Unit1-A-land-of-diversity基础知识-新人教版选修

Unit1Alandofdiversity——重点单词1．meansn.[C]方法；手段(单复数同形)(1)means作为一个单复数同形的名词，常与主谓一致结合起来进行考查。要注意，means作主语时，前有every,each,one等修饰语时，谓语动词用单数；前有several,some,many,few,all等修饰语时，谓语动词用复数。meansn．手段；方法；meanv．意思是；打算byallmeans当然可以，一定，务必bymeansof依靠bynomeans绝不，一点也不bythismeans＝inthisway用这种方法meansoftravel/transportation交通方式way多与in连用，构成in...waymethod多与with连用，构成with...methodmeans多与by连用，构成by...meansapproach多与to连用，构成approachto...用means,method,way和approach的适当形式填空。(1)Hethoughtofanefficient________tothestudyofEnglishidioms.(2)Hesolvedtheproblembythis________.(3)Shetriedtofinda________tosolvethepuzzle.(4)Wehavenobetterideas,solet'stryyour________.(5)Bynomeans________suchagoodopportunity!A．shallImiss B．IshallmissC．missI D．Imiss2．majorityn.大多数；大半 点拨：(1)单独用作主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。Themajoritywas/wereagainsttheplan.大多数人反对这个计划。(2)单独用作主语，如果后面的表语是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数。Themajoritywhoattendedthemeetingyesterdayarestudents.昨天参加会议的大多数是学生。(3)Themajorityofeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(复数名词＋复数谓语动词,不可数名词＋单数谓语动词))Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.这次的损失大部分容易补救。完成句子(1).__________________(大多数学生觉得)quitehardtoliveontheamountofmoneytheyget.(2).Eventuallyhegaveintothewishofthe________.A．mostB．majorityC．average D．common(3).Lessthantwentypercentoftheemployeesintheircompanyarewomen.Thatistosay,womenareinthe________.A．majorityB．activityC．probability D．minority3．occurvi.发现；出现(occurred,occurred)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(sth.occurstosb.,sth.strikessb.,sth.comestosb.,Itoccurstosb.that­clause,Itstrikessb.that­clause,Ithitssb.that­clause))某人突然想起……以上结构中主语不能是人，而是想到什么事情或it作形式主语。①Theideaoccurredtohiminadream.这个主意是他在梦中想到的。②Itdidn'toccurtohertoaskforhelp.她没想到请别人帮忙。③Itoccurredtoherthatshemightadoptahomelesschild.她突然想她可能会收养一个无家可归的孩子。④Hernamejustdidnotoccurtomymemory.我就是想不起她的名字。[运用提升] (1).Itsuddenly________tomethatwecouldusethecomputertodothejob.A．struck B．occurredC．happened D．saw(2).—Whyareyousolate?—Iwasinhalfthewaywhenit________tomethatIhadleftmynotebookhome，soIhadtofetchit.A．occurredB．hitC．happened D．reminded(3).Ithadnever________tohimthathemightbefallinginlovewithher.A．takenplace B．occurredC．comeabout D．brokenout重点短语：1．takein包括；吸收；理解；欺骗takein包括；吸收takeafter长相或举止像(某个长辈)takeapart拆开；拆散takeas看作，认为takeaway拿走；使停止，使离开；使消失；减去takeback承认说错了(话)，收回(诺言，话语)takedown拿下，取下；记下来takein接待(某人)留宿；欺瞒，欺骗；充分理解，掌握taketo喜欢上takeoff起飞；请假；开始有成就；开始受欢迎；开始成名takeover接管takeon开始雇用；开始具有或呈现……面貌；承担(责任等)takeup开始花时间从事(某项活动)；对……产生兴趣；开始学习(某课程)，选修；占用了(时间或空间)takeachance碰碰运气，冒……风险take...bysurprise奇袭；出其不意做某事，使惊奇（1）Theseteenagersdon'tknowmuchoftheworldyet;that'swhytheyweresoeasily________.A．takenin B．takenupC．takenonD．takenoff（2）Theseteenagersdon'tknowmuchoftheworldyet;that'swhytheyweresoeasily________.A．takenin B．takenupC．takenon D．takenoff2．keepup坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)keepupwith不落后；跟得上keepaway(使)远离keepback隐瞒(某事)；扣，留下keepdown控制，抑制(某事物)keepon(doing)继续(干)keepout(of)阻止进入；不卷入，避开（1）—Howlongdoyouthinktheterriblesnowwill________？—Sorry,Ididn'tlistentotheweatherforecast.A．keepout B．keeponC．keepup D．keepaway（2）Youmust________agoodstateofmind.A．keepup B．takeupC．makeup D．setup3．applyfor申请；请示得到eq\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(1\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(applyto适用于,apply...to...把……应用到……))))(2)applyoneselfto(doing)sth.专注于；专心做某事①Youcan’tapplyforthejobuntilyouhavesatisfiedcertainconditions.在符合一定的条件之后你才能申请这一份工作。②Wehadtoapplytothegovernmentforfinancialhelp.我们只好向政府申请财务援助。③Whatyousaiddoesn’tapplytome.你所说的并不适合我。④HeappliedhimselftolearningEnglish.他专心学英语。（1）TotraveltotheUnitedStates，youmustfirstapply________theAmericanEmbassy________yourvisa.A．for；toB．to；forC．for；for D．to；to（2）．Hewouldliketo________thepositionasasalesmanadvertisedinthenewspaperyesterday.A．waitfor B．standforC．searchfor D．applyfor4.agreatmany很多，许多(修饰可数名词)=1\*GB3①tseemsthatagreat/goodmanyofthemareoutofworknow.似乎他们中的许多人现在失业了。=2\*GB3②Agreatmanyofusdon’tlikespeakingEnglishinclass.我们当中许多人不喜欢在课堂上讲英语。agood/greatmany后接复数名词，但agood/greatmany后接of时，必须加限定词，如these/those/the/one’s等，然后再加名词复数。（1）.________thehouseswereknockeddownintheearthquake.A．Agreatmany B．ThenumberofC．Agreatmanyof D．Agreatdealof5.makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等归纳拓展cometolife变得更有趣；变得活跃live/leada．..life过着……生活comebacktolife苏醒过来，恢复生机bring...backtolife使……苏醒过来make/startanewlife开始新生活Thematchfinallycame_to_lifeinthesecondhalf.比赛在下半场终于精彩起来。完成句子Theyoungmenintheruralareashavetoleaveforbigcitiesto________________(谋生)．6．markout划线标出……的界限There'safascinatingdrivemarkedoutfortourists.有一种专为旅游者选定的迷人的驾车旅游活动。Avolleyballcourthadbeenmarkedoutonthegrass.排球场已经在草坪上画出来了。markdown记下；减价；给低分markup涨价；提高分数markoff用界限隔开mark...with用……在某物上做标记bemarkedwith标有……的标志练习：（1）Wemust________thetenniscourtreadyforthematchthesedays.A．flowout B．comeoutC．markout D．pointout（2）Avolleyballcourthadbeen________________(标出……界线)onthegrass.重点句型：1．Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。句中的why引导的为表语从句，注意以下句式区别：(1)That'swhy...那就是为什么……(why从句表示结果)(2)That'sbecause...那是因为……(because从句表示原因)(3)Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...……的原因是……(表语从句常用that引导,而不用because)①Tomcamelateforthemeeting.Thatwasbecausehewasill.汤姆开会迟到了，那是他病了。②Tomwasill.Thatwaswhyhecamelateforthemeeting.汤姆病了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。③ThereasonwhyTomcamelateforthemeetingwasthathewasill.汤姆开会迟到的原因是他病了。[运用提升]（1）ThereasonwhyIdidn'tgotoFrancewas________anewjob.A．becauseIgot B．becauseofgettingC．Igot D．thatIgot（2）—HaveyouheardthenewsthathewasadmittedintoBeijingUniversity?—Yes，that’s________heworkedsohardallthetime，sohiseffortspaidoff.A．why B．becauseC．how D．what（3）Isthisthereason________sheexplainedinthereportforhersuccessinthejob?A．what B．thatC．how D．why2．However，it_is_likely_thatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.然而，土著美国人有可能在一万五千年前就在加州生活着。【点津】本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。Itislikelythat...……是可能的，此句型可转化为：sb./sth.belikelytodosth.某人/物可能做某事。①She’sverylikelytoringmetonight.＝It’sverylikelythatshewillringmetonight.她今晚很可能给我打电话。②Itislikelythattheweatherwillbefine.＝Theweatheris_likely_to_be_fine.天气可能会很晴朗。possible，probable，likely在搭配上的区别：①Itispossible/probable/likelythat从句②Itispossibleforsb.todosth.③Sb./Sth.islikelytodosth.练习：（1）Look,darkcloudsaregathering.It's________torainsoon.A．probable B．possibleC．likely D．perhaps（2）Studiesshowthatpeoplearemore________tosufferfrombackproblemsiftheyalwayssitbeforecomputerscreensforlonghours.A．likely B．possibleC．probable D．sure=1\*ROMANI.单词拼写1．Itwas________(显然的)thatthesuccessfullaunchofShenzhouⅧdrewtheworld'sattention.2．The________(大多数)ofpeopleinterviewedpreferredTVtoradio.3．The________(改革)ofteachingmethodshelpstotheimprovementofteachingquality.4．Asmanyas200,000headof________(牛)areraisedinthisarea,whicharelikelytoleadtothedamageoftheenvironment.5．Many________(申请人)appliedforthewellpaidjob,butnoneofthemwereacceptedbythecompany.6．Ahighfever________(表明)thataperson'sbodyisfightingdisease.7．Theoldman________(滑倒)ontheicyroadandbrokehisleg.8．Heishappythathewas________(选举)monitorattheclassmeetingyesterday.9．Shehadlookedeverywhereforherchildrenbuttheywere________(到处都无)tobefound,whichmadeherveryworried.10．Whatdoesitcostto________(租)acarforaweek?=2\*ROMANII.词义辨析1．Testingisstilltheusual________bywhichstudents'progressismeasured.A．way B．methodC．manner D．means2．Aswecansee,inthenursingprofession,womenareinthe________.A．majorityB．nationalityC．identity D．possession3．What________ofbabiesdieofthisdiseaseinAfricancountrieseveryyear?A．percentage B．amountC．number D．quantity4．Asthewageswerelow,therewerefew________forthejob.A．enterprises B．applicantsC．purchases D．profits5．Isawinthepaperthatanotherearthquakehad________inSichuan,causingmanydeaths.A．slipped B．reactedC．occurred D．occupied6．Thebell________theendoftheclassrang,interruptingourheateddiscussion.A．inserting B．indicatingC．governing D．reflecting7．Itwas________fromherfacethatshewasreallyupset.Betterleaveheralone.A．racial B．abundantC．flexible D．apparent8．Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldsheletit________away?A．drill B．clickC．scan D．slip9．Heearnedhislivingby________himselfouttowhoeverneededhisservices.A．dragging B．adaptingC．hiring D．banning10．She________herkeyintothelock,turneditbutthelockwouldn'topen.A．inserted B．adoptingC．stressing D．abusing1.：(1)approach(2)means(3)way(4)methodA[解析]bynomeans置于句首，句子采用部分倒装。2.答案：(1).Themajorityofstudentsfindit(2).[答案]B(3).答案：Di