2025高考英语大二轮阅读专题一　题型3　主旨大意题 含答案

2025高考英语大二轮阅读专题一题型3主旨大意题题型3主旨大意题主旨大意即作者在文章或段落中想要表达的主要内容，是文章或段落的核心思想，也是作者通过行文逻辑和各种细节信息阐明的核心内容。把握主旨大意是英语阅读理解的一项关键能力，对正确理解全文有重要意义。考生在解题时应通过略读捕捉文中的关键词句，把握篇章和段落结构，梳理篇章和段落的行文脉络，从而弄清作者的写作思路，最终归纳出主旨大意。高考阅读理解中，对该关键能力的考查主要有以下三种：归纳段落大意、理解全文主旨和选定最佳标题。段落大意题段落大意题主要考查考生对段落核心信息的理解，要求考生在理解段落内容的基础上提炼出核心信息，然后对比选项，选出最契合段落主要内容的选项。段落大意题常见设问形式：Whatisthefirst/second/...paragraphmainlyabout?Whatdoesparagraph...mainlytalkabout?Whatdoesthewritertrytoexpressinparagraph...?典例剖析(2024·新课标Ⅰ，B片段)LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack，Tindalesays，shewaspreparedtoputhim关键信息1：案例①tosleep，butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse，Nappy，“movesmoreeasily关键信息2：案例②andridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.串联各句内容，提炼段落主旨：本段主要介绍了两个整体医学的具体的治疗案例：①LeighTindale的狗Charlie患心脏病，采用整体医学治疗后，病情好转，能够多活5个月；②PriscillaDewing家的马Nappy经过整体医学治疗后移动更容易，骑着更舒适了。由此可知，本段主要通过这两个具体的治疗案例来说明整体医学的有效性。对比分析选项，确定答案：对比选项发现，D项“整体医学的有效性”与本段主旨最为契合，为正确答案。26．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?设问方向：第三段的段落大意A．Stepsofachiropractictreatment.B．Thecomplexityofveterinarians’work.C．Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.D．Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.技法归纳即时演练A(2023·全国乙，D片段)Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld，ahistorythatdoesnot①privilegeonepartofhumanity，youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone，becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts，whilemostoftheworld，formostofthetime，hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements，anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheir②concernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.1．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B．Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C．Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D．Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.语境猜词：①privilege②concernB(2022·新课标Ⅰ，D片段)...Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐)，makingithardtoproducelabiodentals，whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later，ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(结构)，makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.[Analysesofalanguage①databasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage，withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasing②remarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.]paragraph5...2．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B．Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C．Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D．Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.语境猜词：①database②remarkably语境猜词答案A．①v.给予特权，特别优待②n.重要的事情B．①n.(计算机)数据库，资料库②adv.不寻常地，惊人地文章大意题文章大意题主要考查考生对一篇文章的整体理解，要求考生具备在速读中准确掌握全文主旨的能力。考生需要在理解全文内容的基础上，通过归纳概括、推理判断等逻辑思维活动，概括出全文主旨大意。文章大意题常见设问形式：Whatisthetextmainlyabout？What’sthemainideaofthetext？Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?典例剖析(2024·新课标Ⅱ，C)Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However，mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney，BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.[第一段主题句]BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally，itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital，restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.[第二段主题句]Specifically，it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.[第三段主题句]ByconnectingthroughtheCloud，BMFisremotelymonitored.Also，thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated，itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil，thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest，userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover，havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)[关键信息]fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition，there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment[关键信息第四段大意]．BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.[第五段主题句]Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice，theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste，carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment，”saidaBMFemployee.串联各段落大意，提炼文章主旨：①第一段以新鲜食物的重要性及商店农产品运输过程影响新鲜度的问题导入，引出巴比伦微农场(BMF)，指出其大大缩短运输路程的优势。②第二段强调巴比伦微农场通过创新型设计来保证新鲜蔬菜供应。③第三段详细说明巴比伦微农场依靠的新技术及其带来的优势。④第四段和第五段指出巴比伦微农场在可持续发展方面的优势。综合以上段意可知，本文主要介绍巴比伦微农场(BMF)的优势。对比分析选项，确定答案：对比选项发现，A项“巴比伦微农场(BMF)的主要优势”与文章主旨最为契合，为正确答案。31．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?设问方向：本文的大意A．BMF’smajorstrengths. B．BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C．BMF’sglobalinfluence. D．BMF’stechnicalstandards.技法归纳即时演练(2023·浙江1月，B)Livewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle，noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon.IexperiencedthiswhenIstartedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago，asIwaslivingwithmyparents，andIcontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband，asheisnotcompletelyzerowastelikeme.I’velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough，whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson，sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars，andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater，Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries，andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued，IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.Ihadmyownbedroom，soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn’tneed.SinceIhadmyowntoiletries(洗漱用品)，Iwasabletostart①personalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialsoofferedtocook②everysooften，soIportionedoutabitofthecupboardformyownzerowastegroceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon’tentirelymaketheswitch，butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges，youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifotherscommentonwhatyou’redoing，whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.Ifyouhaveindividualswhoarenot③onboard，yourwordsprobablywon’tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.Sohereismyadvice：Leadbyaction.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Howtogetonwellwithotherfamilymembers.B．Howtohaveone’sownpersonalspaceathome.C．Howtoliveazerowastelifestyleinahousehold.D．Howtocontrolthebudgetwhenbuyinggroceries.语境猜词：①personalise②everysooften③onboard语境猜词答案①v.使个性化，为个人特制②偶尔，间或③支持标题归纳题标题是文章中心思想的精练表达。标题归纳题主要考查考生把握文章主旨、理解文章中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法，对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括，最终准确地选出文章的标题。标题归纳题常见设问形式：Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext？Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleforthepassage?典例剖析(2024·全国甲，B)Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance，almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(声音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp，scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.[第一段主题句]Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou’reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry，itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfindfood.However，whenacatislookingforaffection，theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother’sattentionandbefed.串联各段落大意，提炼文章主旨：①第一段段意：猫是一种特殊的动物，拥有惊人的发声技能。Catshavemanyheightenedsenses，buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.[第二段主题句]Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplacetorelax.However，anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.That’swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats，whichtheydon’tusuallylike.Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit，butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.[第三段主题句]Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat’sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉动物)．Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit’sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!②第二段段意：猫有许多敏锐的感官，尤其是它们的嗅觉更令人印象深刻。③第三段段意：猫的抓取能力很强。综合以上段意可知，本文主要介绍猫的一些行为习惯以及背后的原因和意义。对比分析选项，确定答案：对比选项发现，B项“了解你的猫的行为”概括精准，统领全文，为正确答案。其他干扰项：A项“找一只聪明猫的小贴士”，C项“和你的猫玩得开心”和D项“如何让你的猫保持健康”都偏离了主题。27．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?设问方向：适合本文的标题A．TipsonFindingaSmartCat B．UnderstandingYourCat’sBehaviorC．HaveFunwithYourCat D．HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy技法归纳即时演练(2024·浙江1月，D)TheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedby①psychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat，selectedbythechild，wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat，theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Follow-upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainasecondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(诱惑)bysugarytreats，butbyourcomputers，phones，andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie-poorworld，andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue—afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus，dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories，westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago，andthis②mismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswas③information-poor，soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhasgreatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenow④ceaselesslybombarded(轰炸)withnewinformation.Therefore，justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption，wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption，resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．EatLess，ReadMoreB．TheBitterTruthAboutEarlyHumansC．TheLater，theBetterD．TheMarshmallowTestforGrownups语境猜词：①psychologist②mismatch③information-poor④ceaselessly语境猜词答案①n.心理学家②n.不协调；错配③adj.信息贫乏的④adv.不停地答案精析考向11．A[段落大意题。根据选段内容可知，本段主要讲述的是历史应该如何被展示，即通过文字和实物相结合。故选A。]2．A[段落大意题。根据第五段，尤其是其中的“Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmed”可知，本段主要提出支持上文研究结果的证据。故选A。]考向2C[主旨大意题。通读全文尤其根据第二段内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者是如何在家庭中践行零浪费的生活方式的。故选C。]考向3D[标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第二段内容可知，文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人也每天都在面对“棉花糖测试”，需要抵抗各种电子设备带来的海量信息的诱惑，所以D项“成年人的棉花糖测试”概括文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选D。]题型4词句猜测题词句猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对代词所指代内容的判断。词义猜测题词义猜测题主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个单词或词组含义的能力，这些词和词组往往超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。词义猜测题的设问方式主要有：Whatdoestheunderlinedword/phrase“...”inparagraph...mean/referto？What’sclosestinmeaningto“...”inparagraph...?Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“...”underlinedinparagraph...？Whichexpressioncanbestreplacetheunderlinedword/phrase“...”inparagraph...?技法1根据逻辑关系猜词义典例剖析(2024·新课标Ⅱ，D片段)Inthewronghands，suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedto线索句processasthecomputercode(代码)thatpowersAIeq\x(but，thankfully)，信号词Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslating线索句theheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangle验证句ofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic，makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich，bytheclose，willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.32．Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?设问方向：第二段中画线短语“Inthewronghands”的意思A．Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated.B．Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.C．Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent.D．Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.判断逻辑关系：信号词but，thankfully表示转折关系，暗示画线短语所在部分与后面的意思相反。分析解题线索并推断词义：后面的句子提到坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，能把复杂难懂的东西翻译成可以理解的东西。结合转折关系可以推断，前面应该表示“如果是由能力较差的人来写，这样一本书可能会和驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂”，故推测画线短语表示“如果是由能力不足的人写的”。验证词义：后文说她从一个商业人士的实际角度而不是从一个学者的角度来写作，这使得这本指南非常容易理解而且信息丰富。这也证明了她有能力，写得好，故C项正确。技法归纳即时演练A(因果关系)Thediscoveryismomentousbecausemicroplasticsaresosmallthatscientistshavestruggledtoremovethemfromoceans，rivers，andotherbodiesofwater.Typicalwastewatertreatmentplantssimplydonothavethetechnologytofullycatchthemsotheyoftenmaketheirwaytotheocean，wheretheyarelikelytobeeatenbyfish.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“momentous”probablymean?A．Accidental. B．Significant.C．Complex. D．Interesting.B(对比关系)MonetwasraisedinLeHavre，Normandy.Hebecameinterestedintheoutdoorsanddrawingfromanearlyage.HismotherLouiseJustineAubréeMonetendorsedhisambitionstobeapainter，whilehisfatherClaudeAdolphedisapprovedandwantedhimtopursueacareerinbusiness.However，Monetchosetofollowhisheart.2．Whichisclosestinmeaningto“endorsed”？A．Fulfilled. B．Trusted.C．Supported. D．Confirmed.C(选择关系)“Forexample，doctorscouldsomedayusethetechnologytohelpthemdecidewhethertocontinueorterminatethetreatmentofpeoplewithdisorders，”Lanovaz，aresearcherofthestudy，said.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“terminate”mean?A．Postpone. B．Receive.C．Stop. D．Refuse.D(递进关系)Constantly，wetlandsare“transitionzones”betweendrylandandwater.Duringfloods，theyspongeupexcess(过量的)rainwaterandevenprotectpeoplefromthedamageofflooding.Onthecoast，wetlandshelpreducetheimpactofstormsurgepushedontolandbypowerfulstormslikehurricanes.Protectingenvironmentcanhelpwildlifegrowwellandprotectusfromthechangingclimate.4．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlined“spongeup”？A．Block. B．Absorb.C．Steam. D．Produce.技法2根据语法关系猜词义典例剖析(2021·全国甲，C片段)Southbank，ataneasternbendintheThames，isthecenterofBritishskateboarding，wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.原文关键词＝题干线索词—↓Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite：eq\x(Safe.)Safemeant信息句信号词cool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon’tworryaboutit.Once，whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam(横杆)，Ifellontothestones，damaginganerveinmyhand，andTobycameover，helpingmeup：“Safe，man.Safe.”Afewminuteslater，whenIlandedthetrick，myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud，shouting：“Safe!Safe!Safe！”Andthat’swhatmattered—landingtricks，beingagoodskater.分析句子，找寻语法关系信号词，做出猜测：由信息句可知，信号词为meant，说明后面的内容是对前面的解释，所以根据后面的cool，hello和don’tworry可知，safe在这一群人之间可以表示赞扬、问候或安慰，结合画线词是朋友们在作者掌握一项技巧之后所说，故推断“Safe！Safe！Safe！”应该是赞扬的意思。对比选项，确定答案：对比选项知B项“做得好！”为正确答案。29．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“?设问方向：画线词“Safe！Safe！Safe！”的意思A．Becareful!B．Welldone!C．Noway!D．Don’tworry!技法归纳即时演练1．Pantomimereferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.2．Semantics，thestudyofthemeaningofwords，isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.3．Youmayborrowfromthelibraryanyperiodicals：NewsWeekly，Reader’sDigest.4．IamaboywholikesreadingandIreadallkindsofbooks.WhenIdothis，Ihaveendedupwithtwospeeds—fastandslowdependingonhowworthwhileIfindthebook.Iliketoanalyzeandponderoverthewordsandcontentsofthebooks，whichcansharpenmymind.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“ponderover”inthisparagraphmean?A．Thinkabout. B．Speakout.C．Cutdown. D．Takeover.技法3根据构词法猜词义典例剖析(2023·新课标Ⅰ，C片段)Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism，includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks，andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso，Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone，Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism，startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable，beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy：thedigitaldeclutter.[1]判断画线词类型：派生词：词根clutterv．凌乱地塞满；乱堆放n．杂乱的东西；杂乱前缀de-为否定前缀，有去除之意[2]初步确定词义：所猜词意思＝词根意思＋前缀意思，“去除杂乱的东西；使不再凌乱”，即“清理”Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheend[3]验证词义：画线词后句中的Thisprocess指代thedigitaldeclutter。该句提到这个过程要求读者在30天内远离可选择的网络活动。由此可知，作者应是建议读者进行网络活动的清理，推知declutter意为“清理”，备选项中，clear-up与此同义，故A项为正确答案。ofthethirtydays，youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone，I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso，I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem，andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?设问方向：第三段中画线单词“declutter”的意思A．Clear-up.B．Add-on.C．Check-in.D．Take-over.技法归纳即时演练1．(合成词)Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well-designedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward(别扭的)handposition.____2．(派生词)Exhibitionofficialssaidthatapersonbittenbyoneofthesesnakeswouldneedatleast80mlofananti-poisonmedicinetobesaved.3．(转化词)RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.Theunderlinedphrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans.A．cleaningup B．takinginC．wipingout D．givingup技法4根据上下文语境猜词义上下文语境是猜测画线部分含义的重要依据之一。在解题时，考生需要“瞻前顾后”，全面考虑文章所要表达的含义。有时，文章会在上下文中给出线索，考生可依此猜测画线部分的含义。典例剖析(2024·新课标Ⅰ，C片段)Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore，learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.线索1Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularly线索2shinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimple线索3tasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?设问方向：画线短语“shinethrough”的意思A．Seemunlikelytolast.B．Seemhardtoexplain.C．Becomereadytouse.D．Becomeeasytonotice.瞻前顾后寻找线索：线索1：当阅读几百或更多字的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在电子屏幕上学习更成功。线索2：阅读印刷品的好处尤其……线索3：当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章中的主要思想)到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时。分析解题线索并推断词义：由画线词前面的线索1可知，在纸上学习非常有优势，线索2在程度上递进说优势尤其，画线词后面的线索3提到当实验人员把任务从易到难推进时的情境，可以推测画线短语应该是表示阅读印刷品的优势在此情境的特点，结合短语中shine“闪耀；出色”可推知，画线短语应该意为“更为明显”。对比选项，确定答案：对比选项发现D项“容易被注意到”与猜测词义相近，故为正确答案。技法归纳即时演练A(2023·全国甲，B片段)TerriBoltonisadabhandwhenitcomestoDIY(do-it-yourself)．Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture，sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.1．Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand”inparagraph1?A．Anartist. B．Awinner.C．Aspecialist. D．Apioneer.B(2022·新课标Ⅰ，C片段)WendyWilson，extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet，oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject，said：“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”2．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A．Improve. B．Oppose.C．Begin. D．Evaluate.代词指代题代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代对象。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。常见的设问形式有：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that/this/it/...”inparagraph...referto?典例剖析(2024·浙江1月，B片段)Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago，right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas...2006.Iwasconductingauditions(试演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.就近名词Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkfor解题关键句mefornothing，Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlesto代词位置：段末，应指代上文makeitseemabitmore“youngprofessional”．24．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphreferto?设问方向：第一段画线代词“it”的指代对象A．Theplay. B．Thesharedhouse.C．Thesofa. D．Thetelephonebox.寻找解题线索：代词it指代单数，可知指代内容应为画线词前面的单数事物。分析关键句，识别指代内容：关键句提到为了给一些有才华的演员留下深刻印象，让他们免费为“我”工作，“我”在沙发上铺了一些垫子，点燃了蜡烛，为了让它看起来更“年轻专业”一点。此处的“它”应该指代上文提到的“我的小旧合租房”。故答案选B。技法归纳即时演练A(2020·新课标Ⅰ，C片段)Inthemid-1990s，TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths，physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater，stillattractedtothecountry，hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit，however，endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook，ChasingtheSea：LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia，whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan，wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland，andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway：Rustam，histranslator，alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia，OlegandNatasha，hishostsinTashkent，andastringofforeignaidworkers.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A．Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B．TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C．WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D．WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.BCory’sshearwatersarelong-lived，rarelyproducingyoungsuccessfullybeforeagenine.Thisleavesanopeningforlearningandpracticetodeveloptheirmigrationpatterns.Researcherscallthisthe“exploration-refinement”，anduntilnowithasbeenhypothetical(假设的)becauseofdifficultiesintrackingmigratoryanimals’movements.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”referto?A．Theopeningforlearningandpractice.B．TheuniquelivinghabitofCory’sshearwaters.C．ThewayCory’sshearwatersformtheirmigrationpatterns.D．TheprocessscientiststrackCory’sshearwaters’movements.句意猜测题高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查，因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义，巧解句意猜测题。设问方式有：Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression/sentence“...”inparagraph...mean?典例剖析(2019·浙江，B片段)Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.原文画线句ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth，aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread，“GiveWhatYouCan，TakeWhatYouNeed.”关联信息句24．Whatdoestheexpression“moneywithnostringsattached”inparagraph1mean?设问方向：第一段画线句子“moneywithnostringsattached”的意思A．Moneyspentwithouthesitati