2024年全国教师资格之中学英语学科知识与教学能力考试绝密预测题（详细参考解析）

全国教师资格考试重点试题精编

注意事项：

1.全卷采用机器阅卷，请考生注意书写规范；考试时间为120分钟。

口卜

2.在作答前，考生请将自己的学校、姓名、班级、准考证号涂写在试卷和答

题卡规定位置。

3.部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题部分必须使用黑色签字笔书写，字体

工整,笔迹清荒。

4.请按照题号在答题卡上与题目对应的答题区域内规范作答，超出答题区域

书写的答案无效：在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。

密

封一、选择题

线

1、Whichofthefollowingshowsthegeneralintonationpatterninacomplexsentence?

A.WhenIstartedmy7>careertherewasno7>unemployment

B.WhenIstartedmy7>careertherewasn。'unemployment

C.WhenIstartedmy^icareertherewasno71unemployment

D.WhenIstartedmy、careertherewasno'unemployment

*

2,helpsstudentsfacilitatetheirprocessofaccumulatingvocabulary,broadening

scopeofvision,andincreasingtargetlanguageexposure.

A.Scanning

B.Skimming

C.Extensivereading

0.Intensivereading

3、请阅读Passage完成第小题。

Passage1

Africanelephantshavebeenslaughteredatalarmingrateoverthepastdecade,largelybecause

theyaretheprimarysourceoftheworld'sivory.Theirpopulationhasbeendwindledfrom1.3

millionin1979tojust625,000today,andtherateofkillinghasbeenacceleratinginrecentyears

凶密

封becausemanyoftheolder,biggertuskedanimalshavealreadybeendestroyed,"Thepoachers

线nowmustkilltimesasmanyelephantstogetthesamequantityofivory,"explainedCurtis

Bohlen,SeniorvicepresidentoftheWorldWildlifeFund.

Thoughitsrecordontheenvironmenthasbeenspottysofar,thegovernmentlastweektookthe

leadinamajorconservationissuebyimposingabanonivoryimportsintotheUS.Themove

camejustfourdaysafteraconsortiumofconservationgroups,includingtheWorldWildlifeFund

andWildlifeConservationInternational,calledforthatkindofaction,anditmadetheUSthefirst

nationtoforbidimportsofbothrawandfinishedivory.Theban,saysBohlen,sendsaveryclear

messagetotheivorypoachersthatthegameisover.

InthepastAfricannationshaveresistedanivoryban,butincreasinglytheyrealizedthatthe

decimationoftheelephantherdsposesaseriousthreattotheirtouristbusiness.Lastmonth

恬

nr

TanzaniaandseveralotherAfricancountriescalledforanamendmenttothe102nation

ConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpeciesthatwouldmaketheivorytradeillegal

worldwide.

TheamendmentisexpectedtobeapprovedatanOctobermeetinginGenevaandtogointo

effectnextJanuary.Butbetweennowandthen,conservationistscontend,poachersmaygoona

rampage,killingelephantswholesale,sonationsshouldunilaterallyforbidimportsrightaway.The

USgovernmentbroughtthatargument,andbyweek'sendthetwelvenationsEuropean

Communityhadfollowedwithitsownban.

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

查看材料

A.AfricanElephantsandtheIvoryTrade

B.ABidtoSavetheElephant

C.ThePoachers

D.ElephantsinDanger

4、Whenateacherasksstudentstobrainstormwhattheywillwriteaboutanunforgettable

trip,he/shemainlyfocuseson.

A.ideas

B.layout

C.style

0.feedback

5、Passage2

Americansdon'tliketolosewars.Ofcourse,alotdependsonhowyoudefinejustwhata

waris.Thereareshootingwars—thekindthattestpatriotismardcourage-andthosearethe

kindatwhichtheU.S.excels.ButotherstrugglestestthosequalitiestOO.Whatelsewasthe

GreatDepressionorthespaceraceortheconstructionoftherailroadslfAmericanindulgeinabit

offlag-whenthejobisdone,theyearnedit.

Nowthereisasimilarchallenge-globalwarmini.Thesteadydeteriorationoftheveryclimateof

thisveryplanetisbecomingawarofthefirstorder,andbyanymeasure,theU.S.islosing.

Indeed,ifAmericaisfightingatall,it'sfightingonthewrongside.TheU.S.producesnearly

aquarteroftheworld'sgreenhousegaseseachyearandhasstubbornlymadeitclearthatit

doesnztintendtodoawholelotaboutit.AlthoughI74nationsapprovedtheadmittedlyflawed

Kyotoaccordstoreducecarbonlevels,theU.S.walkedawayfromthem.Therearevague

promisesofmanufacturingfuelfromherbsorpoweringcarswithhydrogen.Butforacountrythat

tightlycitespatriotismasoneofitscorevalues,theU.S.istakingapassonwhatmightbethe

mostpatrioticstruggleofall.It'shardtoimagineabiggerfightthanoneforthesurvivalofa

country*scoastsandfarms,thehealthofitspeopleandstabilityoftseconomy.

Therubis,ifthevastmajorityofpeopleincreasinglyagreethatclimatechangeisa

globalemergency,there'sfarlessagreementonhowtofixit.Industryoffersitsplans,whichtoo

oftenwouldfixlittle.Environmentalistsoffertheirs,whichtoooftenamounttonativewishlists

thatcouldweakenAmerica,sgrowth.Butlet'sassumethatthoseinterestedpartiesandothers

willalwaysbentthetableandwillalwaysdemandthattheirvoicesbeheardandthattheirneeds

beaddressed.Whatwouldanaggressive,ambitious,effectiveplanlooklike-onethatwouldleave

theU.S.bothenvironmentallysafeandeconomicallyso

A.ofutmostimportance

B.afightnoonecanwin

C.beyondpeople'simagination

D.alesssignificantissue

6、Passage1

Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecently

yearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLos

AngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonthiseducationalritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unified

hasproducedaninflexiblepolcywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvanced

courses,homeworkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent,sacademicgrade.

Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomes

mighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.Butthepolicyisunclearandcontradictory.Certainly,

nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotcompleteontheirownorthatthey

cannotdowithoutexpensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivingapasstostudents

whodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetothe

implicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren.

Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapartofschooling;teachersareallowedto

assignasmuchofitastheywant.Butwithhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheir

grades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandseeverylittledifferenceontheirreport

cards.Somestudentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhat

aboutthestudentswhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework?Itisquitepossible

thatthehomeworkhelped.Yetratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfor

theirstudents,thepolicyimposesafiat,across-the-boardrule.

Atthesametime,thepolicyacdressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabouthomework.If

thedistrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents*academicachievement,itshould

movetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments,notmakethemcountforalmost

nothing.Conversely,ifhomeworkmatters,itshouldaccountforasignificantportionofthe

grade.Meanwhile,thispolicydoesnothingtoensurethatthehomeworkstudentsreceiveis

meaningfulorappropriatetotheirageandthesubject,orthatteachersarenotassigningmore

thantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect.

Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresponsiblefor

settingeducationalpolicy,looksintothematterandconductspublichearings.Itisnottoolate

forL.A.Unifiedtodohomeworkright.

ItisimpliedinParagraph1thatnowadayshomework

A.isreceivingmorecriticism

B.isnolongeraneducationalrtual

C.isnotrequiredforadvancedcourses

D.isgainingmorepreferences

7、TheCognitiveApproachholdsthatstudentszmistakesareinthecreativeuseof

language.

A.useful

B.understandable

C.unavoidable

0.reasonable

8、Lucyisgreattoworkwith.Ireallycouldn'tfindapartner.

A.better

B.good

C.worse

D.bad

9、Passage2

InBrazil,thedebateovergeneticallymodifiedorganisms,orGMOs,affectsmostlysoybean

production.Brazilistheworld'ssecondlargestproducerofsoybeansbehindtheUnitedStates

andaheadofArgentina.MostEuropeanandAsianretailerswanttoremainGMfree.

Non-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)inBrazilaregoingonamediaoffensivetopreventthe

legalizationofgeneticallymodifiedcrops.Environmentalistsandconsumergroupsforyearshave

beenabletothwartgovernmentandcompanies'attemptstolegalizealteredfood.Inradio

dramasthatarebeingbroadcastinremoteregions,BrazilianNGOsaretellingsoyfarmerstheuse

ofgeneticallymodifiedseedscouldendangertheirhealth,theirfieldsandtheirbusiness."Weare

notsayingthatgeneticengineeringis,inprinciple,somethingbad;wesaythatweneedmore

sciencetobesurethatitwillworkinanappropriatewaywithnoharminthefuture,"said

campaigncoordinatorJean-MarcvonderWeld."Thisisbothforhealthandenvironmental

reasons.Theotherquestionisoneconomics.WhatwethinkisthatinBrazil,ifweapprovethe

GMOs,wewillloseaspectacularadvantagethatwehavenowWearesellingmoretothe

internationalmarket,mostlyforEuropeandAsia,thanwehavedoneinourhistory,becausewe

arenotGMOcontaminated."

Anotheroppositiongroup,ActionAid,hasbeenorganizinggrass-rootssupportinBrazilian

farmingregionstorouseconsumersentimentagainstlegalization.ActionAidpublicpolicy

directorAdrianoCampolinasaysheisfightingforfarmerstoremainindependent."Whenthe

small-scalefarmerorabigfarmerstartsusingthiskindofseed,thisfarmerwillbecompletely

dependentonthetransnationals,whichcontrolintellectualpropertyfightsovertheseseeds,"he

said.

BrazilianscientistCrodowaldoFavansaidthereshouldbecheckscnwhatmultinationalscando,

butthatdoesn'tmeanGMseedsshouldbebanned.Hesaysfearsovertheirusageareunfounded.

Despitetheofficialban.Dr.PavansaysuptoonethirdofBrazil'ssoycropisgeneticallymodified,

becauseGMseedisbeingsmuggledfromArgentina.Brazil'sgovernmenthasinvestedheavilyina

GMprojectbytheU.S.biotechcompany,Monsanto,buttheprojectwasputonicefollowinga

successfulcourtchallengebyconsumers.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutNGOsinBrazil?

查看材料

A.Theybelievegeneticallymodifiedcropswillharmthefarmers'health

B.Theybelievegeneticengineeringisaltogetherabadpractice

C.TheybelievescientificmethodsshouldbeintroducedtoensureGMbringsnoharm

D.TheybelieveGMOswillharmBrazileconomically

10、请阅读Passage1。完成小题。

Passage1

Themythologyofaculturecanprovidesomevitalinsightsintothebeliefsandvaluesof

that?culture.Byusingfantasticandsometimesincrediblestoriestocreateanoraltraditionby

whichto?explainthewondersofthenaturalworldandteachlessonstoyoungergenerations^

societyexposes?thoseideasandconceptsheldmostimportant.Justasimportantasthefinal

lessontobegathered?fromthestories,however,arethecharactersandtherolestheyplayin

conveyingthatmessage.

Perhapstheepitomeofmythologyanditsuseasatooltopassonculturalvaluescanbefound?in

Aesop'sFables,toldandretoldduringtheeraoftheGreekEmpire.Aesop,aslavewhowon

the?favorofthecourtthroughhisimaginativeanddescriptivetales,almostexclusivelyused

animalsto?filltherolesinhisshortstories.Humans,whenatallpresent,almostalwaysplayedthe

partof?bumblingfoolsstrugglingtolearnthelessonbeingpresented.Thischoiceof

characterizationallows?ustoseethattheGreeksplacedwisdomonalevelslightlybeyond

humans,implyingthatdeep?wisdomandunderstandingisauniversalqualitysoughtby,rather

thanstealingfrom,humanbeings.

Aesop'sfablesillustratedthecentralthemesofhumilityandself-reliance,reflecting

the?importanceofthosetraitsnearlyGreeksociety.Thefollyofhumanswasusedtocontrast

against?theultimategoalofattainingahigherlevelofunderstandingandawarenessoftruths

aboutnature?andhumanity.Forexample,onenotablefablefeaturesafoxrepeatedlytryingto

reachabunchof?grapesonaveryhighvine.Afterfailingatseveralattempts,thefoxgives

up,makingupitsmind?thatthegrapeswereprobablysouranyway.Thefable'slesson,thatwe

oftenplaydownthatwhich?wecan'tachievesoastomakeourselvesfeelbetter,teachesthe

readerorlistenerinanentertaining?wayaboutoneoftheweaknessesofthehumanpsyche.

Themythologyofotherculturesandsocietiesrevealtheunderlyingtraitsoftheir

respective?culturesjustasAesop/sfablesdid.ThestoriesofRomangods,Aztecghostsand

EuropeanelvesalRservedtotrainancientgenerationsthoselessonsconsideredmostimportant

totheircommunity,and?todaytheyofferapowerfullookingglassbywhichtoevaluateand

considerthecontextual?environmentinwhichthosecultureexisted.

Thewaythatfableswereusedinthepastismostsimilartotoday's.

A.fairytalesthatentertainchildrenathome

B.storiesinchildren'sschooltextbooksthatreinforcethelesson

C.sciencedocumentariesthatexplainhownatureworks

D.moviesthatdepictanimalsashavinghumancharacteristics

11、Passage2

Americanstodaydon'tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathletes,

entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildren

togetapracticaleducation-no:topursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsof

pervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren'tdifficulttofred.

"Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual/'says

educationwriterDianeRavitch/'Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance."Ravitch'slatestbook,Left

Back:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools.

concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistastefor

intellectualpursuits.

Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleaves

themvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheir

ideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.

Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,"Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.We

willhavealesscivilsociety."

"Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,"writeshistorianandprofessor

RichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanLife,aPulitzer-Prizewinningbookonthe

rootsofanti-intellectualisminuspolitics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofour

history,saysHofstadter;ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthat

smellsofelitism.

Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalities

thananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorous

booklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:"Weareshutupinschoolsand

collegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddo

notkn

A.identical

B.similar

C.complementary

0.opposite

12、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAudio-lingualMethodiswrong?

A.Themethodinvolvesgivingthelearnerstimuliintheformofprompts

B.Themethodinvolvespraisingthecorrectresponseorpublishingincorrectresponseuntilthe

rightoneisgiven

C.Mothertongueisacceptedintheclassroomjustasthetargetlanguage

D.Emphasisislaiduponusingorallanguageintheclassroom;somereadingandwritingmight

bedoneashomework

13、Therearetwokindsofmotiveforengaginginanyactivity:internalandinstrumental.Ifa

scientistconductsresearchbecauseshewantstodiscoverimportantfactsabouttheworld,that's

aninternalmotive,sincediscoveringfactsisinherentlyrelatedtotheactivityofresearch.Ifshe

conductsresearchbecauseshewantstoachievescholarlyrenown,that'saninstrumentalmotive,

sincetherelationbetweenfameandresearchisnotsoinherentOften,peoplehavebothfor

doingthings.Whatmixofmotives-internalorinstrumentalorboth-ismostconduciveto

success?Youmightsupposethatascientistmotivatedbyadesiretodiscoverfactsandbya

desiretoachieverenownwilldobetterworkthanascientistmotivatedbyjustoneofthose

desires.Surelytwomotivesarebetterthanone.Butasweandourcolleaguesargueinapaper

newlypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,instrumentalmotives

arenotalwaysanassetandcanactuallybecounterproductive:osuccess.Weanalyzeddata

drawnfrom11320cadetsinnineenteringclassesattheUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademyatWest

Point,allofwhomratedhowmucheachofasetofmotivesinfluencedtheirdecisiontoattend

theacademy.Themotivesincludedthingslikeadesiretogetagoodjoblaterinlifeandadesire

tobetrainedasaleaderintheUnitedStatesArmy

Howdidthecadetsfareyearslater?Howdidtheirprogressrelatetotheiroriginalmotivesfor

attendingWestPoint?Wefound,unsurprisingly,thatthestrongertheirinternalreasonswereto

attendWestPoint,themorelikelycadetsweretograduateandbecomecommissionedofficers.

Alsounsurprisingly,cadetswithinternalmotivesdidbetterinthemilitary(asevidencedbyearly

promotionrecommendations)thandidthosewithoutinternalmotivesandwerealsomorelikely

tostayinthemilitaryafterthei-fiveyearsofmandatoryservice.Remarkably,cadetswithstrong

internalandstronginstrumentalmotivesforattendingWestPointperformedworseonevery

measurethandidthosewithstronginternalmotivesbutweakinst-umentalones.Theywereless

likelytograduate,lessoutstandingasmilitaryofficersandlesscommittedtostayinginthe

military.Ourstudysuggeststhateffortsshouldbemadetostructureactivitiessothat

instrumentalconsequencesdonotbecomemotives.Helpingpeoplefocusonthemeaningand

impactoftheirwork,ratherthanon,say,thefinancialreturnsitwillbring,maybethebestway

toimprovenotonlythequalityoftheirworkbutalsotheirfinancialsuccess.Thereisa

temptationamongeducatorsandinstructorstousewhatevermotivationaltoolsareavailableto

recruitparticipantsorimproveperformance.Ifthedesireformilitaryexcellenceandserviceto

countryfailstoattractalltherecruitsthattheArmyneeds,thenperhapsappealsto“moneyfor

collegecareertraining"or"seeingtheworlcTwilldothejob.Whilethisstrategymayluremore

recruits,itmayalsoyieldworsesoldiers.Similarly,forstudentsuninterestedinlearning,financial

incentivesforgoodattendanceorpizzapartiesforhighperformancemaypromptthemto

participate,butitmayresultinlesswell-educatedstudents.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisaninternalmotiveforanewlyrecruited

soldier?

A.Toservethecountry

B.Toreceivecareertraining

C.Toearnmoneyforcollege

D.Tobroadentheirscopeofvision

14、Thefunctionofthesentence—Waterboilsat100degreesCentigradeis.

A.interrogative

B.directive

C.informative

0.performative

15、Whichofthefollowingassumptionsaboutvocabularylearningcontradictsthemodern

languageteachingtheories?

A.Thebestwaytolearnwordsistousethem

B.Thebestwaytolearnvocabularyisviarote-learning

C.AnEnglishdictionaryisanimportantaidtostudents

0.Learningawordinvolveslearningmorethanjusttheworditself

16、Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,

fortunately,thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofovergrown

andunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthat

moredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsown

way.

First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmay

betogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallside

brancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondly,pruningmaybe

donetomakethetreehealther.Youmaycutdiseasedordeadwood,orbranchesthatare

rubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausewounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedby

removingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.

OneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisIe代onthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfor

disease,butitisawoundthatwillheal.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthe

diseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,sothatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.It

shouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducewhichhasbeenprunedsmoothandclean,for

healingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhurts

andthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyfor

thispurpose.Pruningisusuallywithoutinterferencefromtheleavesandalsoitisveryunlikely

thatthecutsyoumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthem

properly.

Treesbecomeunhealthyifthegardener.

A.allowstoomanybranchestogrowinthemiddle

B.doesnotprotectthemfromwind

C.forcesthemtogrowtooquickly

0.damagessomeofthesmallsidebranches

17AsAlicebelievedhimtobeamanofintegrity,sherefusedtoconsiderthepossibilitythathis

statementwas____.

A.irrelevant

B.facetious

C.fictitious

D.illogical

18、Butnotallpretendeddeedshavetofallshortoftheirnormalfunctioninorder

totheircommunicationpurpose.

A.serve

B.succeed

C.complete

0.accomplish

19、Thehighpricesforcorn-whiledrivinghungerinAfrica--haveencouragedotherfarmers

tolandfromwheat,soybeans,orevenpasturetocornproduction.

A.turnover

B.turnon

C.turnup

D.turnaround

20Asateacher,weshouldtrytoittoourstudentshowhelpfulacorrect

learningmethodis.

A.get,about

B.get;away

C.get;across

D.get;off

21、Therearefivecomponentsofcommunicativecompetence.Whichofthemreferstoone's

abilitytocreatecoherentwrittentextorconversationandtheabilitytounderstandthem?

A.linguisticcompetence

B.pragmaticcompetence

C.discoursecompetence

0.strategiccompetence

22、请阅读PassaqeI,完成第小题。

Passage1

AmongthethrongsofAmericansprowlingthemallsandtrawlinge-commercesites,manyare

lookingoutforthemselves.Retail-researchfirmNPDGroupsaid,thusfar,aboutonethirdof

consumershaveengagedinwhatiscalledself-gifting.That'supfrom12percentinatypical

pre-recessionyear,andupfromthe19percentwhosaidtheyplannedtodosolastyear.The

NationalRetailFederation,thedispenserofallholiday-relateddata,saidin2012,nearly60

percentofshopperswoulddoso.

Thelateststepintheevolutionofourburgeoningcultureofnarcissism?Yes.Self-giftingmakes

psychologicalandeconomicsensegivenwhatAmericanshaveenduredtheseyears.

THEPOST-BUST(破产)erahasbeenalong,hard,heroicslogofbalance-sheetimprovement.

Americanshavelaboredtosavemoneyandhackawayatthehugemountainofdebtthey

accumulatedduringthecreditboom.AccordingtotheNewYorkFederalReserve,consumers

haveknockeddowntheiraggregatedebtloadfrom$12.67trillioninthethirdquarterof2008to

$11.31trillioninthethirdquarterof2012;credit-carddebtisoff$192billionfromthepeak.

Americanshavecuttheirloadb/spendingmorecarefullyandengaginginthatmostun-American

oftraits:

self-abnegation.

Afterlivingfrugallyforsomuchoftheyearandforsomanyyearswhocanblameaparentatan

AppleStoreforbuyingherselfanewiPad?Indeed,self-giftingmayactuallybeafunctionofthe

newabstemiousness.Let'ssayyou'vebeenholdingoffonreplacingyouroldtelevision.Whynot

buyitaroundNovemberorDecemberwheninsanepromotionsandfreeshippingareavailable?

Besides,it'snotlikeself-giftersaresolelyinterestedinself-pleasura.AnNRFsurveysaidthatthe

typicalself-gifterwouldspendabout$140onhimselfthisyear.Forcomparison'ssake,thesurvey

saidthetypicalshopperwouldspentabout$750inall.

Afteralongperiodofeconomicmadness(rememberthehousingbubbleandthedotcom

mess),self-giftingisasignofmuch-neededeconomicrationality.Shoppingforothersinvolvesa

certainamountofwrongguessworkwithnegativefinancialconsecuence.Thisyear,forexample,

CEBTowerGroupclaimsthatAmericanswillload$110billionontogiftcardsandgivethemas

presents.

Butthemarket-researchfirmsaysthatabout1.6percentofthattotal,about$1.7billion,willgo

unused.Meanwhile,alargepercentageofgiftswindupgettingreturned.AdultssurveyedbyBIG

insightinNovember2012foundthat35percentofpeoplereportedreturningatleastsomeof

theirgifts.Returnsinduceguiltandraisethespecterofuncomfortableconversationsaboutwhat

happenedtothatgiantstripedsweater.Butmoresignificant,returnsarebadforthe

environment.

Theyleadtomoretripstothemall,highershippingcosts,andtheunnecessaryuseofpackaging

materials.

Thesedays,theriseofe-commercemeansshoppingisnowantiseptic:sitandclick.Withthe

charmgone,wehavetocomeupwithotherwaystomaketheexperiencepleasurable.

Asthesonggoes,"HaveyourselfamerrylittleChristmas".

WhatdidtheauthorintendtoillustratebycitingacomparisonfromanNRFsurveyonthe

expensesofatypicalself-gifterandthoseofatypicalshopper?

查看材料

A.Self-gifterswereonlyinterestedinself-pleasure

B.S