Unit2LessonsinLife【速记清单】（原卷版）

Unit2LessonsinLifeUnit1话题艺术词汇1.outstretchedadj.2.cramv．3.transparentadj.4.vexedadj.5.absurdadj.6.leanv.7.Madamen.8.strokev.9.despairn．10．anticipatev．11．luxuryn．12．widespreadadj.13．phrasen．14．feen短语1．bereunitedwith(使)重聚2．farfrom远非；绝不3．makethemostof充分利用4．losetouchwith和……失去联系5．keepintouchwith和……保持联系6．tothefull充分地；彻底地7．stickto坚持8．searchfor寻找9．burstoutlaughing突然笑起来10．becrammedwith挤满……11．bedressedin穿着……12．bereluctantto不愿意……句型1．It’suptoustofindoutwhatisimportantinourlivesandestablishourownvalues.2．ReadingthisbookmademefeelasifI’dbeenwokenupfromalongsleepandfinallyopenedmyeyestotheworld!3．Youwillseehimeverytimeyougotothewindow...4．Ifanyofyoushouldfindhim，wouldyoubesoverykindastogivehimbacktous？语法复习被动语态写作概要写作考点1.weakenv.(使)虚弱;削弱;动摇OndiscoveringthatMorrieisbeingweakenedbyasevereillness,MitchstartsvisitinghimathishouseonTuesdays.一了解到莫里正因一种严重的疾病而变得虚弱,米奇就开始每周二去他家看望他。 【拓展】weakadj._________________beweakin______________(2)weaknessn.______________weakness的反义词:strength______________strengthsandweaknesses______________(3)weaklyadv.______________【经典练】①Thestudentis_____inmathematics,butgoodatEnglish.这个学生不擅长数学,但英语学得好。②Therecessionhas__________somanybusinessesthatmanycannolongersurvive.经济衰退削弱了很多企业的实力，以至于很多无法再生存下去。③Eitherfrompainor__________(weak),hefelltothefloorinadeadfaint.不知是由于疼痛还是虚弱，他倒在地板上昏倒了。[名师提醒](1)adj./n.＋­en→v.weakadj.虚弱的→weakenv．(使)虚弱wideadj.宽的→widenv．(使)变宽broadadj.宽的→broadenv．(使)变宽sharpadj.锋利的→sharpenv．(使)变锋利shortadj.短的→shortenv．(使)变短deepadj.深的→deepenv．(使)变深lengthn．长度→lengthenv．(使)加长strengthn．力量，力气→strengthenv．(使)变强(2)en­＋adj./n.→v.sureadj.肯定的→ensurev．保证，确保ableadj.能够的→enablev．使能够largeaaj.大的→enlargev．扩大dangern．危险→endangerv．使处于险境couragen．勇气→encouragev．鼓励【好句背默】④Socialmediawebsitesdonot______(weak)personaltiesbut________(strength)theminuniquewaysfordifferentagegroups.社交媒体网站不会削弱个人关系，而是以不同年龄群体的独特方式加强个人关系。考点2.anticipatevt.预期,预料;预见;期待AsMorrieanticipateshisowndeath,heobserveseverythingasthoughthroughneweyes...当莫里预料到了自己生命的终结时,他好像(开始)用新的眼光观察所有的事物……【拓展】(1)anticipate(...)doing

sth._______________Itisanticipatedthat...______________(2)anticipationn.______________inanticipationof...______________(3)anticipatedadj.______________【经典练】①I______________toSuzhouandHangzhouwithmyparentsnextyear.我期待着明年和我的父母一起去苏州和杭州。②______________thepricewillgodowninthenearfuture.据预测,在不久的将来,物价会下降。③Judyboughtmanytoys______________manychildrentakingpartinthatparty.预料到很多孩子会参加那场聚会,朱迪买了很多玩具。【好句背默】④Ihadtakenmycoatandumbrellabecause______________________.我估计有雨，所以带着外套和伞。考点3.pointofviewn.考虑角度;观点;看法(复数:pointsofview)Afterfinishingit,IfeelIhavebeengivenadeeperinsightintotheworldandcanseethingsfromadifferentpointofview.读完这本书之后,我觉得自己对这个世界有了更深的了解,可以从不同的角度看待事物了。 【拓展】viewn.看法;视野;风景;方式vt.观看;以……看待;把……视为from

one’spointofview______________inone’sview=inone’sopinion______________inviewof______________haveagoodviewof______________eintoview______________a/theviewon/about______________(2)view...as...______________【经典练】①______________,thisjobiseducationalandfun.在我看来,这份工作既有教育意义又有趣。②______________,theactivityisofgreatsignificancesincethestudentsparticipatinginitwillbenefitalot.在我看来,这次活动意义重大,因为参加这次活动的学生将受益匪浅。③______________thepresentsituation,we’llhavetochangeouroriginalplan.鉴于目前这种情况,我们将不得不改变我们原来的计划。④Peoplecan______________thewholecityfromthistower.人们从这座塔上可以清楚地看到整座城市。⑤Asweturnedthecorner,themountain______________.当我们拐过弯时,那座山映入眼帘。⑥Thecar______________ahighlyoriginalone.这辆车被认为是一辆独具匠心的车。【好句背默】⑦Whenyoudisagreewithyourparents,takeaminutetocalmdownandtrytounderstandthesituation_________________.当你不同意你父母的观点时,花一分钟冷静下来,努力从他们的角度来理解情况。考点4.get/bedistractedby...因……分心,因……心烦意乱Whileweareliving,wetendtogetdistractedbyunimportantthings,suchasgatheringmaterialpossessions.在我们活着的时候,我们往往会被一些不重要的事情分心,比如积累物质财富。【拓展】(1)distractvt.______________distract...from...______________distractsb.’sattention______________(2)distractingadj.______________distractionn.______________distractedadj.______________【经典练】①Someparentsworrythatsmartphoneswill______children’sattention.一些父母担心会分散孩子们的注意力。②Asaseniorschoolstudent,weshouldn't______________anythingthatisnotrelevanttoourstudy.作为一名高中生，我们不应该被任何与我们的学习无关的事情分心。③Beforeyoudiveintoworking,writingorwhateverelseyouneedtodo,turnoffyourcellphoneandanythingelsethatmightprovetobe________.在你投入到工作、写作或其他任何需要做的事情之前，关掉你的和任何可能会分散你注意力的东西。【好句背默】④Thereneedstobeabroadpubliccampaigntomakepeopleawareofthedangerof________driving.有必要开展一场广泛飞公众运动，使人们意识到分心驾驶的危险。考点5.possessionn.财产,财物(常用复数);[U]拥有,具有Whileweareliving,wetendtogetdistractedbyunimportantthings,suchasgatheringmaterialpossessions.在我们活着的时候,我们往往会被一些不重要的事情分心,比如积累物质财富。【拓展】(1)in

possessionof______________inthepossessionofsb./insb.’spossession______________take/havepossessionof______________(2)possessvt.______________possessorn.______________【经典练】①AllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbe______________avalidticketbeforeboarding.所有使用运输联线服务的游客在上车前必须持有有效车票。②Thepicturewhichisondisplayinthemuseumnowis______________Tom/inTom’spossession.目前在博物馆展出的那幅画为汤姆所有。③Thegallery_________anumberofthefamousartist’searlyworks.这家画廊拥有许多那位著名画家的早期作品。④Wehavealreadyboughtahousebutwewon’t______________ituntilMay.我们已经买了房子,但要到五月份才能拥有它。据说一位年轻人将拥有这家公司。考点6.recognitionn.承认,认可;认出,识别Despiteitswidespreadrecognition,myfirstimpressionwas...尽管它得到了广泛的认可,但我的第一印象是…… 【拓展】outof/beyondrecognition______________face/voice/fingerprint/image/handwritingrecognition______________(2)recognize/recognisev.______________recognize...as/tobe...______________berecognizedas...______________Itisrecognizedthat...______________(3)recognizable/recognisableadj.______________【经典练】①Thereisalsoimage______________AIthatcan_______carplatenumbersandhumanfaces.还有能识别车牌号码和人脸的图像识别型人工智能。②MonaLisaiswidelyrecognized______oneofthemostfamouspaintingsinthehistoryofart.《蒙娜丽莎》被公认为美术史上最著名的画作之一。③______________drugabusewillcauseahugelossofbothlifeandwealth.人们普遍认为滥用毒品会造成巨大的生命和财产损失。【好句背默】④Myhometownhaschanged______________sinceIleftherelasttime.自从我上次离开我的家乡以来,这里已经变得让人认不出来了。考点7.

getthrough完成；通过(考试等)；渡过(难关)；打通()Aboxoftissueswillbeneededtogetthroughthisbook!要读完这本书，你需要准备一盒纸巾！【拓展】getin______________getaround______________getover______________getalong/on(with)______________【经典练】①Althoughthetwoboysdifferincharacter,theygetalongwell_____eachother.虽然这两个男孩性格不同，但他们相处得很好。②Itwilltakealongtimeforhisfamilyto______whathashappenedhere.他的家人要花很长时间才能从这里发生的事情中恢复过来。③Howdidmysecret_________toallmyfriendssoquickly?我的秘密怎么这么快就传到我所有的朋友那里去了？【好句背默】④Imanagedto______________thehardtimes,andthepainwasstruckintomyheart.我设法熬过了那些困难时期，那伤痛是刻骨铭心的。考点8.

losetouchwith与……失去联系;不再了解,不再意识到Morrie’sreflectionsonloveandfriendshipmademethinkaboutmylifeandallthegoodfriendsthatI’velosttouchwithalongtheway.莫里对爱和友谊的思考让我想到了自己的生活,想到了一路走来所有失去联系的好朋友。 (教材P20)【拓展】getintouchwithsb.______________be/keep/stayintouchwithsb.______________be/keep/stayintouchwithsth.______________beoutoftouchwithsb.______________【经典练】①IregrettosaythatIhave______________fourorfivefriendssofar.遗憾地说,迄今为止我已经与四五个朋友失去了联系。②We’vebeen______________witheachotherforyearssincewegraduatedfromuniversity.自从大学毕业以来,我们彼此已经多年没有联系了。③Thankstoanotherfriend’shelp,finallythey______________eachotheragain.多亏了另一个朋友的帮助,他们终于又和彼此联系上了。【好句背默】④Nowadaysmanyparentsare/keep/stay______________theirchildrenwhoareatcollegebyWeChat.现在许多父母使用微信和他们上大学的孩子保持联系。考点9.cooperatev.合作,协作itiseasiertoachievesomethingifyoucooperatewithsomeoneelse你如果和其他人合作,就更容易实现某事【拓展】cooperatewith

______________cooperationn.______________incooperationwith______________cooperativeadj.______________【经典练】①Iwasstruckbyhisinspiringwords,andIdecidedto________withhim.他鼓舞人心的话打动了我,我决定与他合作。②Thetrainingcourseswerecarriedoutin_________withthisuniversity.培训课程是与这所大学合作落实的。③Thesemeasuresofferwider_________spacetobusinessesofthetwocountries.这些措施为两国企业提供了更加广阔的合作空间。【好句背默】工人与管理层合作使产量增加了10%。④Theworkers,______________themanagement,haveincreasedoutputby10percent.⑤Theworkers,______________themanagement,haveincreasedoutputby10percent.考点10.rushinto冲进（某地）;匆忙做……AtroopofHAPPINESSESrushintothehall,singing,“Theretheyare!Theyseeus!”一群“幸福”冲进大厅,唱着:“他们在那儿!他们看见我们了!”【拓展】rushv.______________n.______________rushtosb./sth.______________rushtodosth.______________rushout(of...)______________rushsb./sth.to...______________rushthrough______________(2)inarush(=inahurry)______________arushofanger/excitement/fear______________【经典练】判断下列句子中rush的词性及含义①Don'trushintomakingadecision.Youmightregretitlater.______________②Oncetheboywasrushedtohospital,hewasoperatedonbythebestdoctor.______________③Whyisitalwayssucharushtogetreadyinthemorning?______________④SuddenlythedoorburstopenandJoerushedin.______________【好句背默】⑤Don’t______________adecisionontheimportantmatterbeforethinkingitover.在重要的事情上,在没有仔细考虑之前,不要匆忙做出决定。考点11.burstoutlaughing突然大笑起来；不禁大笑AlltheotherHAPPINESSESburstoutlaughing.其他所有的幸福都哄然大笑。【拓展】burstoutlaughing＝burstintolaughter______________burstoutcrying＝burstintotears______________(2)burstwithanger______________burstwithjoy______________(3)aburstoflaughter/applause______________【经典练】①Onhearingtheshockingnewsthathersoncouldn'trecoveraftertheoperation,themother______________crying.一听到儿子手术后仍无法恢复的噩耗，这位母亲就突然大哭起来。②WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard,sayinghecoulduseitforwhateverhisfamilymightneed,he______________tears.当我递给他那张礼物卡，跟他说可以用它来买家里可能需要的任何东西时，他突然哭了起来。考点12.cramv．挤满；把……塞进Why,itiscrammedwithHappinesses!嘿，幸福多得都要挤不下了！【拓展】becrammedwith______________cramsth.into...______________craminto______________【经典练】①Hislife______________desireofpossessingpowerandmoney,whichcausedhisunhappinessanddivorce.他的生活中充满了权力欲和金钱欲，这导致了他的苦恼和离异。②Terrycrammedthedirtyclothes_____hisbag.特里把脏衣服塞进了包里。③We______________mycarandsetoff.我们挤进我的小汽车里，出发了。【好句背默】Thehouseiscrammed______pricelessfurnitureandworksofart.房子里堆满了价值连城的家具和艺术品。考点13.leanv．倚，靠；使斜靠EnterNEIGHBOURBERLINGOT，alittleoldwomanleaningonastick.邻居Berlingot，一位瘦小的老太太拄着拐杖进来了。【拓展】(1)leanagainst/on______________lean...against/on...______________leanforward/back______________leanforwardsb.______________(2)leanon______________leanoneachotherforsupport______________【经典练】①Hewas______________thebridge,watchingtheboatsgoby.他靠在桥上，看着船来船往。②He_____hisbicycleagainstthefence.他把自行车倚靠在篱笆上。③Theywere______________,facingeachother.他们面对面身体前倾。④She______________himandlistened.她探过身子去听他说。【好句背默】Shewalkedslowly，______________.她倚靠着她儿子的手臂缓慢行走。考点14.addressn．地址；称呼；致辞；讲话；演讲v.称呼；发表演说；写地址；处理/解决问题Steppingtothefrontofthestageandaddressingtheaudience.走到舞台前面，向观众致辞。【拓展】addresssth.(tosb.) ______________addresssb. ______________addresssb.as/tobe... ______________【经典练】写出address的含义①MostpeoplecallmeBob.HowdoIaddressyou？______________②Mr.HowardgaveanaddressoneconomicstrategiesinAsia.______________③Thereisaletteraddressedtoyou.______________④Thenextmeetingwilladdresstheproblemoftruancy.______________【好句背默】⑤Heisdueto_______aconferenceonhumanrightsnextweek.他下星期将在一个大会上发表关于人权的演说。.考点15.ReadingthisbookmademefeelasifI'dbeenwokenupfromalongsleepandfinallyopenedmyeyestotheworld!读这本书让我觉得自己好像从长眠中醒来，终于睁开眼睛看到了这个世界！本句中的asif跟在系动词feel的后面引导表语从句。由于该表语从句表示的并非事实，所以用了虚拟语气。【拓展】asif/though的用法：(1)在be，look，seem，sound，smell，feel等系动词之后的asif/though引导的是表语从句。注意：从句所表示的内容与事实相符，则使用______________。从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时，从句谓语常用______________：与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用______________；与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用______________；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用______________。(2)asif/though引导方式状语从句。注意：如果从句主语和主句主语一致，且其中又含有be动词的某种形式，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词，后面直接跟名词、不定式、形容词、介词短语或分词。【经典练】①Aftertheaccident，hebehaved______________nothinghadhappened.事故后，他表现得若无其事。②Itlooks______________itisn'tcleanenoughtoswimhere.看起来这里的水好像不够干净，不宜游泳。③Fromtimetotimeheturnedround______________searchingforsomeone.他不时地转身，好像在找人一样。④Hepaused,______________toletthempayattention.他停了下来，好像想让他们注意到自己。考点16.TheydancemerrilyaroundtheCHILDREN，thentheonewhoappearstobethechiefgoesuptoTYLTYLwithhandoutstretched.他们在孩子们周围欢快地跳舞，然后那个看起来是酋长的人，伸出手向狄蒂尔走去。【拓展】with的复合结构主要用来说明附带情况或具体细节，在句中可作原因、方式、条件或伴随状语等，有时也可作定语。其构成形式主要有：(1)with＋宾语＋形容词；(2)with＋宾语＋副词；(3)with＋宾语＋介词短语；(4)with＋宾语＋动词的现在分词，表示动作正在进行，且宾语与动词是主动关系；(5)with＋宾语＋动词的过去分词，表示动作已经发生，且宾语与动词是被动关系；(6)with＋宾语＋动词不定式，表示动作还未发生。【经典练】①Shehadtowalkhomewithherbike______(steal)．自行车被偷了，她不得不走着回家。②Withthecrowds_______(cheer)，theydrovetothepalace.在人群的欢呼声中，他们开车去了宫殿。③Withnoone______(talk)to，Johnfeltmiserable.没有人可以交谈，约翰感到很痛苦。④______________(有那位老人带路)，wegottothetopofthemountaineasily.⑤Thevillageisbeautiful______________(树林都披上了银装)．⑥______________(有那么多的工作要做)，hewenttothefactoryaheadoftime.【好句背默】⑦Thethiefwasforcedintothepoststation______________.贼被双手捆绑着带进了派出所。考点17....youwillseehimeverytimeyougotothewindow...……每一次你走向窗户时，你就能看见他……everytime引导时间状语从句【拓展】(1)everytime是名词词组作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意为“每当……”，从句谓语常用一般现在时或一般过去时。(2)名词词组作连词用而且能引导时间状语从句的还有：anytime“任何时候”，nexttime“下次……时”，thelasttime“最后一次”，the＋序数词＋time“第……次”。(3)the＋瞬间名词(moment/minute/instant/second)意为“一……就……”(4)on/upondoingsth.“一……就……”【经典练】①______________(第一次)hecametothecity，hedecidedtosettlethere.他第一次来到这个城市，就决定在那里定居下来。②Youareweletoeback______________(任何时候)youwantto.你想什么时候回来都欢迎。③______________，we'dgreethimatthedoor.每一次他到家时，我们都会在门口迎接他。.考点18.Heisnomoreabsurdthanthemajorityofmen...他和大多数人一样都不可笑……no+比较级...than...不比……更……，和……一样不……【拓展】(1)not+比较级...than______________(2)nomorethan（=only）______________notmorethan（=atmost）______________(3)morethan______________lessthan______________【经典练】①Heis____________________________sheis.他和她一样知识都不是很渊博。②Youare______________heis.你不如他仔细。③Itis______________apieceofcakeandIbelieveIcansolveit.这只不过是小菜一碟，我相信我能解决。④Heearns______________2,000dollarsamonth.他每月所赚的钱不超过2000美元。【好句背默】⑤Youare______________heis.你和他一样不仔细。语法精讲——被动语态各种时态的被动语态形式(以do为例)时态被动语态一般现在时am/is/are＋done一般将来时will/shall/begoingto/beto＋be＋done现在进行时am/is/are＋being＋done一般过去时was/were＋done现在完成时have/has＋been＋done过去完成时had＋been＋done过去进行时was/were＋being＋done情态动词＋be＋done【自主发现】1.OndiscoveringthatMorrieisbeingweakenedbyasevereillness,MitchstartsvisitinghimathishouseonTuesdays.2.Afterfinishingit,IfeelIhavebeengivenadeeperinsightintotheworldandcanseethingsfromadifferentpointofview.3.Despiteitswidespreadrecognition,myfirstimpressionwasthatTuesdayswithMorrieisjustmadeupofacollectionofoveremotionalthoughtsandmessages,manyofwhicharerepeated.4.ThebookmademestopandthinkabouthowmuchIaminfluencedbypopularcultureandtheimportanceofcreatingmyownvaluesbasedonloveandopenmunication.5.Aboxoftissueswillbeneededtogetthroughthisbook!观察上面的句子可知，句子中的黑体部分都使用了___________表示不知道或没有必要指明动作的___________是谁时用被动语态；需要强调或突出动作的____________________或事件本身时也常用被动语态。语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。一、被动语态的构成形式1.被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：（1）am/is/are+done（过去分词）一般现在时例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.（2）has/havebeendone现在完成时例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeenpleted,andwe’rereadytostart.（3）am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere.（4）was/weredone一般过去时例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.（5）hadbeendone过去完成时例Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeenpletedinBeijing.（6）was/werebeingdone过去进行时例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.（7）shall/willbedone一般将来时例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.（8）should/wouldbedone过去将来时例Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier’smotherassoonasitarrived.（9）shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时（少用）例TheprojectwillhavebeenpletedbeforeJuly.（10）should/wouldhavebeendone过去将来完成时（少用）例Hetoldmethathisnewclotheswouldhavebeenmadeverysoon.2.被动语态的特殊结构形式（1）带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebabysitter.(2)动词不定式的被动形式动词不定式的被动形式有以下两种，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语：①一般式：tobedone(不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或者与其同时发生。)Itisanhonourtobechosenasavolunteer.能当选为志愿者是一件光荣的事情。②完成式：tohavebeendone(不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前)Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.据说这本书已经被译成多种语言。【经典练】1.Atthismoment,theplan_____________（discussed).2.Overthepasttwentyyears,greatprogress_____________（make)inChina.3.Thestudents_____________（give)someadvicebytheteacher.4.Attention,please.Allofyoustudentsshallremaininyourseatsuntilallthepapers__________（collect）.5.Ifyoubreakthetrafficrules,you_____________（fine).二、主动形式表被动意义的情况1.当clean、lock、open、sell、read、write、wash等作不及物动词时，表示主语的“品质”或“性能”。Thispenwritessmoothly.这支钢笔写起字来很流畅。Thedoorwon'tlock.这扇门锁不上。2.当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。Theopeningceremonywillstartat8:00tomorrowmorning.开幕式会在明天早晨8点开始。3.在need、deserve等词的后面常跟动名词，用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Hisoldcarwhichbreaksdownfrequentlyneedsrepairing/toberepaired.他那辆经常出故障的旧车需要修理了。4.“beworth+动名词”结构，用主动形式表示被动意义。Thebookisworthreadingagainandagain.这本书值得一读再读。5.某些连系动词，如look、sound、smell、feel、taste、prove等，要用主动形式表被动意义。Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.虽然这些鸟不以在野外使用工具而闻名，但事实证明这些鸟在笼子里可以熟练使用工具。6.在“be+adj.+todo”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语。Thenewwashingmachineiseasytooperate.新的洗衣机操作起来很简单。【经典练】补全句子①Theflowers______sweet.②Thiskindofcloth_________easily.③Ineed_________(go)homenow,becausemycoatneed_________（mend）三、使用被动语态时应注意的问题1.不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的不可用于被动语态的动词或动词短语有：happen，occur，appear，disappear，breakout，eture，eout，takeplace等；某些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态，常见的有lack，belongto，agreewith，consistof，turnout，runout等。2.接双宾语的动词变被动语态。有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例Myfriendgavemeaninterestingbookonmybirthday.→Aninterestingbookwasgiventome(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.→Iwasgivenaninterestingbook(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.3.在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.4.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.Theworkersweremadetowork(work)tenhoursaday.【经典练】将下列句子改为被动语态1．Sheboughtherfatheranewcoat.__________________________________________________________________________2.Youshouldmakefulluseofyoursparetimetodevelopyourinterests.____________________________________________________________________3.Iheardhersingintheclassroomafterschool._________________________________________________________________二．写作精讲——概要写作一、写作分析概要写作是对阅读理解和写作的综合考查，需要学生在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下，用精简的语句高度概括文章的主要内容和观点。二、写作步骤(1)仔细阅读并理解文章大意；(2)从宏观角度抓住主题句，忽略次要信息；(3)运用自己的语言高度概括文章，形成全文的概要。三、语言特点1.概要写作要求语言简洁明了、准确客观、忠实反映原文的核心2.尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。一、常用词汇1.整体介绍：pose;:classical;:novelist;famous;literature;masterpiece;create;popular;recognition;widespread...情节介绍：experience;;hardship;childhood;violence;despair;luxury;cruel;persistent;aboard;gradually;deadly;eventually;suffer;exchange;survive;rescue;injure;refuse;startwith;bringup;gothrough;fightagainst;dealwith;makesense;turnto...分析作品的意义并表达感受：significant；importance;treasure;cherish;peace;friendship;loyal;honest;effort;educate...二、常用句式1.Thenovelmainlytellsthestoryof..2.However,everythingbecamedifferentwhen...3.Despite...,he/shecontinueddoinghis/herworkandbecauseofthat,he/shelatergainedwiderespect.4.Thestorytellsushowimportant...istoushumansandinanycaseweshouldn't...5.Whatthenovelimpressesmemostis...假定你是李华，前几周英文阅读课上英语老师组织你们阅读了名著《鲁滨逊漂流记》(RobinsonCrusoe)。本周写作课上，老师要求你们写一篇关于这部名著的介绍，内容包括：1．简要介绍作品的作者及其文学地位；2．简要概括小说的故事情节；3．说明作者要表达的主题思想。注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。1．补全要点句(黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇和句式)第一步审题谋篇体裁概要写作时态一般现在时主题介绍名著《鲁滨逊漂流记》人称第三人称布局第一步：确定时态和人称第二步：用高度概括的语言介绍名著《鲁滨逊漂流记》第三步：提炼要点第二步要点翻译1.小说的主要人物RobinsonCrusoe是一个苏格兰人，他有雄心壮志，不满足于当下的舒适生活。RobinsonCrusoe,themaincharacterofthenovel,isaScotsman,________________andnotsatisfiedwithhispresentfortablelife.2.然而，在一次航海中，他遇到一些意外情况，被风浪带到了一个荒岛上。他与外界失去了联系，在岛上度过了艰苦的28年。However,onavoyage,heencounterssomeaccidents,andiscarriedtoadesertedislandbythewindandwaves,andhe____________________theoutsideworld,andspends28hardyears.3.相反，他用自己的双手和智慧克服了各种各样的困难，从而创造出了可以继续活下去的生存条件。Instead,____________________________heoveresvariousdifficultiestocreatethelivingconditions_______________.第三步词句升级1.用过去分词短语作状语RobinsonCrusoebyDanielDefoe,whichisbasedonatruestory,isoneoftheworld'smostpopularadventurenovels.→_____________________________RobinsonCrusoebyDanielDefoeisoneoftheworld'smostpopularadventurenovels.2.用sothat引导的结果状语从句Fortunately,heisfoundandrescuedeventually,andreunitedwithhisfamily,bringingtheabnormallifetoanend.→Fortunately,heisfoundandrescuedeventually___________________________bringingtheabnormallifetoanend.第四步连句成篇ASummaryofRobinsonCrusoe一、短语1.pointofview考虑角度；观点，看法2．