根据画线词上文“Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago”并结合前文“artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythat...erasandcultures”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带。【关键点拨】阅读理解语篇是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出生词词义，对猜测词义帮助较大的逻辑关系有反义、同义和因果等。答题时要留意逻辑关系词，分析句子间的逻辑关系。利用解释关系猜测词义【典例2】(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)“It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities，anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.”Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast，andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.WendyWilson，extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet，oneofthefirsttoembark__ontheproject，said：“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A.Improve. B.Oppose.C.Begin. D.Evaluate.自主解答：C【图解技巧】【实战应用】oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject与主语WendyWilson为同位语，根据embarkon前面的oneofthefirst及其后面的Residentsreallywelcometheideaof...topeoplehere可知，此处指WendyWilson是最早发起这个项目的人之一。【关键点拨】在做阅读理解题目时，利用语法关系猜测词义是一种快速有效的方法之一。答题时要关注定义、解释、举例、定语从句、同位语从句等语法手段，以及表示解释性的标点符号。利用构词法猜测词义【典例3】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism，includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks，andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso，Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone，Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism，startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable，beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy：thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays，youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A.Clear－up. B.Add－on.C.Check－in. D.Take－over.自主解答：A【图解技巧】【实战应用】1.观察单词declutter含有前缀de－，前缀de－来自拉丁语，意为“awayfrom”，这个前缀有“除去”“取消”“离开”以及“否定”“非”等意思。2.结合语境，根据画线词后面的“stepawayfrom”可推测出词义。【关键点拨】利用构词法不用阅读上下文便能够猜出词义，然后再结合语境猜测，这样事半功倍，而且具有双重保险，大大提高了解题效率和正确率。所以建议考生在做题时，遇到可以利用构词法的，一定先利用构词法，再结合语境解题。利用上下文语境猜测词义【典例4】(2023·全国甲卷阅读B)TerriBoltonisa__dab__handwhenitcomestoDIY(do－it－yourself).Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture，sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.ShecreditstheseskillstoherlategrandfatherandbuilderDerekLloyd.Fromtheageofsix，Terri，now26，accompaniedDerektoworkduringherschoolholidays.Aday’sworkwasrewardedwith￡5inpocketmoney...24.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand”inparagraph1?A.Anartist. B.Awinner.C.Aspecialist. D.Apioneer.自主解答：C【图解技巧】【实战应用】根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilledat...todoajobshecandoherself.”可推知，此处指TerriBolton是一位DIY高手。【关键点拨】有些词义猜测题无法使用以上方法解题时，考生可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义，这也是近几年来高考考查的热点。(2023·河北名校联考一模)Scientiststodayareconcernedaboutthegrowingnumberofspeciesintheworldthatmaysoonbecomeextinct.TheUnitedNations,alongwithmanygovernments,aretryingtosavetheseendangeredspecies.Tohelpresolvethisissue,scientistshavebeentryingtolearnwhyspeciesbecomeendangered.IntheUnitedStates,lossofhabitatsisthemainreasonforspeciesbecomingendangered.Aspopulationsgrowandcitiesortownsexpand,natureisdestroyedandtheecosystemisaffected.Evensmallchangesinonepartofanecosystemcanhaveabigimpactonanotherpartofit.Forexample,deforestationmayresultinachangeingroundtemperature,whichmaykilloffacertainkindofplantintheforest.Animalsthateatthisplantmaysuddenlyfindthatthereisnoavailablefoodsotheystarvetodeath.Anotherpossiblecauseofendangeredorextinctspeciesisclimatechangeandrisingsealevels.AstheEarthgetswarmer,thishasprofoundeffectsonanimalandplantlifeeverywhere.Forexample,risingsealevelsmakecoastalareasunfitforbirdstolivein.Warmertemperaturesmelttheicewherepolarbearslive，wreckingtheirhabitatandmakingitharderforthemtofindfood.Therisingseasalsomakeitharderforpolarbearstoswimfromthecoldwaterstofrozenpacksoficesomanyofthemdrown.Thereareseveralwaysthatpeoplearetryingtohelpendangeredspeciesrecover.Ecologistsstudydifferentspeciesandtrytofindoutmoreinformationaboutthemtotryandhelp.InFinland,forexample,scientistsfoundthataadecreaseinthenumberofbogs(沼泽)wasresponsibleforthefallingbutterflypopulation.Oncetheyunderstoodthis,theycouldmanagethebutterflypopulationandhelpitrecover.Governmentsarealsopassinglawstoprotectendangeredanimals.OneexampleofthisisanareanearHawaiiwithaseriouslylowfishpopulation.TheUnitedStates’governmenthasmadeitillegalforfishingboatstoenterthisarea.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。本文介绍了珍稀物种濒临灭绝的原因，同时提出了一些帮助濒危物种恢复的方法。1.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph2?A.MostendangeredspeciesarelocatedintheUnitedStates.B.CitiesandtownsintheUnitedStatesaregrowingtoofast.C.Ecosystemchangescanresultinhabitatlossandanimaldeath.D.Moretreesneedtobeplantedtopreventanimalsfromdyingout.答案C[推理判断题。根据文章第二段关键句“Evensmallchangesinonepartofanecosystemcanhaveabigimpactonanotherpartofit.”及下文给出的例子“Forexample,deforestationmayresultin...sotheystarvetodeath.”可以推测，生态系统的变化会导致栖息地的丧失和动物的死亡。]2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wrecking”inparagraph3mean?A.Conserving. B.Damaging.C.Providing. D.Dominating.答案B[词义猜测题。根据文章第三段画线词所在句“Warmertemperaturesmelttheice...forthemtofindfood.”可以推测，此处为分词作结果状语，高温融化了北极熊生活环境中的冰，破坏了它们的栖息地，因此wrecking与damaging意思一致。]3.Whichisthebesttitleforthistext?A.SavingEndangeredSpeciesB.AListofEndangeredSpeciesC.TheCausesofGlobalWarmingD.HowPolarBearsBecameExtinct答案A[标题归纳题。根据文章第一段关键句“Scientiststodayareconcernedabout...aretryingtosavetheseendangeredspecies.”并结合全文内容可知，此文主要目的为呼吁我们应该拯救濒危物种。A选项作为本文的标题，符合文意。]4.Whatwilltheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Someotherwaystohelpendangeredspeciesrecover.B.Abriefdiscussionofpolarbearsandtheirdiethabits.C.TheimpactoffishinglawsonthedevelopmentofHawaii.D.Variousopinionsanddebatesconcerningthecauseofglobalwarming.答案A[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句“Thereareseveralwaysthatpeoplearetryingtohelpendangeredspeciesrecover.”及下文所给出的例子可知，作者在下段应该介绍一些其余帮助濒危物种恢复的方法。](2023·深圳统考一模)Ourclothesdoalotforus.Theykeepuswarminthewinterorcoolwhilewe’reworkingout.Theyletusdresstoimpressorcomfortablyveg__outonthecouchwiththeTVon.Butsomeresearchersthinkourclothescouldbedoingevenmore.Thosescientistsandengineersaredreamingupnewwaystomakeclothessafer,morecomfortableorjustmoreconvenient.Someideasfornewclothesaimtoprotectpeoplefromharm.Onenewshoedesign,forexample,featurespop－outspikes(鞋钉)onthesolethatgriptheground.Thiscouldhelppeoplekeeptheirfootingonslipperyorunevenground.Anewfabriccoating,meanwhile,couldabsorbandneutralize(中和)somechemicalweapons.Thatcoatingismadefromametal－organicframeworkthatbreaksdownharmfulcompounds.Itcouldofferprotectiontopeopleinwar－torncountries.Notalladvancedclothingisdesignedtosavelives.Somecouldjustmakeclothesmorecomfortable.Oneday,forinstance,youmaynotneedtolayeruptostaywarm.Fabricfilledwithnanowirescouldreflectyourbodyheatbackontoyourskin.Electriccurrenthummingthroughthosemetalthreadscouldprovidewarmth,too.Thismaybeespeciallyusefulforhikers,soldiersorothersworkinginsupercoldconditions.Someresearchershavedreamtupwhollynewusesforclothing—liketurningwearersintowalkingpoweroutlets.Flexiblesolarpanelssewnintofabriccouldabsorbthesuntorechargephonesorotherdevicesonthego.Anotherteamthreadedfabricwithmagnetized(磁化的)copperandsilvertowritedataintofabrics.Suchdata－packedfabriccouldbeusedasahands－freekeyorformofID.Manyoftheseideashavenotyetleftthelab—andthey’restillprettyfarfromhittingretail(零售)shelves.Butinventorshopetheseandotherinnovationscouldsomedayletyougetmorefromyourclothes.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了新的材料和设计能让服装更安全、更舒适，也更便利。5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“vegout”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Relax. B.Standout.C.Work. D.Dreamabout.答案A[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“comfortably”以及“onthecouchwiththeTVon”可猜测，画线词vegout为“放松”的意思。]6.Whydothenewshoesfeaturepop－outspikesonthesole?A.Tomakethemcomfortable.B.Tomakethemfashionable.C.Topreventpeoplefromslipping.D.Toturnwearersintowalkingpoweroutlets.答案C[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Someideasfornewclothesaimtoprotectpeoplefromharm...onslipperyorunevenground.”可知，这款新鞋的鞋底有突出的鞋钉是为了防止人们滑倒。]7.Whatkindofclothesaresuitableforhikers?A.Coatsfilledwithnanowires.B.Shoeswithpop－outspikesonthesole.C.Clotheswithanewfabriccoating.D.Clothesmadeofdata－packedfabric.答案A[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Fabricfilledwithnanowirescouldreflect...soldiersorothersworkinginsupercoldconditions.”可知，填充纳米线的涂层的衣服适合徒步旅行者。]8.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Manyoftheseideasarenotrealistic.B.Manysmartclothesaretooexpensivetoafford.C.Peoplewillbenefitmorefromtheirclothesinfuture.D.Manycomfortableclotheswillcometothemarketsoon.答案C[推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，在未来，人们将从他们的衣服中获益更多。]A篇Para.1：extinctadj.灭绝的endangeredspecies濒危物种resolvethisissue解决此问题Para.2：deforestationn.采伐森林lossofhabitats栖息地丧失Para.3：haveprofoundeffectson对……有深远的影响Para.4：illegaladj.不合法的B篇Para.2：slipperyadj.滑的unevenadj.不平坦的，凹凸不平的Para.4：flexiblesolarpanels柔性太阳能电池板Para.5：innovationn.改革，创新A篇译文：温暖的温度融化了北极熊生活的冰，破坏了它们的栖息地让他们更难找到食物。专题微课九代词指代题和句意猜测题代词指代题——就近原则判指代【典例1】(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读C)AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis：AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted，emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork’shands－freedrivinglaws.“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople’sbehavior，”saidFélixW.Ortiz，whopushedforthestate’s2001banonhand－helddevicesbydrivers.“IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw，”hesaid，“peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.”30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“something”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Advice. B.Data.C.Tests. D.Laws.自主解答：D【图解技巧】【实战应用】根据画线词所在句可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“‘IftheTextalyzerbillbecomes...handsonthecellphone.’”可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。受到法律的约束，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。【关键点拨】代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词或指示代词的指代对象。解答这类题目的时候，可以利用就近原则，结合语境找出语意相关的名词、词组或句子等。句意猜测题——意义吻合推句意【典例2】(浙江6月卷阅读B)Money__with__no__strings__attached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread，“GiveWhatYouCan，TakeWhatYouNeed.”Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard...24.Whatdoestheexpression“moneywithnostringsattached”inparagraph1mean?A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B.Moneynotlegallymade.C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D.Moneynottiedtogether.自主解答：C【图解技巧】【实战应用】根据下文的内容并结合木板上写的“GiveWhatYouCan，TakeWhatYouNeed.”可知，钉在木板上的钱是可以随意取的。【关键点拨】句意猜测题一般出现在前后文有解释的特殊含义的语句或高度概括句中，要求考生用合适的句子解释这一语句或这一语句的某一部分。锁定语句，前后寻找，意义吻合是解题关键。(2023·无锡高三统考)Overthepastmonths,terriblethingshaveoccurredaroundtheworld：thegroundundertheGermantownofErftstadtistornapartbyfloodwaters;LyttoninBritishColumbiaisburnedfromthemapjustadayaftersettinganextremelyhightemperaturerecord;carsfloatlikedeadfishthroughthestreets－turned－canalsintheChinesecityofZhengzhou.Alltheworldfeelsatriskandthereseemnosafeplacestohide.Researchhasfoundthatallthesehavesomethingtodowithgreenhouse－gasemission(排放)，whichhasproducedaplanetmorethan1℃(1.8°F)warmerthanthe18thcentury.Withemissionscontinuing,itwillgetworse.Iftemperaturesriseby3℃inthecomingdecades,largepartsofthetropics(热带地区)riskbecomingtoohotforoutdoorwork.CoralreefsandthesealifedependingonthemwilldisappearandsowilltheAmazonrainforest.Severeharvestfailureswillbecommon.IcesheetsinAntarcticaandGreenlandwillshrink(收缩)pastthepointofnoreturn,promisingsearisesmeasurednotinmillimetres,astoday’sare,butinmetres.Somecautiousadaptationshavebeenputintoeffect.However,cuttingemissionsaloneisfarfromenough.It’salsowisetostudythemostamazingformofadaptation：solargeoengineering.Researchoverthepast15yearshassuggestedthatsolargeoengineeringmightsignificantlyreducesomeoftheharmsfromgreenhousewarming.Itseekstomakecloudsorparticlelayers(粒子层)intheatmosphereabitmoremirror－like，reflectingawaysomesunlight.Itcannotprovideastraightforwardequalandoppositeresponsetogreenhousegaswarming;itwilltend,forexample,toreduceprecipitation(降水)morethantemperature,potentiallychangingrainfallpatternstoeasetheproblemofglobalwarming.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。本文介绍了当前全球气候变暖的严重现状以及带来的不良影响，同时也重点介绍了应对措施：太阳能地球工程。1.Whatdoestheunderlined“these”refertoinParagraph1?A.Thesevereriskstheworldisfacing.B.Theterriblefloodstheearthisexperiencing.C.Theextremeweathertheplanetisundergoing.D.Theunsafeplacestheemissionhascreated.答案A[代词指代题。根据语法规则可知，指示代词these指代的为前文提及的人或物，本文中，前文提到的是世界面对的风险，故可推测该指示代词指代的是“风险”。]2.HowdoestheauthorexplaintheconsequencesoftheemissioninParagraph2?A.Bylistingexamples.B.Byusingfigures.C.Byaskingquestions.D.Bymakingcomparisons.答案A[写作手法题。本段通过列举各类例子说明情况会变得更差，比如热带地区，珊瑚礁和依赖它们的海洋生物，亚马孙雨林、南极洲和格陵兰岛的冰层等都受到影响。]3.Whatdoweknowaboutsolargeoengineering?A.Itwillchangetheglobaltemperaturepatterns.B.Itmaycutgreenhousegasemissionssignificantly.C.Itwillprovideadirectresponsetoglobaltemperature.D.Itmaypreventsunlightfromreachingtheearthdirectly.答案D[细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Itseekstomakeclouds...reflectingawaysomesunlight.”可知，太阳能地球工程能反射掉一些阳光，换言之，它能阻止一些阳光直射。]4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Globalwarming—badnewsfortheworld.B.CautiousAdaptations—goodnewsfortheworld.C.SolarGeoengineering—newsolutionstoglobalwarming.D.Greenhousegasemission—familiarproblemswithglobalwarming.答案C[标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句“Researchhasfoundthat...thanthe18thcentury.”可知，本文前几段呈现了全球气候变暖这一问题的严重现状；根据第三段“Somecautiousadaptations...solargeoengineering.”可知，三四段重点介绍应对措施：太阳能地球工程。故选项C可用作本文标题。]Bicycleridinghastakentheworldbystorm.Bicyclesaretypicallymadeofsteeloraluminum(铝)butnowthereisauniquecompanythatisgrowingbikesontrees，literally.ThesebicyclesaremadeofBritishgrownashtreesbyWelshmakerAndyDix.HisHay－on－Wyecompany，TwmpaFrames，ismakingbikesthatareofhighperformanceandenvironmentallysustainable.“It’sgreattopushformorebikesandfewercarsontheroad，butthere’snoescapingthefactthatthebikeindustryasawholeisprettyenergyintensive，”DixtoldCyclingIndustry，“I’vealwaystriedtominimizeenvironmentalimpactinmywork.Ratherthanrelyingonheavily－processedmetals，orlayersofplasticthatwillonedayendupinlandfill，I’mbuildingbikesfromcapturedcarbon，inaprocesspoweredbysunlight.”Ittooktwoyearstobuildtheprototype(雏形)thatwasmadefromashwood.Dixtestedthewoodenbikeontheroughestroadshecouldfindanddiscoveredthatitwascomfortable，durable，andexcellentatabsorbingshakes.Heputmorethan3，000milesonthebike.Dixexplained，“Iwasrunningalongbatteredroadsthatwouldhaveshakenmetobitsonanaluminumbike.The__penny__dropped.NotonlycouldImakeabikeoutofwood，butithadinherentadvantagesoverothermaterials.”Thoughcuttingdowntreescanaddtomorecarbonintheatmosphere，sustainabletreefarmingispossible.DixsaidthatmanufacturingaBritishtonneofaluminumresultsincarbonemissionsof4，532kgwhileproducingatonneofwoodonlyemits457kg.Currently，thecostofanewTwmpaCycleisout－of－reachformanybicycleriders；buttheideaofusingsustainablematerialslikeashtreescouldstartanewcyclingrevolutionthatputstheenvironmentfirst.Helpingtheenvironmentcouldbejustapedalaway.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。威尔士家具制造商AndyDix使用英国种植的白蜡树制造自行车，这将减少环境污染，对环境保护有非常重要的意义。5.What’sparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thematerialsforbuildingbikes.B.Thedrivingforceforwoodenbikes.C.Theproblemswithcyclingindustry.D.Theprocessofbuildingwoodenbikes.答案A[段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段中Dix介绍了他在制造自行车的过程中所使用的材料，不再依赖于金属和塑料，而是用碳和太阳能。]6.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“Thepennydropped.”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Thetruthcameout.B.Moneywasmissing.C.Thebikebrokedown.D.Theeffortswereinvain.答案A[句意猜测题。根据第三段内容可知，Dix对木质自行车进行了一系列测试，结合画线句后“NotonlycouldImakeabikeoutofwood，butithadinherentadvantagesoverothermaterials.”可知，测试结果令人满意，所以画线句“Thepennydropped.”是对测试的总结，结合选项，“Thetruthcameout.(真相大白了)”与画线句意思相近。]7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Loggingtreesisawrongpractice.B.Developingsustainableforestryisamust.C.Carbonemissioncallsforurgentattention.D.Thewoodenbikedoesmoregoodthanharm.答案D[推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，虽然砍伐树木会造成一定的环境污染，但砍伐树木比生产铝造成的污染少很多，而且白蜡树可能将可持续种植，这对环境来说还是利大于弊的。]8.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleofthetext?A.LessCarbon，MoreSustainableB.Amazing？BikesGrowonTreesC.NoInnovation，NoDevelopmentD.Amusing？BikeRidingIsTakingoff答案B[标题归纳题。本文介绍了威尔士家具制造商AndyDix使用英国种植的白蜡树制造自行车，这将减少环境污染，对环境保护有非常重要的意义，B项引出话题，是文章最佳标题。]A篇Para.1：atrisk有危险Para.2：coralreefsn.珊瑚礁Para.3：adaptationn.改编；适应putintoeffect实施；使生效Para.4：significantlyadv.有重大意义地；显著地straightforwardadj.简单明了的；坦率的patternn.模式；范例B篇Para.1：literallyadv.照字面地；确实地environmentallysustainable环境可持续发展Para.3：durableadj.耐用的；持久的Para.4：manufacturevt.制造，生产突破阅读理解四大题型第一讲耐心细心防陷阱全取细节理解题细节理解题有的比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有的则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。细节理解题常分为直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题和综合信息题。分析近三年的高考题可知，直接信息题和间接信息题为高频考点。专题微课一直接信息题和间接信息题直接信息题——搜索定位巧比对【典例1】(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读A)PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)Enhanceyourphotographyskills—joinYellowstone’sparkphotographerforahands－onprogramtoinspirenewandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.6/19—Waterfalls&WideAngles：meetatArtistPoint.7/10—Wildflowers&WhiteBalance：meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.23.WherewilltheparticipantsmeetfortheJuly10photographyworkshop?A.ArtistPoint.B.WashburnTrailhead.C.CanyonVillageStore.D.VisitorEducationCenter.自主解答：B【图解技巧】【实战应用】一定题干关键词——确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字)二找文中信息句——根据关键词定位信息句(画波浪线句)三比选项定答案——比对选项和信息句可知，7月10日参加者要在WashburnTrailhead碰面。【关键点拨】直接信息题的特点是正确选项和原文在表述上没有太大的变化。考生在解题时，一定要仔细比对，避免主观臆断，更不能因为题目简单而掉以轻心，确保此类题目一分不丢。间接信息题——语义转换善概括【典例2】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy：thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays，youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone，I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso，I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1，600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem，andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.30.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.自主解答：C【图解技巧】【实战应用】一读题干——确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字)二扫原文——根据关键词定位信息句(画波浪线句)三定答案——由信息句可知，第一部分的最后一章提供了真实的例子。examples与文中的stories为同义转述。【关键点拨】间接信息题相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行同义转述。做间接信息题时，要做到“两关注”和“一防范”。两关注关注原文与选项的同义转述关注原文信息的归纳概括一防范防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱(2023·广州普通高中毕业班综合测试)Summeriscoming.Areyoulookingforapart－timejob?Herearesomepossibleoptions.LifeguardAreyouastrongswimmerandagoodcommunicator?Wouldyoulikeachallenge?Wearelookingforlifeguardsforourbusysummerseason.Noexperienceisnecessaryasyouwillgettwoweeksoftrainingbeforeyoustartthejob.Aswellasbeingphysicallyfit,youneedtobeavailableforworkMon－Fri,7am－11amStoreassistantWearelookingforstoreassistantsforourbusygiftstore.Applicantsneedtobereliable,friendly,andenjoyspeakingtocustomers.Asecondlanguageispreferredasmanyofourcustomersaretouristsfromothercountries.Thepositionsarepart－timeandyouneedtoworkfromThursdaytoSunday,10am－4pm.FashiondesignerAreyouinterestedinthelateststyles?Areyoucreativeandgoodatart?Ifso,Dresswiseislookingforayoungpersontocreatenewlooksforourteendepartment.Thisisagreatopportunitytogainexperienceintheclothingindustry.Youwillneedtoworkfourdaysaweekandwe’llpayyouforeachdesignweuse.We’llalsogiveyousamplesofyourdesignstowear.GametesterAreyouintotechnologyandcreative?Wouldyouliketoplayandtesteducationalgamesandgetpaidforit?Thisisanexcitingpart－timejobforsomebodywholovesplayinggames.Weofferflexiblehours.Ifthisisforyou,writeadescriptionofyourfavoritegameandwhyyoulikeitinnomorethan150words.Ifyouareinterestedinanyoftheabovejobs,pleasecontactusatstudentunion@.【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个可以兼职的选择。1.Whatisasharedrequirementforlifeguardandstoreassistant?A.Communicativeability.B.Asecondlanguage.C.Professionalexperience.D.Astrongbody.答案A[间接信息题。通过Lifeguard小标题里的“Areyouastrongswimmerandagoodcommunicator？”以及Storeassistant小标题里的“andenjoyspeakingtocustomers.”可知，lifeguard和storeassistant两个岗位都需要有很好的沟通能力。]2.Whichjobcanyouapplyforifyoucanonlyworkonweekends?A.Lifeguard. B.Storeassistant.C.Fashiondesigner. D.Gametester.答案D[间接信息题。根据题目可以定位每个岗位的工作时间，从Gametester部分中“Weofferflexiblehours.”得知，工作时间是灵活的，也就是可以选择周末工作。]3.Whatcanyougetfromthejobasafashiondesigner?A.Samplesofthelateststyles.B.Paymentforeachofyourdesigns.C.Experienceinthefashionindustry.D.Chancestodesignclothesforadults.答案C[直接信息题。根据Fashiondesigner部分中“Thisisagreatopportunitytogainexperienceintheclothingindustry.”可知，做时尚设计师的兼职工作可以获得时尚业的工作经验。](2023·广东高三3月大联考)Childrenarenaturallycuriousabouttheworldaroundthem.WhenChaseHansenwasonly4yearsold,heencounteredhomelesspeopleforthefirsttimewhileshoppingwithhisdadatanoutdoormallinSaltLakeCity,Nevada.It’snowonderthathehadalotofquestions.“Chaselookedatmeandsaid,‘Dad,whoarethesepeople?Whydon’ttheyhaveaplacetostay？’”JohnHansenrecalled.“AfterIexplainedthattheyhadrunintohardtimesandwerehomeless,Iknewthatwewerelookingataneducationalopportunity.Mysonwantedtohelpthem.”ThefatherandsonconvincedalocalJambaJuicestoretodonatemorethan100smoothies(果汁)andthepairgavethemouttohomelesspeopleinapark.Afterthat,theycameupwithanevenbetteridea.“Iwantedawaytogettoknowpeoplebetter，”Chasesaid.“So,mydadandIdecidedtostarttakingsomeofthehomelesspeoplewe’dmetouttolunch.”“Alotofpeoplewalkrightpasthomelesspeopleanddon’tseetheperson，”hesaid.“Iknownowthatthey’repeoplejustlikeus.Theywanttomakeaconnectionandnotfeelsoaloneintheworld.”Hundredsofluncheslater,theyrunaself－fundedcharitycalledProjectEmpathy(同情)tohelpinspireotherstomeetandtocreaterelationshipswiththehomelesspeopleintheirneighborhoods.Theorganizationprovidesalistofresourcesthatcanhelphomelesspeoplewithfood,housingandemployment.Johnsaidthatwhatstartedasawaytospendqualitytimewithhissonhasturnedintoapassionforbothofthem.“ChaseandIrealizedthatthecountryneededanarmyofpeopletopracticeempathy,andthatbydoingsomethingassimpleastakingahomelesspersontolunch,wecouldmaybeinspireotherstodothesame，”hesaid.“Anytimeyoucanhelptogivesomeoneavoice,it’sempowering.”【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了父亲和儿子通过请无家可归的人吃一顿饭的方式来帮助他们。4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeChaseHansen?A.Curiousandcaring.B.Knowledgeableandkind.C.Successfulandtalented.D.Generousandambitious.答案A[推理判断题。根据第一段中“It’snowonderthathehadalotofquestions.”以及第二段中“Mysonwantedtohelpthem.”可推知，蔡斯·汉森是充满好奇心和爱心的。]5.WhydidJohnandhissontakesomehomelesspeopleouttolunchinitially?A.Tohelpthemtofindthesuitableshelter.B.Tomakefriendswiththehomelesspeople.C.Todosomeresearchandprepareforaproject.D.Tohaveabetterunderstandingofthehomelesspeople.答案D[间接信息题。根据第四段“Afterthat,theycame