2025届人教版(2019)高考英语一轮话题复习高考题型通关练：话题25　科技发展与信息技术创新信息安全(教师版)

主题群四科学与技术

话题25科技发展与信息技术创新，信息安全

Ⅰ.阅读理解

TheBigThinkersSeriesfromNewScientisteventsfeaturesfouronlinetalks，

coveringawiderangeoftopicsbyworld－classscientistspeakersandexperts.Ifyou

arecuriousaboutyourplanetoryouruniverse，thenthisseriesisyourplacetohearthe

latestresearch.

Save￡20offthestandardticketpricebypurchasingaseriestickettoallfour

talksintheBigThinkersSeries(availableondemand)orpurchasesingleticketsfor

just￡13perlecture(availablebyearlybooking).

Reality＋：FromtheMatrixtotheMetaversewithDavidChalmers

Inthistalk，philosopherDavidChalmersarguesthatMetaverse－stylevirtual

worldsexperiencedthroughheadsetsarealsogenuineandmeaningfulrealitiesandwe

canliveameaningfullifeinVR.

WhatWedon’tKnowAboutGravitywithClaudiadeRham

Weareallfamiliarwiththeconceptofgravity.Inthistalk，ProfessorClaudiade

Rhamwillexplorehowmuchweactuallyknowaboutgravityandhowmuchmore

thereislefttouncover.

ABriefHistoryofTimekeepingwithChadOrzel

FromStonehengetoatomicclocks，hereisthe5，000－yearhistoryofhow

scienceisusedtomarktime.ChadOrzel，theinternationallybestsellingauthorofHow

toTeachQuantumPhysicstoYourDog，offersusawittyjourneythroughscientific

theoryandquirky(离奇的)historicaldetail.

PhysicsattheEndoftheUniversewithKatieMack

TheBigBangtheorytellsthestoryofthebeginningoftheuniverseforthelast

13.8billionyears.Buthowdoesthestoryend?JoinastronomerKatieMackasshe

shareswhatmodernastrophysics(天体物理学)tellsusaboutthefinalfateofthe

universe.

【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章是一则广告，介绍《新科学家》举办的大思

想家系列活动的四场在线讲座。

1.Howmuchdoesaseriesticketcost?

A.￡13.B.￡20.

C.￡30.D.￡32.

答案D[数字计算题。根据第二段“Save￡20offthestandardticketpriceby

purchasingaseriestickettoallfourtalks...orpurchasesingleticketsforjust￡13per

lecture”可知，单场的票价是13英镑，购买一个系列可以节约20英镑，因此买

一个系列的票价为：4×13－20＝32(英镑)。]

2.WhatwillChadOrzellecturein?

A.Thegenuinereality.

B.Thesecretsofgravity.

C.Thehistoryoftimemarking.

D.Thefinalfateoftheuniverse.

答案C[细节理解题。根据ABriefHistoryofTimekeepingwithChadOrzel部分

的“FromStonehengetoatomicclocks，hereisthe5，000－yearhistoryofhow

scienceisusedtomarktime...throughscientifictheoryandquirkyhistoricaldetail.”

可知，ChadOrzel的讲座是关于时间标记的历史。]

3.Whatdothefourtalkshaveincommon?

A.Theyareallaimedatsciencelovers.

B.Theyareallconcernedwithgravity.

C.Theywillallbegivenbybestsellingauthors.

D.Theywillallbegivenbyexcellentphysicians.

答案A[细节理解题。根据第一段的“Ifyouarecuriousaboutyourplanetor

youruniverse，thenthisseriesisyourplacetohearthelatestresearch.”可知，这四个

讲座的共同之处是它们都是针对科学爱好者的。]

(2024·湖北沙市中学模拟预测)

Mostofusspendourlivessurroundedbyscreens，whichofferusconvenienceas

wellasconnectionandanoceanofinformation.Butsinceit’seasytofeelpressuredto

keepupwitheverynotification，technologymayfeelmorelikeaburdenthana

blessing.Thus，theideaof“digitaldetox”isbecomingincreasinglyinviting.

Thephrase“digitaldetox”describesgettingridofTV，phones，computersand

otherformsoftechnologythatcontrolourlivesforaperiodoftime.Someexperts

advocatecompletelyavoidingunnecessaryscreentimefor30years.Otherssuggest

usinganappthatwilllimittheamountoftimeonecanspendoncertainwebsites.A

thirdoptionisloggingoutineveningsoronweekends.Otherssimplyturntheirphones

offatscheduledtimes.Someevenpayhighpricestotakevacationsinplaceswhere

theycanunplugfromtheirdigitalroutine.

Whymightyouwanttotakeadigitaldetox?Perhapsyoufindthatyouare

spendinglongerthanyouintendoncertainappsorthattheydistractyoufrommore

importantthings.Perhapssocialmediaisdepressingbecauseyoucompareyourselfto

othersoryoufearmissingoutonthingsthatotherpeopleareenjoying.Constant

negativenewscanalsogiverisetoalotofstress.

Technologycanalsohavephysicaleffects.Manypeopleexperiencebackorneck

painasaresultofbendingoverscreens.Thebluelightcomingfrommostscreenscan

alsoaffectpeople’ssleepbypreventingproductionofmelatonin(褪黑激素).

Givingupallscreensmaynotberealistic，butstrategicbreaksfromtechnology

maybegoodforyourbody，mind，emotionsandrelationships.Itishightimethatyou

pickedatimetoturnoffyourdevicesandfocusonreallyimportantthings.

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了“数字脱瘾”，以及数字产品给

我们带来的影响。

4.Whydoestheauthorsay“technologymayfeelmorelikeaburdenthanablessing”in

paragraph1?

A.Toconfirmaconcept.B.Topresentaproblem.

C.Toexplainarule.D.Tomakeaprediction.

答案B[写作意图题。根据第一段中“Mostofusspendourlivessurroundedby

screens...tokeepupwitheverynotification”可知，科技带来了便利，但人们也会容

易感到有压力，所以作者说“技术可能更像是一种负担，而不是一种祝福”是为

了呈现问题，引出话题“数字脱瘾”。]

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unplug”inparagraph2mean?

A.Recover.B.Benefit.

C.Escape.D.Suffer.

答案C[词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Thephrase‘digitaldetox’describes

gettingridofTV...controlourlivesforaperiodoftime.”可知，“数字脱瘾”是指摆

脱电视、电话等数字生活，所以此处unplugfromtheirdigitalroutine是指摆脱数字

生活，unplug是“摆脱，脱离”的意思。]

6.Whichcouldbethereasonforonetostart“digitaldetox”？

A.Appsselectiondifficulty.

B.Fearofmissingimportantthings.

C.Exposuretofalsenews.

D.Pressurefromsocialcomparison.

答案D[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Perhapssocialmediaisdepressing...that

otherpeopleareenjoying.”可知，一个人可能开始“数字脱瘾”的原因是把自己和

别人比较，也就是来自社会比较的压力。]

7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Torecommendhealthylifestyles.

B.Tocallforreducingtheuseofdigitaldevices.

C.Togiveinstructionsonstartingdigitaldetox.

D.Topresentdifferentattitudestodigitalproducts.

答案B[写作意图题。根据最后一段中“Givingupallscreensmaynotbe

realistic...toturnoffyourdevicesandfocusonreallyimportantthings.”可知，作者认

为是关掉你的设备专注于重要的事情的时候了，可以推测出文章的目的是呼吁减

少使用数码设备。]

Ⅱ.完形填空

Itwasjustatypicalmorningofanordinaryworkday.Iwasatthe1，onmywayto

thelabwhereIwasapostdoctoralfellow.Butsomethingbeganto2insideme

asIwatchedthepeoplearoundme—headphoneshangingfromtheirears，3cast

down，unsmilingfaces.Theylookedunhappy.AndIrealizedthatIwasoneof

them.Suddenly，Icouldnolonger4withmyworklifeandbookedaone－way

tickettoflyhome.

Overtheyears，Ihadgrownmore5duetothepressureoffinishingmy

Ph.D.ThosewhocouldhavebeenpartnersbecamecompetitorsIdislikedandtheeffect

ofthiscompetitionwasexactlythe6ofwhatIhadhopedfor.Ibegantofeel

lonelyand7.Ibecamelessandlessproductiveinmyscientificwork.I8

mybreakingpointthatdayatthebusstop.Ihadtoendthis.Iemailedmyprofessors，

explainingthatIhadputthe9firstandmyselfsecondfortoolong.

ShortlyafterIgotbackhome，Istartedtoreceivesomeemailsfrommyworkmates—I

guessedtheyexpectedmetojointhemagainsoon.Afterafew10askinghowI

was，intheemailsmanyexpressedtheirstressofacademiclife.Vulnerableresearchers

were11theirheadsoutoftheirshells(壳)，seekinghelp.Itoccurredtomethat

weall12sometimes，andourvulnerability(脆弱)seemedsomuchalikethatI

13myselffromallthathadbotheredmefordays.Actuallyitcanbea14

game，insteadofonewhereonesidegainswhiletheothersideloses.Workingwith

othersandaskingforhelpdoesn’tmakemycontributions15：itmeanswecanall

succeed.

【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在等公交车去实验室的时候，

发现周围的人行色匆匆，并不快乐，意识到自己太长时间把自己的职业放在了第

一位，而忽视了自身的快乐。作者认为：与他人合作并寻求帮助并不会让自己的

贡献变得不重要；这意味着我们都可以成功。

1.A.cafeshopB.bookstore

C.supermarketD.busstop

答案D[A.cafeshop咖啡店；B.bookstore书店；C.supermarket超市；D.busstop

公交车站。根据下文“onmywaytothelab”可知，作者要去实验室，在公交站等公

交车。]

2.A.awakenB.tackle

C.settleD.disappear

答案A[A.awaken觉醒；B.tackle处理；解决；C.settle安排；D.disappear消失。

根据下文“IrealizedthatIwasoneofthem”可知，当作者看到别人戴着耳机眼睛低

垂不苟言笑的时候，觉醒到自己也是其中之一。]

3.A.noseB.eyes

C.neckD.arms

答案B[A.nose鼻子；B.eyes眼睛；C.neck脖子；D.arms胳膊。根据下文“They

lookedunhappy”可知，作者在说面部表情，所以应该是眼睛低垂。]

4.A.goB.continue

C.combineD.exchange

答案B[A.go去；B.continue继续；C.combine联合；D.exchange交换。根据下

文“bookedaone－waytickettoflyhome.”可知，作者产生了厌倦之心，不愿意

再继续工作生活。]

5.A.matureB.academic

C.competitiveD.positive

答案C[A.mature成熟的；B.academic学术的；C.competitive有竞争力的；

D.positive积极的。根据下文“duetothepressureoffinishingmyPh.D”可知，作者有

完成博士学位的压力，所以变得更加爱竞争。]

6.A.outputB.alternative

C.caseD.opposite

答案D[A.output产量；B.alternative可供选择的事物；C.case情况；例子；

D.opposite相反的东西。根据上文“Thosewhocouldhavebeenpartnersbecame

competitorsIdisliked”可知，竞争的结果不是作者希望的，是与作者的希望相反的。]

7.A.inspiredB.lost

C.pureD.guilty

答案B[A.inspired受启发的；B.lost迷失的；C.pure纯洁的；D.guilty内疚的。

根据上文“ThosewhocouldhavebeenpartnersbecamecompetitorsIdisliked”以及“I

begantofeellonely”可知，作者因失去了不想失去的东西而感到孤独，分析四个选

项，B项“lost(迷失的)”含义与句子表达的含义一致。]

8.A.spottedB.marked

C.hitD.set

答案C[A.spotted看见；B.marked标记；C.hit击打；碰触；D.set放置。根据

下文“mybreakingpoint”可知，在公交车站，作者的坏情绪达到了极限，分析四个

选项，hitthebreakingpoint为固定短语，含义为：达到了崩溃的极限。]

9.A.evaluationB.adaptation

C.comprehensionD.occupation

答案D[A.evaluation评估；B.adaptation适应；C.comprehension理解；

D.occupation职业。根据上文“Ihadtoendthis”以及下文“myselfsecondfortoolong”

可知，作者向教授解释自己把职业放在第一位的时间太长了。]

10.A.jokesB.lines

C.callsD.accounts

答案B[A.jokes笑话；B.lines行；C.calls电话；D.accounts账户。根据上文

“ShortlyafterIgotbackhome，Istartedtoreceivesomeemailsfrommyworkmates”

可知，作者在看别人写给他的信。]

11.A.stickingB.standing

C.bringingD.figuring

答案A[A.sticking伸出；B.standing站；C.bringing带来；D.figuring弄明白。

根据下文“theirheadsoutoftheirshells”可知，此处作者使用比喻的手法，把脆弱的

研究人员比喻成乌龟，从壳子里面伸出头寻求帮助。]

12.A.chokeB.urge

C.sufferD.hesitate

答案C[A.choke噎住；B.urge敦促；C.suffer遭受痛苦；D.hesitate犹豫；根据

下文“ourvulnerabilityseemedsomuch”可知，作者感受到了每个人都有遭受痛苦的

时候。]

13.A.discouragedB.banned

C.freedD.prevented

答案C[A.discouraged使……灰心；B.banned禁止；C.freed解脱；D.prevented

预防。根据下文“fromallthathadbotheredme”可知，作者把自己从几天来困扰自

己的一切中解脱出来。]

14.A.brand－newB.non－controversial

C.so－calledD.win－win

答案D[A.brand－new崭新的；B.non－controversial不会引起争议的；C.so－

called所谓的；D.win－win双赢的。根据下文“insteadofonewhereonesidegains

whiletheothersideloses”可推理出，这是一场双赢的游戏。]

15.A.unimportantB.improper

C.irregularD.illogical

答案A[A.unimportant不重要的；B.improper不合适的；C.irregular不规则的；

D.illogical不合逻辑的。根据下文“itmeanswecanallsucceed”可知，作者认为与他

人合作并寻求帮助意味着我们都可以成功，并不会让我的贡献变得不重要。]

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2024·山东省潍坊市高三二模)

DoctorsintheJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicinehavefollowedthe

meal－timehabitsofmorethan500peopleforsixyears，1.(find)

weightchangeismostaffectedbythesizeand2.(frequent)ofmeals

ratherthantheinterval(间隔)fromfirsttolastmeal.Itchallengesthepopulartrendof

intermittentfasting(禁食)3.ausefulweightlossstrategy.

Intermittentfasting，alsoreferredtoastime－restrictedfeeding，isadietary

strategywhereallmeals4.(consume)duringashortwindowoftime

eachday.Thesewindowscanextendfrom6to10hours，resultinginaperson

essentiallyfastingforupto18hourseachday.

Theideareveals5.isnolinkbetweenthetimeofaperson’seating

windoweachdayandweightchanges.“Basedonotherstudiesthathavecomeout，

including6.(we)，wearestartingtothinktimingofmealsmostlikely

doesn’tproduce7.instantimpactonweightloss，”saiddoctor

Bennett.“Whatdoesmatter，however，isthetotalnumberofmediumandlargemeals

apersoneatsovertheday.”Itsuggestssimplyeatingsmallermeals，lessfrequently，

is8.ultimatelyleadstoweightloss.

Allofthisdoesn’tmeanintermittentfastingstrategieswon’thelp.Butwhatdoes

seemincreasinglyclearisthattheweightlossbenefitsoccasionally9.

(see)withtheseeatingstrategiesmaybeprimarilydrivenbyareducedcaloricintake.It

doesn’tmeanyoucansimplyeatallyouwantinashortwindoweachdayandstill

expect10.(lose)weight.

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究。研究表明，影响体