创新大学英语综合教程U3电子教案

InnovationEnglishIntegratedCourseBook4UnitThreeInternationalConferenceObjectivesStudentswillbeableto:Graspthemainidea(thatnegotiationresultsatBaliClimateChangeConference,anddevelopingcountriesanddevelopedcountriesshouldshouldertheirresponsibilities.)andstructureofthetext(introductionofthetopicbyU.S.rejectedtheKyotoProtocol;developmentofthearticlebytheprocedureoftheconference;conclusionofthearticlebythewordsoftheIndia’sMinisterofstatefortheEnvironmentandForests);Appreciatethatclimatechangeisaglobalissue;Acquirethekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext;Participateinaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.SuggestedTeachingStepsLead-inTextAWordStudySentenceStudyStructureStudyAfter-readingAdditionalMaterialsLead-inDirections:Pleasewatchthevideoclipandanswerthequestions.l.Whatsituationdoestheclipdepict?2.Usethetablebelowtotickwhatyouseeintheclip.OpeningceremonyRegistrationDiscussionseminarPresentationQuestionandAnswerSessionKeynoteSpeechClosingCeremonyReferenceanswers:l.Theclipdepictsaconferencesituation.2.Usethetablebelowtotickwhatyouseeintheclip.√√√√√√TextA:WhoWonandLostatTheBaliClimateChangeConference?InnearlyadecadesincetheU.S.rejectedthelandmarkclimatechangeagreementknownastheKyotoProtocol,theU.S.hasbecomeaccustomedtobeingattackedatU.N.environmentalgatherings.(Explanation:Sentence1)Butthepoundingittookinthetorturedall-nightnegotiationsduringtheU.N.climatechangeconferenceinBaliwasunprecedented.(Explanation:Sentence2)NotonlydiddevelopingnationsbigandsmallfromIndiatoPapuaNewGuineaopenlycriticizetheU.S.foritslast-minuterefusaltosupportthenewagreemententitledtheBaliRoadmap,but—withtheexceptionofaconfusedstatementfromJapan—notoneofthealliesthathadgenerallystoodwiththeU.S.inthepasttwoweeks—Australia,Russia,Canada—roseinitsdefense.(Explanation:Sentence3)Intheend,theU.S.’stotalisolationwastoomuchforevenittobear.(Explanation:Sentence4)“We’velistenedverycloselytomanyofourcolleagueshereduringthesetwoweeks,butespeciallytowhathasbeensaidinthishalltoday,”saidleadAmericannegotiator.“Wewillgoforwardandjointheconsensus.”Boosturnedtocheers,andthedealwasessentiallysealed.Here’sabreakdownofwhatitmeans,whowonandwholost.(Explanation:Sentence5)Theroadmapisessentiallythebeginningofabeginning.Thenegotiationstocomehaveaspecificenddate—2009—andforthefirsttime,dismantleswhattheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeexecutivesecretarycalled“theBerlinWallofclimatechange”,theideathatonlytherichnationsneedtotakeresponsibilityforfightingglobalwarming.(Explanation:Sentence6)Bothdevelopedcountriesanddevelopingcountrieshavesigneduptotheclimatechangefight.Thetwosidesstillhavedifferentresponsibilities,withdevelopednationsreadytotakeonmorequantifiableemissionscuts,anddevelopingnationspreparingtotakeonlessspecificnationalactions,butnocountryisleftbehind.(Explanation:Sentence7)Thatmattersbecausethemajorityoffuturecarbonemissionswillcomefromthedevelopingworld,andnoclimatedealcanworkwithouttheparticipationofthedevelopingnations.“ThedevelopingnationsofthesouthareonthesameroadastheNorth,”saysthedirectorfortheclimateandairprogramforEnvironmentalDefense.“They’reusingthesameroadmap.”TheBaliRoadmapcontainsnospecificcommitmentsorfiguresontheemissionsreductionsthatdevelopedcountrieswillneedtotake,beyondlanguagethat“deepcuts”willbeneeded.(Explanation:Sentence8)Earlierintheweek,theEU(EuropeanUnion)foughthardtoincludeaspecifictargetof25to40%cutsfordevelopednationsby2020,andaneedtohalveglobalemissions—twofigurescitedbytheU.N.’sIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange’s(IPCC)latestassessmentofglobalwarmingscience.Neithermadeitintothefinaltext,thankslargelytodeterminedoppositionfromtheU.S.,althoughafootnotepointstotheIPCCreport.(Explanation:Sentence9)Forenvironmentalistswhohadhopedthattherecentavalancheofdataunderscoringtherisingcrisisofclimatechangemightprompttougheraction,Baliwasadisappointment.“Itwasaratherweakdeal,”saidtheChairofFriendsoftheEarthInternational.“It’scompromised.”(Explanation:Sentence10)ButtheclearbigwinnersareChinaandIndia,whichhavefullyarrivedasmajorplayersoninternationalclimateaction.WhileIndiabeganthenegotiationsseeminglydisengaged,thecountryelevateditsgameinthefinalday,andshowedthatitwaswillingtogobeyonditsownnarrownationalinterests.(Explanation:Sentence11)Thatwasthecaseforthedevelopingworldasawhole,whichstooduptotheU.S.withoutruiningthepossibilityofafuturedeal.(Explanation:Sentence12)“Thedevelopingcountriesallowedthisdiscussiontobegininawholenewway,”saysthepolicydirectorfortheNaturalResourceDefenseCouncil’sclimatecenter.Itshouldbedifficultforacountrytomakethefinalconcessionthatallowsalandmarkdealtofallintoplace,andstillappearselfishandstubborn—buttheU.S.somehowmanagedtodothat.(Explanation:Sentence13)YearsofblockingclimateactionateveryturnmeanttheBushAdministrationcameintotheBalitalkswithlittlepubliccredibility,andwhiletherewasasensebeforethetalksthattheU.S.mightshowflexibility,thathopewasquicklydispelled.(Explanation:Sentence14)“TheU.S.neededtocomeinhereandbuildupitscredibility,”saysthePresidentoftheUnionofConcernedscientists.“Instead,theyjustpolishedtheirDarthVaderimage.”Theroadmapoutlinesthenextstepsfornegotiation.andcallsforadeadlineof2009—intimetohaveaformalsuccessortotheKyotoProtocol.ButastortuousasBaliwas,thenextroundwillhavetotacklethespecificactionstobetakenbydevelopedanddevelopingnationsalike.(Explanation:Sentence15)Butatleastweallseemtobeheadedinthesamedirection,ifnotatthesamespeed.“Thisisnotanissuebetweenthedevelopedworldandthedevelopingworld,”saidtheIndia’sMinisterofStatefortheEnvironmentandForests.“Thisisaglobalissue.Thechallengesarehuge.Thetaskishuge.”WordStudyWordStudy:Rejectrejectvt.torefusetoacceptoracknowledge拒绝e.g.Hanswasrejectedbythearmybecauseofhisbadeyesight.Herejectedhisbrother’sofferofhelp.tothrowawaysth.thathasjustbeenmade,becauseit’squalityisnotgoodenough抛（摈）弃，剔除e.g.Imperfectarticlesarerejectedbyourqualitycontrol.Choosethegoodapplesandrejectthebadones.WordStudy:Landmarklandmarkn.oneofthemostimportantevents,changes,ordiscoveriesthatinfluencessb.orsth.划时代的事，里程碑e.g.Thediscoveryofpenicillinwasalandmarkinthehistoryofmedicine.(2)aconspicuous,clearlyvisible,objectinanarea地标，陆标e.g.Thepaviliononthehilltopwasawellknownlandmark.WordStudy:Accustomaccustomvt.(~oneself/sb./sth.tosth.)tomakeyourselforanotherpersonbecomeusedtoasituationorplace使习惯于……e.g.Hequicklyaccustomedhimselftothisnewwayoflife.Wehavetoaccustomourselvestothehotweatherhere.be/become/getaccustomedto:tobefamiliarwithsth.andacceptitasnormal习惯于e.g.I’mnotaccustomedtogettingupsoearly.Hehasbeenaccustomedtohardwork.WordStudy:Torturetorturevt.tocause(sb.)greatphysicalormentalsuffering折磨，拷打e.g.Shewastorturedbyguilt.Rachelsataloneforhoursathome,torturedbyjealousy.n.severephysicalormentalsuffering折磨，煎熬e.g.Thewaitingmustbetortureforyou.(2)anactofdeliberatelyhurtingsb.inordertoforcethemtotellyousth.,topunishthem,ortobecruel拷打e.g.Hegaveinwhenhewasthreatenedwithtorture.torturedadj.experiencingintensepain,especiallymentalpain受尽折磨的e.g.OnlywhenIlookedoncemoreuponthattorturedfacecouldImakemydecision.WordsStudy:Unprecedentedunprecedentedadj.neverhavinghappenedbefore,orneverhavinghappenedtosuchanextent前所未有的，空前的e.g.Hisstatementmadeanunprecedentedsplash.China’sindustryisdevelopingatanunprecedentedrate.WordStudy:Isolationisolationn.theactofseparatingsb./sth.;thestateofbeingseparate孤立，隔离e.g.Becauseofitsgeographicalisolation,theareadevelopeditsownuniqueculture.Retirementcanoftencausefeelingsofisolation.WordStudy:Consensusconsensusn.anopinion,statement,etc.,thateveryoneinagroupagreeswithoraccepts意见一致，共识e.g.Thetwopartieshavereachedaconsensus.Thereisabroadconsensusofopinioninthecountryonthisissue.WordStudy:Breakdownbreakdownn.(1)analysis分析，剖析e.g.Theaccountantgaveabreakdownoftheexpenses.(2)anoccasionwhenacarorapieceofmachinerybreaksandstopsworking故障e.g.Ourcarhadabreakdownonthemotorway.Thetruckhadabreakdownandwastowedtothegarage.WordStudy:Oppositionoppositionn.(~tosb./sth.)strongdisagreement反对e.g.There’snotmuchoppositiontothescheme.Herproposalmetwithstrongopposition.opposev.反对(抗)，抵制e.g.Opposeextravaganteatinganddrinkingandpayattentiontothriftandeconomy.WordStudy:Promptpromptv.(1)(~sb.todosth.)tomakepeoplesayordosth.asareaction促进，推动e.g.Whatpromptedhimtobesogenerous?Hisevasivereplypromptedmetoaskanotherquestion.(2)toinspireorcause(afeelingoranaction)激起(感情)，唤起(行动)e.g.Whatpromptedthatremark?Herquestionwaspromptedbyworriesaboutherfuture.adj.donequickly,immediately,orattherighttime及时的，迅速的e.g.Promptrepliesaregreatlyappreciated.(2)(~indoingsth./todosth.)(ofaperson)quicktotakeaction敏捷的，动作迅速的e.g.Shewasverypromptinansweringmyletter.WordStudy:Compromisecompromisev.toreachanagreementinwhicheveryoneinvolvedacceptslessthatwhattheywantedatfirst作出妥协，折中解决e.g.Sheadmittedthatshewasunabletocompromise.IwantedtogotoGreece,butmywifewantedtogotoSpain,sowecompromisedonItaly.Hisworkmatesdemandedthathenevercompromisewiththebosses.n.anagreementthatisachievedaftereveryoneinvolvedacceptslessthanwhattheywantedatfirst,ortheactofmakingthisagreement妥协，折衷e.g.Afterseveralhoursofdiscussions,theymanagedtoreachacompromise.Everyonehastobepreparedtomakecompromises.WordStudy:Ruinruinv.tospoilordestroysth.completely毁坏(灭)e.g.Hiscarelessnessruinedhisprospects.Thecontinuationofthisdroughtwillruintheharvest.n.severedamageordestruction毁坏(灭)，灭亡e.g.Thenewsmeanttheruinofallourhopes.inruins严重受损，破败不堪e.g.Anearthquakeleftthewholetowninruins.WordStudy:Concessionconcessionn.sth.thatyouallowsb.tohaveinordertoendanargumentoradisagreement让步e.g.Employersmadeconcessionstotheworkersinthenegotiations.Asaconcessiontoherinexperiencetheyallowedhertohavesomehelp.concedev.toadmitthatsth.istrueorcorrect,althoughyouwishitwerenottrue承认e.g.IconcededthatIhadmadeanumberoferrors.Iwasforcedtoconcedethatshemightberight.WordStudy:Blockblockvt.tostopsth.happening,developing,orsucceeding阻碍(止)e.g.Theirapplicationtojointheclubwasblocked.(2)topreventanythingmovingthroughaspacebybeingorplacingsth.acrossitorinit阻塞(挡)e.g.HeavysnowisblockingallroadsintoScotland.n.sth.thatpreventsmovementorprogress妨碍物，阻(障)碍e.g.Hisstubbornattitudeisablocktoournegotiation.(2)(AmE)thebuildings/areasurroundedbyfourcitystreets:thisusedasaunitoflengthalongoneofthestreets街区e.g.Helivesthreeblocksawayfromhere.WordStudy:Tackletacklevt.totrytodealwithadifficultproblem处理，解决e.g.Canyousuggesthowwemighttackletheproblem?Isuggestedtohimthatweshouldtackletheproblemanotherway.SentenceStudySentenceStudy1InnearlyadecadesincetheU.S.rejectedthelandmarkclimatechangeagreementknownastheKyotoProtocol,theU.S.hasbecomeaccustomedtobeingattackedatU.N.environmentalgatherings:IthasbeenalmosttenyearssincetheU.S.refusedtoaccepttheKyotoProtocol,averyimportantagreementonclimatechange.Eversincethen,theU.S.hasbecomeusedtobeingcriticizedatU.N.environmentalmeetings.【译文】自美国拒绝签署划时代的气候变化协议——《京都议定书》近l0年来，美国在联合国环境问题的历次会议上一直广受抨击。SentenceStudy2ButthepoundingittookinthetorturedallnightnegotiationsduringtheUNclimatechangeconferenceinBaliwasunprecedented:NeverbeforehadtheU.S.receivedsuchcriticismasitdidduringthedifficulttalksduringtheBaliconference.【译文】在此次巴厘岛联合国气候变化大会的连夜磋商中，美国受到的批评更是空前。本句的主干是“Butthepoundingwasunprecedented”句中包含两个定语从句，分别修饰“thepounding”和“negotiations”。SentenceStudy3WiththeexceptionofaconfusedstatementfromJapan—notoneofthealliesthathadgenerallystoodwiththeU.S.inthepasttwoweeks—Australia,Russia,Canada—roseinitsdefense:Inthepasttwoweeks,noneofitsallies—Australia,Russia,Canada—supportedtheU.S.exceptJapan,whichgaveanambiguousstatement.【译文】除日本的立场有些模棱两可外，连过去两周与美国立场相近的澳大利亚、俄罗斯和加拿大，也无一站出来支持美国。withtheexceptionof:except,but除……之外e.g.WiththeexceptionofJohn,everyonepassedtheexam.Ienjoyedallhisnovelswiththeexceptionofhislastone.exceptionn.例外e.g.Mostofthestudentsdidwell,thoughtherewereoneortwoexceptions.SentenceStudy4Intheend,theU.S.’stotalisolationwastoomuchforevenittobear:Finally,eventheU.S.itselfcouldn’tstandthestateofbeingcompletelyisolated.【译文】最终，这彻底的孤立感令美国不堪承受。SentenceStudy5“Wewillgoforwardandjointheconsensus.”Boosturnedtocheers,andthedealwasessentiallysealed.Here’sabreakdownofwhatitmeans,whowonandwholost:“Wewillagreewithyou.”Everyonewaspleasedthatagreementwasnowafact.Herearethedetailsshowingwhatitmeansandthewinnersandlosers.【译文】“我们将往前走，融入这一共识。”顿时，会场内的嘘声变成了欢呼声，协议基本达成。但“路线图”究竟意味着什么？谁是赢家？谁是输家？SentenceStudy6Thenegotiationstocomehaveaspecificenddate—2009—andforthefirsttime,dismantleswhattheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeexecutivesecretarycalled“theBerlinwallofclimatechange”,theideathatonlytherichnationsneedtotakeresponsibilityforfightingglobalwarming:Thenewnegotiationswillhavetobeconcludedin2009,andforthefirsttimeitrejectstheideathatonlydevelopedcountriesareresponsibleforthebattleagainstglobalwarming,whichthesecretaryreferredtoastheBerlinwallofclimatechange.【译文】它规定2009年年底前完成随后的谈判。此外，它还首次拆除了《联合国气候变化框架公约》秘书处执行秘书所说的“气候变化的柏林墙”，即不仅仅是发达国家负有应对全球变暖的责任。该句的结构比较复杂。“tocome”在句子中作定语，“Thenegotiationstocome”意思是“马上要进行的谈判”。“what”引导了一个宾语从句，在从句中作“call”的宾语。“idea”后面的“that”引导的是一个同位语从句。takeresponsibilityfor:toagreetobeinchargeofsth.orsb.负起的……的责任e.g.WhodoyoutrusttotakeresponsibilityforBritain,sdefense?Itakeresponsibilityforlosingthemoney.SentenceStudy7Thetwosidesstillhavedifferentresponsibilities,withdevelopednationsreadytotakeonmorequantifiableemissionscuts,anddevelopingnationspreparingtotakeonlessspecificnationalactions,butnocountryisleftbehind:Thetwosideswilltakeondifferenttasks.Whilethedevelopedcountriesaretoreduceemissionsbyarequiredamount,thedevelopingcountriesalsoneedtocutemissionsthoughnodetailedrequirementsaremade.Thereisnoexceptionforanycountry.【译文】双方仍肩负着不同责任：发达国家将负有更多的量化减排任务，而发展中国家虽无具体量化要求，但没有国家可以置身事外。该句有两个由“with”构成的独立主格结构作伴随状语，而这两个伴随结构分别有其逻辑主语“developednations”和“developingnations”。e.g.I’mreadingthenewspaper.withmydogsleepingnexttome.Heranuptotheman.withaswordinhishand.leavebehindtoneglectorforgettotakealong遗漏(留)e.g.IthinkImighthaveleftmywalletbehind.(2)tocauseasaresultofanaction留下e.g.Thestormleftbehindatrailofdestruction.SentenceStudy8TheBaliRoadmapcontainsnospecificcommitmentsorfiguresontheemissionsreductionsthatdevelopedcountrieswillneedtotake,beyondlanguagethat“deepcuts”willbeneeded:Exceptforthewords“deepcuts”mentionedintheBaliRoadmap,therearenoconcretecommitmentsorfiguresregardingtheamountbywhichthedevelopedcountriesmustreduceemissions.【译文】“巴厘岛路线图”中没有任何关于发达国家减排方面的具体承诺和数字，只提及需要“大量减排”。SentenceStudy9Neithermadeitintothefinaltext,thankslargelytodeterminedoppositionfromtheU.S.,althoughafootnotepointstotheIPCCreport:Neither(oftheproposedfigures)wasincludedinthefinalwrittenagreementbecausetheU.S.disagreedstrongly,buttherewasanoteinthetextpointingtotheIPCCreport.【译文】但主要由于美国的坚决反对，“路线图”的最终文本中没有出现这些数字，只是以脚注形式提到了IPCC评估报告。thanksto:becauseofsb.orsth.由于，多亏e.g.Thecompanyhashadasuccessfulyear.thankstotheimprovementinexportsales.Thankstothedisease,Ihavetheopportunitytoimprovemycharacter.。SentenceStudy10Forenvironmentalistswhohadhopedthattherecentavalancheofdataunderscoringtherisingcrisisofclimatechangemightprompttougheraction,Baliwasadisappointment.“Itwasaratherweakdeal,”thechairofFriendsoftheEarthInternational.“It’scompromised.”:Fortheenvironmentalistswhohadhopedthesubstantialamountofevidenceshowingincreasingclimatechangemighthaveresultedinstrongeraction,Baliwasdisappointing.“Theagreement,asaresultofconcessions,wasratherweak,”saidtheChairofFriendsoftheEarthInternational.【译文】环保论者希望最近涌现的有关气候变化危机不断升级的大量证据促成更严厉的举措，巴厘岛会议却令他们失望。环保组织国际地球之友的主席说：“‘路线图’是一项毫无约束力的决议。它是折衷的产物。”“underscoringtherisingcrisisofclimatechange”为现在分词短语，作“avalancheofdata”的定语。SentenceStudy11WhileIndiabeganthenegotiationsseeminglydisengaged,thecountryelevateditsgameinthefinalday,andshowedthatitwaswillingtogobeyonditsownnarrownationalinterests:India,apparentlynotconcernedatthestart,becameinvolvedintheend,showingitwoulddomorethanfollowitsownlimitedconcerns.【译文】尽管谈判伊始，印度表现得有些事不关已，但在大会最后一天，它展示了愿意超越狭隘的本国利益的高姿态。“while”means“whereas”or“although”here.e.g.Whileneverabigeater,hedidsnackalot.Whiletherewasnoconclusiveevidence,mostpeoplethoughthewasguilty.SentenceStudy12Thatwasthecaseforthedevelopingworldasawhole,whichstooduptotheU.S.withoutruiningthepossibilityofafuturedeal:ThedevelopingworldwasactingtogetherfaceduptotheU.S.withoutjeopardizingthechanceofanyfurtherdeal.【译文】发展中国家整体上也是如此，它们一致反对美国的态度，同时又为未来的谈判留了余地。standupto:(1)confrontfearlessly,opposeboldly勇敢地面对……e.g.Hissisterhadthebackbonetostanduptoallthedifficulties.(2)tostayhealthyoringoodconditioninadifficultenvironment经得起，顶得住e.g.Theirlovecanstanduptothetestoftime.Willthisbuildingstanduptotyphoons?SentenceStudy13Itshouldbedifficultforacountrytomakethefinalconcessionthatallowsalandmarkdealtofallintoplace,andstillappearselfishandstubborn—buttheU.S.somehowmanagedtodothat:TheU.S.stillappearedselfishandwasunwillingtogiveupitsposition,despiteitsconcessionatthelastminutethatallowedthedealtobemade.【译文】很难有国家能做到既最终妥协以成就一个里程碑式的协议，同时又显得自私顽固，但美国做到了这一点。SentenceStudy14YearsofblockingclimateactionateveryturnmeanttheBushAdministrationcameintotheBalitalkswithlittlepubliccredibility,andwhiletherewasasensebeforethetalksthattheU.S.mightshowflexibility,thathopewasquicklydispelled:YearsofcontinualoppositiontoclimateactionmeantthatinBalinoonewasreadytobelieveintheBushAdministrationscommitment:andtheearlierhopesthattheU.S.mightchangealittlesoondisappeared.【译文】布什政府多年来总是阻碍应对气候的行动，因而其参与巴厘岛谈判时就没什么公众信任度。虽然谈判前，大家对美国尚抱一线希望，期望它能在谈判中灵活变通，但这希望很快落空了。SentenceStudy15ButastortuousasBaliwas,thenextroundwillhavetotacklethespecificactionstobetakenbydevelopedanddevelopingnationsalike:AscomplexastheBaliconferencewas,thenextroundofnegotiationsistodealwiththeconcreteactionstobetakenbyallnations.【译文】但下一轮谈判会像此次巴厘岛大会一样曲折，它将为发达国家和发展中国家制定出具体的减排措施。StructureStructureDirections:Thetextcanbedividedintofourparts.Fillintheblankswithappropriatewordsfromthetextcompletethemainideaofeach.PartsParagraphsMain

IdeasPart

OneParas.1—2Throughl)torturednegotiations,theBaliRoadmap,anewclimatechange2)agreement,wasbornattheendoftheBaliConference.Part

TwoParas.3—6Althoughtherewasmuch3)disappointmentattheBaliConference,the“BerlinWall”ofclimatechangewas4)dismantled.Bothdevelopedanddevelopingcountrieshavesigneduptothefight5)againstclimatechange.Part

ThreeParas.7—8ThebigwinnersattheBaliConferenceare6)developingcountriessuchasChinaandIndia.AtthelastminutetheU.S.hadtomakethefinal7)concessionthatallowedalandmarkdealto8)fallintoplace.PartFourParas.9—10Thenextstepsareto9)tacklethespecificactionstobel0)takenbydevelopedanddevelopingnationsalike.Directions:Choosethebestanswerthatbestcompleteseachsentenceoranswerseachquestion.1)WhatwastheattitudeoftheU.S.towardtheKyotoProtocol?A)Indifferent.B)Neutral.C)supportive.D)Opposing.2)Whatdoes“theBerlinWallofclimatechange”(Para.3)referto?A)Theideathatonlydevelopingnationsareresponsibleforglobalwarming.B)Theideathatonlyrichnationsneedtomakecommitmentstofightingglobalwarming.C)Theideathatbothpoorandrichnationshaveresponsibilityforglobalwarming.D)Theideathatdevelopedanddevelopingnationshavedifferentresponsibilitiesforglobalwarming.ThespecifictargetofemissioncutssetbytheBaliRoadmapfordevelopednationsby2020is.35to45%B)25to50%C)25to40%D)nospecifictarget4)Whydoestheauthorsaythatnoclimatedealcanworkwithouttheparticipationofdevelopingcountries?A)Becausedevelopingcountrieshavebeengettingricherandricherinrecentyears.B)Becausedevelopingcountrieshavealargerpopulationthandevelopedones.C)Becausedevelopingcountriesaregettingmoreandmoreindustrialized.D)Becausethemajorityoffuturecarbonemissionswillcomefromthedevelopingworld.5)WhatisthegreatsignificanceoftheBaliInternationalClimateChangeConference?A)TheBaliconferencetoredowntheBerlinwallofclimatechange,reachinganagreementonaglobalresponsetoclimatechange.B)TheU.S.madeafinalconcessionthatallowedalandmarkdealtofallintoplace.C)TheBaliconferencehasraisedthelevelofawarenessofclimatechangeamongdevelopingnations.D)TheBaliRoadmapwillstopdevelopingcountriesfromcuttingdownforests.KeytoExercises—Vocabularycompromises2)outlined3)breakdown4)unprecedented5)prompted6)ruined7)opposition8)tackleelevate10)concessionsrefusal2)resources3)ruined4)successor5)emissions6)estimation7)compromise8)credibility9)contains10)participationKeytoExercises—Structure1.WiththeexceptionofMary(除了玛丽),allthestudentshadfinishedclassassignmentswhenthebellrang.

2)Withtheexceptionofanemergency(除了紧急情况),nopersonisallowedtoopenthisdoor.

3)Withtheexceptionofchildrenunder10(除了十岁以下的孩子),everyoneinthisvillageshouldbeinformedofthesadnews..

4)Youcanhaveaccesstoallthebooksinthisstudy,withtheexceptionoftwojournals(除了两本期刊).

5)WearefullysatisfiedwithlifeinKunming,withtheexceptionofhousingandtransport(除了住房和交通).2.Intheneighborhoodthereisnobodywhodoesnotknowme.Nothingisimpossibleifyoutryyourbest.Wecouldnotachievesuchgreatsuccesswithoutthehelpofourteachers.ItisnotimpossibletopassCET-4nexttimeifyouworkharder.Ourworkhasnomeaningwithoutconsi4eringmostpeoplesfundamentalinterests.KeytoExercises—Comprehension1)raising2)criticism3)primarily4)distinguish5)amid

6)utmost7)estimates8)treaty9)flow10)vulnerability

KeytoExercises—TranslationAstheworldisgettingmoreandmoredenselypopulated,airpollutionhasbecomeanunprecedentedlysevereproblem.Thisproblemhascalledfortheincreasingattentionofenvironmentalists.Thefourmajorhumanactivitysectorscontainingindustry,energy,transportation,andagriculturearesomehowresponsibleforairpollution.Energiesareneededtorunfactories,topowertrains,planesandbuses.Nearlyalloftheseenergiesareproducedbyburningfuels,whichwouldpromptairpollution.Scientistsarestudyingnewwaysofgeneratingelectricitythatcanbelessdamagingtotheenvironment.Theincreasedpublicenvironmentalawarenesshasledtotheavalancheofactivitiessuchasrecycling.After-readingActivityOne:TalkingaboutPicturesDirections:Variouskindsofconferencesareheldeachyeartotackledifferentchallengesfacingtheworld.Thefollowingaretwoexamplesofthem.Sharewhatyouknowaboutthemwithyourclassmates.ActivityTwo:GroupWorkDirections:Planasmallconferenceonanythemerelatedtoyouruniversitylife.Workwithyourgroupmemberstodecidethethemeofyourconferenceandoutlineaplanforit.Lateryoumaybeaskedtoshareyourideaswiththewholeclass.ThemeGoalSloganAgendaAdditionalMaterialsActivityOneDirections:Everyyear,differentconferencesareheldnationallyorinternationallyforvariouspurposes.Thepicturesbelowarefordifferentconferences.Guessastothepurposeofeachofthemaccordingtothetitle,andexplainwhetherinternationalconferencesareofgreatimportance.Whyorwhynot?Tips:Aimsofinternationalconferences:①topromotetheunderstanding,communication,coordinationandcooperationamongnations;②toestablishpeaceandharmony,andfriendshipamongcountries;③toaddressandcopewithconcernsandproblemstogether;④tosharepracti