山东省济宁市2025届高三下学期3月一模试题 英语 含解析

济宁市2025年高考模拟考试英语试题2025.03注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Studyhardforexams. B.Enjoythespringtime. C.Dosomeindooractivities.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Whyareyousittingindoors?Itwon’talwaysbespring,youknow.Enjoyitwhileyoucan.W:I’dliketo,butIhavealotofworktodo.Whydoesgoodweatheralwayscomealongwithahugestackofexams?2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whathelpedthewomanachievegoodgrades?A.Takingverydetailednotes.B.Learninginastudygroup.C.Teachingherselfdifficulttopics.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Youdidsowellintheexam.Howdidyougetsuchgoodscores?W:Icreatedastudygroupwithmyfriends.Wehelpexplaindifficulttopicstooneanother.Weevenshareournotes.M:That’sagreatidea.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whydoesthemantakeanothercomputerclass?A.Toimprovehisworkefficiency.B.Togetadegreeincomputerscience.C.Tokeeppacewithtechnologychanges.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:You'retakinganothercomputerclass?Areyoutakingitforyourwork?Ithoughtyoualreadyhadadegreeincomputerscience.M:Ido,buttechnologykeepschangingallthetime.Thisisthebestwaytokeepupwithit.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】HowmuchdoestheT-shirtcosttoday?A.$40. B.$45. C.$50.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:ThisT-shirtisaspecialoffertoday.Youcanhaveitat10%offtheregularpriceof50dollars.M:It’snice,butstilltooexpensive.Canyougivemea20%discount?W:No.10%ismylastword.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Overthephone. B.Inaclassroom. C.Inahospital.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Hello,Julia.ThisisJohnspeaking.Whydidn’tyoucometoclasstoday?W:I’mnotfeelingwell.Andthedoctoradvisedmetostayathomeforafewdays.M:Oh,that’stoobad.Ifyouneedhelpwithstudy,pleaseletmeknow.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatwillthespeakerssetouttodotomorrow?A.Packsleepingbags. B.Attendamusicfestival. C.Gocampinginthemountains.7.Whatdoesthewomanfeelsorryfor?A.Thebrokenguitar. B.Lengthofthetrip. C.Noroomforthestereo.【答案】6.C7.A【解析】【原文】M:Wehavetofindawaytopackallthethingsforthecampingtripbeforeweleavetomorrow.W:WehaveourcarandGeorge’struck.Weshouldbeabletofiteverythinginthetwovehicles.M:Yeah,Ithinkweshouldputthetentsinhistruckandthesleepingbagsinourcar.W:Wecouldputthesleepingbagsinthetrucktoo.Thatway,we’llhaveroomtotakethestereo.Ifwearegoingtobeinthemountainsforaweek,we’llneedsomemusictolistento.M:Yeah,butifwecan’ttakethestereo,I’lltakemyguitar.I’mlookingforwardtoplayingsomemusic.W:Um,butBrianbrokeyourguitaryesterday.Sorry.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.WhatdoesSusancometothepoemclubfor?A.Tosatisfyherinterestinpoems.B.Toperformliveactingpractice.C.Tolookformoretheatrelovers.9.Whatdayisittoday?A.Monday. B.Tuesday. C.Wednesday.【答案】8.C9.A【解析】【原文】M:Hey,Susan.Whatareyoudoinghereinthepoemclub?Ithoughtyoudislikepoems.W:Yeah,theystillmakemesleepy.I’mcominghereforthetheatergroupIbelongto.We’relookingformorestudentstojoinus,especiallyboys.AndIthoughtyoumightbeinterested.Theplaywearemakingisreallyinspiring.M:Oh,youknowhowmuchIloveacting,butI’mtakingsomereallyhardcoursesthisterm.SoI’mafraidIwon’thavemuchtimeforpractice.W:Well,actuallyweonlypracticeeveryTuesdayfrom2:00pmto5:00pm.M:Onlyonceaweek.Canyougivememoretimetothinkitover?W:Sure.Andyoucancomeandwatchuspracticetomorrow.Ithinkyou’lllikethewaywework.M:Great.I’llcomeifIhavetime.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Whydidthemangethissalaryraised?A.Hewasgivenapromotion. B.Hegotapart-timejob. C.Helandedanewjob.11.Howmuchdoesthewomanplantospendondailyexpenses?A.Alloftheman’ssalary. B.70%ofthewoman’ssalary. C.30%ofthewoman’ssalary.12.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman’splan?A.Unrealistic. B.Challenging. C.Acceptable.【答案】10.A11.B12.C【解析】【原文】M:Honey,I’mback.Hereismylastmonth’ssalary.W:Oh,itis$500morethanbefore.Whathappened?M:MybosssaidIdidagreatjobinthelastseveralmonths.SoIhavejustbeenpromotedtothepositionofdepartmentmanagerandgivenapayraise.W:Oh,that’sgreat.Honey,Ihavegotaplan.M:Whatisit?W:Whataboutdoingthis?Let’sputallyoursalaryintooursavingsaccountanduse30%ofmysalaryasNelsonandJessica’seducationfundfromnowon.M:What?Doyouthinktherestofyoursalarywouldbeenoughtocoverourdailyexpenses?W:Don’tworry.IfIbuyfewerdressesandyoudon’teatouttoooften,everythingwillbeallright.Besides,don’tyouforget?Ihavejustgotanewjobandthepayisnotbad.M:OK.It’suptoyou.Anyway,Ionlyhopewecanstilltakeourchildrenoutandseeafilmeveryweekend.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Hostingaprogram. B.Testinganewtool. C.Conductingasurvey.14.Whyarethescientistsdevelopingthetool?A.Topreventblindnesshappening.B.Tohelptheblindseeagain.C.Toreducenear-sightedness.15.Whatisinsidetheglasses?A.Acomputerchip. B.Aspecialpicture. C.Avideocamera.16.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthetool?A.It'sperfect. B.It'saffordable. C.It'slife-changing.【答案】13.A14.B15.C16.C【解析】【原文】W:Dr.Spenser,thanksforjoiningourprogramtoday.M:It’smypleasure.W:So,whatexactlyarescientistsatyourcompanydoing?M:We’redevelopingatooltohelpblindpeopletoseeagain.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewholosttheirsightbecauseofanaccident.W:So,tellusaboutthetoolyou’reworkingonnow.M:Well,itusesacomputerchipandspecialglasses.Westartbyputtingthechipinablindperson’seyes.Thechipisvery,verysmall,ofcourse.Andtheglasseshaveaverysmallvideocamerainside.W:So,howdothecomputerchipandglassesworktogether?M:Well,ablindpersonputsontheglassesandlooksatsomething,forexample,thispen.Firstthevideocameraintheglassestakesapictureofthepen.Thenthecamerasendsthepicturetothecomputerchipintheperson’seyes.W:Andthenthepersoncanseethepen!M:Exactly!Thiswholeprocesshappensveryquickly,ofcourse.W:Wow!Now,usingthistool,willablindpersonbeabletoseeaswellasanormalone?M:No,theywon’thaveperfectvision,buttheywillbeabletoseemanythings.Thistoolisstillnew,butformanyofthepeopleinourstudy,it’schangedtheirlives.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Themostpopularwebsite.B.Negativeeffectsofsocialmedia.C.Differentgenerations’onlinehabits.18.WhydidSheilajoinFacebook?A.Tokeeptrackofhergrandchildren.B.Tosharehervideosandphotos.C.Togetsomefollowers.19.WhatdoesChloe'sagegroupprefertodo?ASpendtimechattingwithparents.B.Stayathomeplayingonphones.C.Makereal-lifecommunication.20.WhatdoesPetermakeanefforttodo?A.Sparetimetostaywithkids.B.Giveupusingdigitaldevices.C.Sharehouseworkwithfamily.【答案】17.C18.A19.B20.A【解析】【原文】M:Today’sgrandparentsarejoiningtheirgrandchildrenonsocialmedia,butdifferentgenerations’onlinehabitscouldbedifferent.IntheUKtheover-55sarejoiningFacebookinincreasingnumbers,meaningthattheywillsoonbethesite’ssecondbiggestusergroup,with6.4millionusers.Sheila,aged59,saidshejoinedFacebooktoseewhathergrandchildrenaredoing,asherdaughterDaisypostsvideosandphotosofthemonline.It’samuchbetterwaytoseewhatthey’redoingthanwaitingforlettersandphotosintheemails.Only2.2millionusersintheUKareunder17,butthey’renotgoingfarfromtheirsmartphones.Chloe,aged15,evensleepswithherphonebecausesheusesitasheralarmclock.Unlikehergrandmother’sgeneration,Chloe’sagegroupisspendingsomuchtimeontheirphonesathomethattheyarespendinglittletimewiththeirfriendsinreallife.Sheila,ontheotherhand,contactsoldfriendsfromschoolshehasn’theardfromin40yearsonsocialmedia.It’schangedhersociallifecompletely.Asweknow,parentsweretheearlyadoptersofthesmartphone.Peter,38andfatheroftwoteenagers,saidthatheusedtobeonhisphoneorlaptopconstantlybecauseofwork.Hewantstochangethissituation.So,intheeveningsandatweekends,heonlymakescallsandsendstextmessagestosetabetterexampletohiskidsandspendmorequalitytimewiththem.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ACan’tfindtheperfectbiketosuitallyourneeds?JoinusforourBuild-Your-OwnBikeWorkshopandcustomiseoneforyourself!Ourcommittedtrainerswilltakeyouthroughstep-by-stepinstructionsinthis5-dayworkshoptoguideyouinbuildingyourownbike.Thisworkshopwillnotonlyprovideasatisfyinghands-onexperiencebutwillalsoexpandyourknowledgeofbikeparts,howtheyworkandhowtomaintainthem.Gearupforanenrichingtime!Date:2—6May2025Time:9am—12pmdailyCourseFees:$500perparticipantFeesinclude☑Allbikeparts☑Instructionsheets☑TrainerfeesLimitedto6participantstoensureyougettheattentionyouneed.Signupnowatwww.urbanbikeshop.comfortheultimatebuild-your-ownbikeexperience!10%EarlyBirdDiscountForSign-upsBefore1April*Membershipentitlesyoutoanadditionalcashdiscountof$30.WhatUrbanBikeShopisallabout...Wearethego-toplatformforcycliststoshopforbikepartsandbuildtheirownbikes.Additionally,ourplatformlinksyoutothevariousbikeretailers(零售商)soyoucanshopforbikesandcomponentsmoreeasily.OurVisionTopromotethejoyofcyclingandserveasaplatformwherecyclistscansetfitnessgoals,achievethem,andberewardedfortheirefforts,wehopetoconnectcyclistsandinspirethemtosharetheirexperienceswithouryear-longevents.21.Whatcanparticipantsdointheworkshop?A.Maintainfitnessthroughcycling. B.Gaintheknow-howtobuildbikes.C.Mastertheskillsofbeingatrainer. D.Producebikecomponentsbyhand.22.HowmuchshouldanUrbanBikeShopmemberpayforregistrationinMarch?A.$420. B.$450. C.$470. D.$500.23.WhatisUrbanBikeShop’slong-termgoal?A.Tomakehigh-endbikesmoreaccessible. B.Toattractasmanybikeretailersaspossible.C.Tocreateaninteractionnetworkforcyclists. D.Toprovidefreebikemaintenanceservices.【答案】21.B22.A23.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了UrbanBikeShop举办的“Build-Your-OwnBikeWorkshop”活动，内容包括活动时间、费用、优惠以及UrbanBikeShop的愿景等。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Ourcommittedtrainerswilltakeyouthroughstep-by-stepinstructionsinthis5-dayworkshoptoguideyouinbuildingyourownbike.(我们专业的培训师将在这为期5天的研讨会中为您提供逐步指导，帮助您组装自己的自行车)”可知，参与者可以在研讨会中学习如何组装自行车。故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文中“CourseFees:$500perparticipant(课程费用：每位学员500美元)”以及根据文章表格部分“10%EarlyBirdDiscountForSign-upsBefore1April(4月1日前报名可享受10%早鸟优惠)”以及“*Membershipentitlesyoutoanadditionalcashdiscountof$30.(会员还可享受额外30美元的现金优惠)可知，会员在3月报名需支付的费用为：$500-($500×10%)-$30=$420。故选A项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Topromotethejoyofcyclingandserveasaplatformwherecyclistscansetfitnessgoals,achievethem,andberewardedfortheirefforts,wehopetoconnectcyclistsandinspirethemtosharetheirexperienceswithouryear-longevents.(为了提升骑行的乐趣，打造一个平台，让骑行爱好者能够设定健身目标、达成目标并因付出的努力获得奖励，我们希望将骑行者们联系起来，激励他们通过我们为期一年的系列活动分享自己的经历)”可推知，UrbanBikeShop的长期目标是创建一个骑行者的互动网络。故选C项。BIwasrecentlyonacrowdedflighthomefromCalifornia,andholidaytravelwasbusyandchaotic.Icountedthreedifferentoccasionsofchildrenhavingemotionalbreakdowns—oneatthesecuritycheckpointandtwoontheplane.Icouldn’thelpbutnoticepeopleinlinecommenting,“Can’tthatmomgetahandleonherchild?”“Thatkidneedssomediscipline!”...Thesepeopleseemedtosuggestthattheseawfulholidaytravelcircumstancesshouldsomehowbetackledwithgraceandease.Tohercredit,themotherofthetoddler(学步儿童)inthesecuritylinekepthercooldespitethesweatonherbrowandherreddenedface.Asamomwhowasconstantlypepperedwithcommentsfromwell-intentionedfriendswhothoughttheywereinpossessionoftherecipeforperfectparenthood,Iwasalltoofamiliarwithhersituation.Imighthavebeenoneofthosejudgmentalfolksbeforehavingmyownchildren.TodayI’mmuchmoreunderstanding.Raisingchildrenishard,andeverychildandfamilysituationisextremelyunique.Therealityofourhustle-cultureandthelackofresourcesprohibitsmanypeoplefrombeingthekindofparentstheywouldreallyliketobe.Judgmentcertainlyisn'thelpful,onlycausingafeelingofshame.AsisechoedinthearticleReimagingShame,AuthorJanBonhoefferstates,“Leftunexamined,shamecancloudourself-view,leavingusconvincedthatourworthisconditional.Itwhisperslies:‘You’llneverbegoodenough.’Andwhenshamecontinues,itcanleadtoselfabandonment.”Theroleofmotherhoodisbothcomplexandchallenging,soanyattackonamotherwillgetherloadedwithshame,andshameisdisempowering.Thelastthingwomenneedismoredisempowerment.Whoevercoinedthephrase,“Everyoneyoumeetisfacinganinvisiblebattle.Bekind,”wasaccurate.Theleastwecandoissuspendourtendencytojudgeoneanother,replaceitwithamindsetofcompassion,andresolvetodoabetterjobempoweringtheotherwomeninourlivesthroughintentionalactionoradvocacy.24.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph1?A.It'seasytobeanarmchaircritic. B.Bystandersseemostofthegame.C.Thereisnolifewithoutdiscipline. D.Criticismisacornerstonetogrowth.25.Howdoestheauthorfindherfriends’comments?A.Constructive. B.Informative. C.Unworkable. D.Misleading.26.WhatdoesJanBonhoefferstressinthearticle?A.Thecoreconceptofshame. B.Thepotentialimpactofshame.C.Thetrueworthofself-views. D.Thecomplexroleofmotherhood.27.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledointhelastparagraph?A.Beingnon-judgmentaltowardmothers. B.Maintainingapositivemindsetatwork.C.Empoweringmomswithmultipleskills. D.Actingswiftlytoresolvehiddenconflicts.【答案】24.A25.C26.B27.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章以作者在假日旅行中看到孩子情绪崩溃及旁人对母亲的评判这一现象为切入点，通过阐述自己的经历和感受，引用他人观点，分析了评判带来的不良影响，进而提出应停止评判、以同情之心对待母亲等观点。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Thesepeopleseemedtosuggestthattheseawfulholidaytravelcircumstancesshouldsomehowbetackledwithgraceandease.(这些人似乎暗示，这些糟糕的假日旅行情况应该以某种优雅和轻松的方式得到处理。)”以及前面描述人们对孩子情绪崩溃时家长的评论“‘Can’tthatmomgetahandleonherchild?’‘Thatkidneedssomediscipline!’(‘那个妈妈就不能管管她的孩子吗？’‘那个孩子需要一些管教！’)”可知，这些旁观者只是轻松地发表评论，却没有考虑到实际情况的复杂性，就像坐在扶手椅上的批评家一样，只说不做，很容易就对别人指手画脚。所以可以推断出“当一个只会空谈的批评家很容易”。故选A项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Asamomwhowasconstantlypepperedwithcommentsfromwell-intentionedfriendswhothoughttheywereinpossessionoftherecipeforperfectparenthood,Iwasalltoofamiliarwithhersituation.(作为一位母亲，我经常受到一些好心朋友的评论，他们认为自己掌握了完美育儿的秘诀，我对她（安检处那位母亲）的处境太熟悉了。)”以及第三段“Raisingchildrenishard,andeverychildandfamilysituationisextremelyunique.Therealityofourhustle-cultureandthelackofresourcesprohibitsmanypeoplefrombeingthekindofparentstheywouldreallyliketobe.Judgmentcertainlyisn'thelpful,onlycausingafeelingofshame.(养育孩子是困难的，而且每个孩子和家庭的情况都极其独特。我们忙碌文化的现实以及资源的缺乏，使得许多人无法成为他们真正想成为的那种父母。评判肯定是没有帮助的，只会导致羞耻感。)”可知，作者认为朋友自认为掌握了完美育儿的秘诀，但养育孩子情况复杂，这种评论并没有帮助，是不可行的。故选C项。26题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“AuthorJanBonhoefferstates,‘Leftunexamined,shamecancloudourself-view,leavingusconvincedthatourworthisconditional.Itwhisperslies:‘You’llneverbegoodenough.’Andwhenshamecontinues,itcanleadtoselfabandonment.’(作者简・邦霍费尔指出：‘如果不加以审视，羞耻感会遮蔽我们的自我认知，让我们深信自己的价值是有条件的。它悄悄说着谎言：‘你永远不够好。’当羞耻感持续下去，它可能会导致自我放弃。’)”可知，简・邦霍费尔强调的是羞耻感的潜在影响，包括对自我认知的影响以及可能导致的自我放弃等后果。故选B项。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Theleastwecandoissuspendourtendencytojudgeoneanother,replaceitwithamindsetofcompassion,andresolvetodoabetterjobempoweringtheotherwomeninourlivesthroughintentionalactionoradvocacy.(我们至少可以做的是暂停我们评判他人的倾向，用一种同情的心态取而代之，并决心通过有意识的行动或倡导，更好地赋予我们生活中的其他女性力量。)”以及前文提到对母亲的无端评判会带来不良影响可知，作者建议人们不要对母亲进行评判，用同情的心态对待她们。故选A项。CAnewlydescribedspeciesoftardigrades,alsoknownaswaterbears,isgivingscientistsinsightsintowhatmakesthesetinycreaturessoresistanttoradiation.Tardigrades,mostlylessthanlmillimeterinlengthwiththeirsausage-shapedbodiesandfourpairsofshort,unjointedlegs,havelonginterestedscientistswiththeirabilitytowithstandextremeconditions,includingradiation.Therearearound1,500knowntardigradespecies,butonlyahandfularewell-studied.Now,LingqiangZhang,abiologistattheBeijingInstituteofLifeomics,andhiscoworkershavesequenced(测序)thegeneticgroupofaspeciesnewtoscience,andrevealedsomesecretsoftheirradiation-resistingpowers.Aroundsixyearsago,ZhangandhiscoworkersventuredintoFuniuMountaininChina’sHenanprovincetocollectmosssamples.Backinthelaboratoryandunderthemicroscope,theyidentifiedapreviouslyundocumentedspeciesoftardigrade,whichtheynamedHypsibiushenanensis.WhentheresearchersexposedH.henanensistoradiationlevelsof200and2,000grays—farbeyondwhatwouldbesurvivableforhumans—theyfoundoneofthegenes,calledTRIDI,editsaproteinthathelpstorepairdouble-strandbreaksinDNAbygatheringspecializedproteinsatsitesofdamage.“Thisisanewgenethat,tomyknowledge,noonewasstudying,”saysBobGoldstein,acellbiologistattheUniversityofNorthCarolina.Theresearchersalsoestimatethat0.5—3.1%ofthetardigrade’sgeneswereacquiredfromotherorganismsthroughaprocessknownashorizontalgenetransfer(转移).AgenecalledDODA1,whichseemstohavebeenacquiredfrombacteria,enablestardigradestoproducebetalains,whichcanmopupsomeoftheharmfulreactivechemicalsthatradiationcausestoforminsidecells.Theresearchersbelievetheirinsightscouldbeusedtohelpprotectastronautsfromradiationduringspacemissions,cleanupnuclearpollutionorimprovecancertreatment.“Wearestilllackingknowledgeofdifferenttardigradespeciesoutthere.Theseanimalshave“asourceofprotectantsthatwillprobablykeeppouringoutmorethatwillbeusefulandinterestingtounderstand,”saysGoldstein.28.Whatmakestardigradessoappealingtoscientists?A.Theirsurvivalability. B.Theiroddappearance.C.Theirspeciesdiversity. D.Theirlargepopulation.29.WhatcanTRIDIintardigradesdo?A.Produceprotectivesubstances. B.Acquireexternalgenes.C.Facilitateproteinexchanges. D.RepairdamagedDNA.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“mopup”inparagraph5mean?A.Distribute. B.Remove. C.Mirror. D.Activate.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitle?A.Tardigrades:TheReemergingSpecies. B.Tardigrades:TinyGiantswithAncientOrigins.C.DiscoveringNewTardigradeSpeciesinChina. D.UnlockingTardigrades’RadiationDefense.【答案】28.A29.D30.B31.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了缓步动物耐受极端环境（包括辐射）的能力让科学家感兴趣，为此展开了研究，发现了它们可以抵抗辐射背后的原因在于它们的基因。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Tardigrades,mostlylessthanlmillimeterinlengthwiththeirsausage-shapedbodiesandfourpairsofshort,unjointedlegs,havelonginterestedscientistswiththeirabilitytowithstandextremeconditions,includingradiation.(缓步动物大多身长不到1毫米，身体呈香肠状，有四对短而无节的腿。长期以来，科学家们一直对它们耐受极端环境（包括辐射）的能力感兴趣)”可知，缓步动物的生存能力吸引了科学家。故选A。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“WhentheresearchersexposedH.henanensistoradiationlevelsof200and2,000grays—farbeyondwhatwouldbesurvivableforhumans—theyfoundoneofthegenes,calledTRIDI,editsaproteinthathelpstorepairdouble-strandbreaksinDNAbygatheringspecializedproteinsatsitesofdamage.(当研究人员将河南人暴露在200和2000格雷的辐射水平（远远超过人类的生存能力）下时，他们发现其中一个被称为TRIDI的基因可以编辑一种蛋白质，这种蛋白质通过在受损部位收集专门的蛋白质来帮助修复DNA中的双链断裂)”可知，缓步动物体内的TRIDI能修复受损的DNA。故选D。【30题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Anewlydescribedspeciesoftardigrades,alsoknownaswaterbears,isgivingscientistsinsightsintowhatmakesthesetinycreaturessoresistanttoradiation.(一种新发现的缓步动物，也被称为水熊，让科学家们了解了是什么让这些微小的生物如此抵抗辐射)”；划线词上文“AgenecalledDODA1,whichseemstohavebeenacquiredfrombacteria,enablestardigradestoproducebetalains(一种名为DODA1的基因似乎是从细菌中获得的，它使缓步动物能够产生β素)”以及后文“someoftheharmfulreactivechemicalsthatradiationcausestoforminsidecells(……辐射导致细胞内形成的一些有害的反应性化学物质)”可知，水熊虫可以抵抗辐射，说明其基因中产生的β素可以去除辐射导致细胞内形成的一些有害的反应性化学物质，从而抵抗辐射。故划线词意思是“去除”。故选B。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Anewlydescribedspeciesoftardigrades,alsoknownaswaterbears,isgivingscientistsinsightsintowhatmakesthesetinycreaturessoresistanttoradiation.(一种新发现的缓步动物，也被称为水熊，让科学家们了解了是什么让这些微小的生物如此抵抗辐射)”结合文章主要说明了缓步动物耐受极端环境（包括辐射）的能力让科学家感兴趣，为此展开了研究，发现了它们可以抵抗辐射背后的原因在于它们的基因。可知，D选项“解锁缓步动物的辐射防御”最符合文章标题。故选D。DThegrowinginteractionbetweenhumansandartificialintelligence(AI)isshapinganewwayofthinking,knownasSystem0.Thisnewcognitive(认知的)frameworkexistsoutsidethehumanmindandworksasanexternal“thinkingassistant”.System0worksalongsidethetwoestablishedmodelsofhumanthought:Systeml,whichisfast,intuitive(直觉的),andautomatic,andSystem2,whichisslower,moreanalytical,andreflective.Justasanexternaldriveallowsustostoredatathatarenotpresentonthecomputer,andwecanworkbyconnectingourdrivetoaPCwhereverweare,AI,withitspowerfulprocessinganddata-handlingcapabilities,canrepresentanexternalcircuittothehumanbraincapableofenhancingit.HencetheideaofSystem0,whichisessentiallyaformof“external”thinkingthatreliesonthecapabilitiesofAI.Bymanagingenormousamountsofdata,AIcanprocessinformationandprovidesuggestionsbasedoncomplexalgorithms(算法).However,unlikeintuitiveoranalyticalthinking,System0canperformcalculations,makepredictions,andgenerateresponseswithouttruly“understanding”thecontentofthedataitworkswith.Theintegrationofsystem0intohumancognitionraisessomeconcerns.Oneofthemostpressingonesisthepotentialdamagetoourcriticalthinkingandreasoningabilities.Ifweblindlytrusttheoutputofsystem0withoutquestioningit,werisklosingourabilitytothinkindependently,leadingtoaweakercapacityforinnovationandcreativity.Atthesametime,itisimportanttoacknowledgethepotentialbenefitsofsystem0inincreasingourcognitivecapabilitiesandaddressingcomplexchallengesthatmaybebeyondthecapacityofhumanintelligencealone.DespitethepolarizedvisionsonthetopicoftheevolutionofAI,werecommendthatthisrevolutionarysystembetheobjectofadeep,sharedreflectiononhowweplantointegrateitintothefutureofhumanthought.ToensurethatAIremainsatooltoenhance—ratherthandecrease—ourcognitiveautonomy,clearboundariesmustbeestablished.32.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1?A.TostateAI’sinfluenceondailylife. B.Tointroduceanewcognitivemodel.C.Tocomparethreethinkingsystems. D.TodiscussAI’sroleindecision-making.33.WhichcanbestdescribetheessenceofSystem0?A.Adeepmeaningseeker. B.Ananalyticalthinkingpioneer.C.Asmartdecision-maker. D.Anexternalcognitiveenhancer.34.Whatistheauthor’stonecarriedinparagraph4?A.Pushy. B.Indifferent. C.Objective. D.Dismissive.35.Whatwillthefollow-upparagraphmostprobablytalkabout?A.Moraldilemmasinhuman-AIintegration. B.PossiblypromisingprospectsofSystem0.C.TechnicalchallengesinsharpeningSystem0. D.SpecificguidelinesonusingSystem0critically.【答案】32.B33.D34.C35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的认知模型——系统0，介绍了其本质以及工作原理等情况。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Thegrowinginteractionbetweenhumansandartificialintelligence(AI)isshapinganewwayofthinking,knownasSystem0.Thisnewcognitive(认知的)frameworkexistsoutsidethehumanmindandworksasanexternal“thinkingassistant”.System0worksalongsidethetwoestablishedmodelsofhumanthought:Systeml,whichisfast,intuitive(直觉的),andautomatic,andSystem2,whichisslower,moreanalytical,andreflective.(人类与人工智能（AI）之间日益增长的互动正在形成一种新的思维方式，即系统0。这个新的认知框架存在于人类思维之外，作为一个外部的“思维助手”。系统0与两种已建立的人类思维模式一起工作：快速、直觉和自动的系统1，以及较慢、更善于分析和反思的系统2)”可知，第1段的目的是介绍一种新的认知模型——系统0。故选B。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“HencetheideaofSystem0,whichisessentiallyaformof“external”thinkingthatreliesonthecapabilitiesofAI.(因此就有了System0的概念，它本质上是一种依赖于AI能力的“外部”思维形式)”可知，系统0的本质是外部认知增强剂。故选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Theintegrationofsystem0intohumancognitionraisessomeconcerns.Oneofthemostpressingonesisthepotentialdamagetoourcriticalthinkingandreasoningabilities.Ifweblindlytrusttheoutputofsystem0withoutquestioningit,werisklosingourabilitytothinkindependently,leadingtoaweakercapacityforinnovationandcreativity.Atthesametime,itisimportanttoacknowledgethepotentialbenefitsofsystem0inincreasingourcognitivecapabilitiesandaddressingcomplexchallengesthatmaybebeyondthecapacityofhumanintelligencealone.(将系统0整合到人类认知中引起了一些关注。其中最紧迫的是对我们批判性思维和推理能力的潜在损害。如果我们盲目相信系统0的产出而不去质疑它，我们就有可能失去独立思考的能力，从而导致创新和创造能力的削弱。与此同时，重要的是要认识到系统0在提高我们的认知能力和解决可能超出人类智能能力的复杂挑战方面的潜在好处)”可知，作者在第4段提到了盲目相信系统0导致的问题，以及系统0的优点，即作者的语气是客观的。故选C。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“ToensurethatAIremainsatooltoenhance—ratherthandecrease—ourcognitiveautonomy,clearboundariesmustbeestablished.(为了确保人工智能仍然是增强而不是降低我们认知自主性的工具，必须建立明确的界限)”可知，接下来的段落最有可能讨论严格使用系统0的具体指导方针。故选D。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Asaleadershipconsultantformanyyears,I’vefoundmanyoftheleadersIworkwithreportfeelingfrustrated(沮丧的)astheyfacethecontinuouschangeanduncertaintyinthegrowingchallengesoftheirroles.___36___Throughouttheircareers,leadersareconditionedtocomeupwiththefinal,correctanswer.Giventhathuman'sbrainsarehardwiredtoseeuncertaintyasariskorthreat,it’sphysiologicallynormaltofeelstresswhenfacedwithunfamiliarsituations.Sadly,intheworldofleadershiptraining,weoften