2025届人教版(2019)高考英语一轮话题复习高考题型通关练：话题23　对社会有突出贡献的人(教师版)

话题23对社会有突出贡献的人

Ⅰ.阅读理解

TodayChinaistheworld’sbiggestconsumerofwheat.Butitwasn’talwaysthat

way.

WheatonlycametotheareanowknownasnorthernChinatowardtheendofthe

Neolithic(新石器)period，some4，600yearsago.Initially，wheatdidn’tseemtobeso

deliciousandhadbeentreatedasacropofdesperationratherthanacooking

delight.ThefirstfarmersofnorthernChinaprimarilygrewmillet(粟)，startingasearly

as11，500yearsago.BythetimeoftheTangDynasty，wheathadreplacedmillet，

becomingamajorcrop.Butrelativelylittlewasknownaboutexactlywhythisshift

occurred.

Inanattempttotracktheanswer，Iaccumulatedacollectionofnearly1，200data

pointscoveringmorethan50sitesfromthemid－Neolithic，about9，000yearsago，

tothecollapseoftheEasternHanDynastyin220AD.Thesiteswereacross8modern

provinces，rangingfromGansuProvinceinthenorthwesttoShandongProvinceinthe

east.

Onepossibleexplanationisamajorclimateshift，calledtheHoloceneEvent3，

whichhappened4，000to4，500yearsago.Atthattime，theclimatebecamecolderand

drieracrosscontinents，causingdamagetocropproduction.

Ontopofthis，thelateNeolithicperiodwasalsoatimeofrapidpopulation

growtharoundtheworld.Withanever－increasingpopulationandunsteadycrop

production，itisreasonabletoassumethatNeolithicfarmersinnorthernChinawere

struggling.

Wheat，itturnsout，actuallyneedsmorewaterthanmillet，makingitseemapoor

choiceforadryperiodofhistory.Butimportantly，itcanbesowedaftermillethasbeen

harvested.That，wethink，isthemostlikelyreasonwhythepeopleacrossnorthern

Chinastartedtogrowwheat.

Frommoreextremeweathertochangingcoastlines，climatechangehasalways

broughtunexpectedandsometimesdramaticchangestosocieties.Inthisinstance，the

consequenceoftheHoloceneEvent3innorthernChinaproved，eventually，delicious.

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要说明了小麦开始作为农作物的历史以及

小麦成为主要农作物这种转变的原因。

1.Whatcanwelearnaboutwheatfromthesecondparagraph?

A.Itreplacedmilletforitsgreattaste.

B.Itwasapoorchoiceatthebeginning.

C.Itoutnumberedmillet4，600yearsago.

D.ItwastheearliestcropgrowninChina.

答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Initially，wheatdidn’tseemtobeso

deliciousandhadbeentreatedasacropofdesperationratherthanacookingdelight.”

可知，小麦一开始是一个糟糕的选择。]

2.WhatdothefiguresinParagraph3show?

A.Theauthorfoundtheexactanswer.

B.Theauthordidworldwideresearch.

C.Theauthortooktheresearchseriously.

D.Theauthorwasgoodatcollectingdata.

答案C[推理判断题。根据第三段可知，第三段中的数字说明了作者认真对待

这项研究。]

3.WhatwasprobablythemainreasonfornorthernersinChinatogrowwheat?

A.Thewatersupplywasenoughthen.

B.Theharvestofmilletwasnotsatisfying.

C.Itadjustedtotheweatherconditionsbetter.

D.Ithadanalternativesowingseasonwithmillet.

答案D[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Butimportantly，itcanbesowed

after...acrossnorthernChinastartedtogrowwheat.”可知，中国北方人种植小麦的主

要原因是它有一个可选择的播种季节。]

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowwasmilletintroducedtoChina?

B.WhydidChinesefarmersswitchtowheat?

C.WhydidChinabecomethebiggestwheatconsumer?

D.HowwasChina’swheatgrowthaffectedbyclimatechange?

答案B[标题归纳题。根据第一段“TodayChinaistheworld’sbiggestconsumer

ofwheat.Butitwasn’talwaysthatway.”以及第二段中的“Butrelativelylittlewas

knownaboutexactlywhythisshiftoccurred.”可知，文章介绍了小麦开始作为农作物

的历史以及小麦成为主要农作物这种转变的原因。故B选项“为什么中国农民转

向种植小麦？”最符合文章标题。]

HereinthemiddleofLondon，somethingextraordinaryisgoingon.Youcanhear

aloudandunmistakablesoundofbeesdoingwhattheydobest：makinghoney.

What’smore，they’reperformingtheirmagic，notintheleafyacresofnearbypark，

butuponthebalconyofStErmin’sHotel.Whereasmosturbanresidenceswoulddo

theirbesttokeepsting－bearinginsectsasfarawayfromguestsaspossible，thishotel

opensitsdoorstothecapital’sbees.Thepersonwhotendsthis“BeeHotel”isCamilla

Goddard.“Inthelongrun，beesareamazingcreaturestoworkwith.Youcan’thelp

admiringthewaytheyoperate.Theyreallydoputthegoodofthecommunityfirst，”

shesays.

Aswellasprovidinganenjoyablepastime，modernbeekeepingisbecoming

increasinglycritical.AccordingtotheBritishBeekeepersAssociation(BBKA)，70

differentUKcropsdependonbeesforpollination(授粉).Withoutbeestoprovide

pollination，one－thirdofallourfoodwouldn’tsurvive.DuringtheSecondWorldWar，

WinstonChurchillwasafirmsupporterofbeesandmadesuretheygotextrasupplies

tocarryonwiththeirpollinationwork，evenastheGermanarmydroppedtheirbombs.

“Beesareindangerofdisappearingfromourenvironment，”warnsTimLovett

oftheBBKA.Today，beenumbersaredownby50percent.Usingmoreandmoreland，

agriculturalindustryreducesspotswherebeescanlive.Crop－protectingpesticides

havealsoledtohighdeathrateofbees.AnotherblowwasanAsianspeciesthatfirst

arrivedinDevonandthenspreadacrossthecountry.Itsettledonthebeesandnotonly

weakenedtheirimmunesystembutcausedtheirwingstodeform(变畸形)sothat

flyingbecameimpossible.

Anxiousaboutthedeclineofbeekeeping，theBBKAhasproducedaschool

informationpackentitled“BeesintheCurriculum”.Oncethechildrenhavebeen

aroundbeesforawhile，theyunderstandtheservicethatbeesprovideforus，rather

thanseeingthemasthesourceofstings.

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章通过伦敦一家养蜜蜂的酒店，指出蜜蜂授粉

的重要性，以及现在栖息地的破坏和蜜蜂数量减少的问题，旨在呼吁保护蜜蜂。

5.WhatdoweknowaboutCamillaGoddard?

A.Shehasnevergotbeestingsherself.

B.Shetriestomakeherguestsbee－free.

C.Sheadmiresthewayinwhichbeeslive.

D.SheownsabeehotelinaLondonsuburb.

答案C[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Inthelongrun，beesareamazing

creatures...putthegoodofthecommunityfirst”可知，CamillaGoddard很钦佩蜜蜂

生活的方式。]

6.WhyisWinstonChurchillmentionedinparagraph3?

A.Tocriticizethecrueltyofwar.

B.Tochangetheroleofbeesinthewar.

C.Tohighlightthevalueofbeepollination.

D.Toawakentheconsciousnessofsavingcrops.

答案C[写作意图题。根据第三段最后一句“DuringtheSecondWorldWar...even

astheGermanarmydroppedtheirbombs.”可以看出，丘吉尔很看重蜜蜂授粉，是因

为蜜蜂授粉价值重大，因此这强调了蜜蜂授粉的价值。]

7.Whichisadirectcauseofthereductionofbeehabitats?

A.Modernagriculture.B.Foreignspeciesinvasion.

C.Huntingfromhumans.D.Crop－protectingpesticides.

答案A[细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，蜜蜂栖息地减少的直接原

因是现代农业的发展。]

8.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Thenumberofbeesisdecreasingsharply

B.Modernbeekeepingisensuringourfuture

C.BeeHotelischangingbees’fateintheUK

D.Childrenareeducatedaboutthevalueofbees

答案C[标题归纳题。第一段描述的场景是BeeHotel里蜜蜂的活动，本文通

过这个场景，介绍了蜂蜜的重要性，以及该酒店的行为改变了人们对蜜蜂的看法，

不再仅仅是蜇人的源头，因此，BeeHotelischangingbees’fateintheUK符合题

意。]

Ⅱ.完形填空

ItwasjustthreedaysfromThanksgiving，andmyhusband，Gerald，andIwereon

ourfirsttouracrosstheCanadianprairies.1，Iknewwewouldbeawayfor

Thanksgiving，buttherealityofitdidn’treally2onmebeforewehitthe

road.Now，wehadtospendThanksgivingwithstrangers.

We3infrontofasmall，lakesidehouse，mildly4.Woulditbeokayto

disturbothersonthisprivatecelebration？Aswe5intoBettyandGary’shome，

wewereimmediatelymetwith6.Thewoodstovetookeverybitofchilloutof

theair，andthesmelloffood7uslikeasoftblanket.Wegatheredaroundthe

table.Ouranxiety8awayasweweredrawnintothiscircleoffriendship.We

toldstories，sharedlaughs，andasthedaycalledusto，gave9.

WethoughtweweregoingtospendThanksgivingwithstrangers，butwereally

didn’t.Something10happenswhengoodfoodis11sharedaroundanopen

table.Conversationsbegin.12startstoflow.Divisionsdisappear.Relationshipsare

13.Throughthesimpleactofsharingamealtogether，wediscoverwe’re14

byourdesiretolove，ourneedfor15，andourcommonhumanity.Whataperfect

waytocelebrateThanksgiving!

【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了在感恩节前三天，作者和丈夫穿

越加拿大草原，受到了陌生人的热情款待。作者从中感悟到：通过一起吃饭这个

简单的行为，我们对爱的渴望，我们对理解的需要，以及我们共同的人性将我们

联系在一起。

1.A.BasicallyB.Generally

C.HonestlyD.Secretly

答案C[A.Basically基本上；B.Generally通常；C.Honestly老实说；D.Secretly

秘密地。由下文“IknewwewouldbeawayforThanksgiving，buttherealityofit

didn’treallyonmebeforewehittheroad.”可知，作者承认自己知道不

在家过感恩节，但是在出发前没有意识到这个问题会是什么样，即此处指老实说。]

2.A.dawnB.call

C.reflectD.strike

答案A[A.dawn变得明朗，开始清楚；B.call打电话；C.reflect深思；D.strike

打击。由下文“onmebeforewehittheroad”可知，此处指作者没有意识到这个事实

——即将要和陌生人过感恩节，dawnonsb固定搭配，意为“某人逐渐明白；逐

渐意识到”。]

3.A.droppedbyB.headedoff

C.pulledupD.setout

答案C[A.droppedby顺便拜访；B.headedoff阻止；C.pulledup停车；D.setout

出发。由上文“myhusband，Gerald，andIwereonourfirsttouracrosstheCanadian

prairies”和下文“intoBettyandGary’shome”可推知，作者和丈夫应该是开车

去的。由此可知，此处指将车停在一座湖边的小房子前，然后走进一家陌生的房

子。]

4.A.anxiousB.annoyed

C.gratefulD.scared

答案A[A.anxious焦虑的；B.annoyed生气的；C.grateful感恩的；D.scared害

怕的。由下文“Woulditbeokaytodisturbothersonthisprivatecelebration？”和下

文“Ouranxiety”可知，作者和丈夫感觉会打扰到别人，所以有些焦虑。]

5.A.brokeB.ran

C.steppedD.wandered

答案C[A.broke打破；B.ran跑步；C.stepped迈步；D.wandered漫游。由下文

“intoBettyandGary’shome，wewereimmediatelymet”可知，作者和丈夫迈步进

入贝蒂和加里的家。]

6.A.friendsB.care

C.foodD.warmth

答案D[A.friends朋友；B.care关心；C.food食物；D.warmth热情。由下文“We

gatheredaroundthetable”和“Wetoldstories，sharedlaughs，andasthedaycalledus

to”可知，作者和丈夫受到了热情款待。]

7.A.comfortedB.enveloped

C.floodedD.welcomed

答案B[A.comforted安慰；B.enveloped覆盖；C.flooded淹没；D.welcomed欢

迎。由下文“likeasoftblanket”可知，此处指像毯子一样覆盖在身上。]

8.A.meltedB.passed

C.ranD.threw

答案A[A.melted消失；B.passed通过；C.ran跑步；D.threw扔。由下文“aswe

weredrawnintothiscircleoffriendship”可知，作者和丈夫融进这个友谊的圈子，所

以感觉焦虑都消失了，meltaway是固定搭配，意为“消失”。]

9.A.giftsB.hugs

C.moneyD.thanks

答案D[A.gifts礼物；B.hugs拥抱；C.money钱；D.thanks感谢。根据上文可

知，作者和丈夫受到贝蒂和加里夫妇的热情款待，所以对他们表示感谢。]

10.A.mixedB.special

C.relaxingD.typical

答案B[A.mixed混合的；B.special特别的；C.relaxing令人放松的；D.typical

典型的。由下文“Divisionsdisappear.Relationshipsare.”并结合上文提

到的作者和陌生一家在一起过感恩节，刚开始感到焦虑，随后和陌生一家关系很

好可知，作者认为这是很特别的事。]

11.A.generouslyB.patiently

C.casuallyD.cautiously

答案A[A.generously慷慨地；B.patiently耐心地；C.casually随意地；D.cautiously

谨慎地。由下文“sharedaroundanopentable”和上文提到贝蒂和加里夫妇热情款待

作者和丈夫可知，此处指好吃的食物在餐桌上慷慨地被分享。]

12.A.BeliefB.Laughter

C.MusicD.Noise

答案B[A.Belief信念；B.Laughter笑声；C.Music音乐；D.Noise噪声。由上

文“sharedlaughs”可知，此处指笑声开始流淌。]

13.A.bornB.exposed

C.fixedD.split

答案A[A.born产生；B.exposed暴露；C.fixed固定；D.split分裂。由上文

“Divisionsdisappear.”可知，分歧消失，所以感情产生。]

14.A.attachedB.encouraged

C.connectedD.touched

答案C[A.attached系；B.encouraged鼓励；C.connected连接；D.touched触摸。

由下文“byourdesiretolove”和上文提到作者和丈夫在陌生人家中愉快地度过感

恩节可知，此处指我们对爱的渴望将我们联系在一起。]

15.A.courageB.sympathy

C.freedomD.understanding

答案D[A.courage勇气；B.sympathy同情；C.freedom自由；D.understanding

理解。由上文“Divisionsdisappear.”和上文提到的作者和丈夫受到陌生人的热情款

待可知，对爱的渴望，对理解的需要，以及共同的人性将作者和丈夫与贝蒂和加

里夫妇联系在一起。]

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2024·河北省沧州市高三一模)

Withitslandscapeofplateaus(高原)boundbymountains，ShanxiProvincein

NorthChinaisregardedasbeingassociatedwithfieldsofwheatandiconicwheat

products.Daoxiaonoodlesisoneofthemostpopular1.(dish)

there.Thisdish2.(date)backtoChina’sYuanDynasty(1271—1368)，

sothistypeofwell－receivednoodleshasalonghistory.

3.(make)Daoxiaonoodles，holdthedough(面团)withonehand，

andontheotherhand，usingasharpknifethat’s4.(specific)made，slicethe

noodlesintoapotofboilingwater.According5.thelocals，someofthe

mostskilledchefscansliceupto200piecesofnoodlesaminute.Atrestaurants，

customersoftenwatchinamazementas6.(talent)chefsperforma

dancewhilemakinglamian，whichmeanspullednoodles.Thechefs