河北省保定市部分高中2024-2025学年高二下学期开学英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河北省保定市部分高中2024-2025学年高二下学期开学英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhokeepsHarryPotteratpresent?A.Theman. B.John. C.Mary.【答案】C【原文】W:Ifyoudonotmind,mayIborrowyourbookHarryPotterafteryouaredonewithit?M:JohnwillborrowitafterIgetitbackfromMary.YouarewelcometohaveitonceJohnisfinished.Johnisafastreader.Hewillfinishitinnotime.2.Howwillthemancelebratehisbirthday?A.Bygoingonapicnic.B.Bywatchingafootballmatch.C.Byinvitinghisworkmatesover.【答案】A【原文】W:Whatareyougoingtodoforyourbirthday?M:Iamgoingtohaveapicnicinthepark.Iwanttoinviteallmyclassmatesfromcollegeandmyfootballteammembers.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Lifestyles. B.Anactor. C.Amovie.【答案】B【原文】M:TomCruiseplaystheroleofasuccessfulNewYorklawyerwholearnsthatlifeisnotassimpleashethoughtinthemovie.W:Absolutelyright.M:Ireallylikehim.Heissohandsome.4.WhatwillJanedo?A.Finishherhomework. B.Gotoaconcert. C.Joinaband.【答案】B【原文】M:HeyJane.Thereisamusicalconcertinthepark.Doyouwanttoseethebandplay?W:Ihavefinishedmyhomework,soIcanjoinyou.5.Whatdoesthewomanimplyabouttherestaurant?A.Itisverypopular.B.Itiseasytobookatable.C.Itonlyacceptsreservations.【答案】A【原文】W:Whereareyoutakingyourwifeforyourweddinganniversary?M:IthoughtI’dtakehertotheFrenchrestaurantdowntown.Wehaven’tbeenthereyet.W:Besuretomakereservations.Theyarealwaysfullybookedsincetheyopened.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.Howlongdidthefestivallast?A.15days. B.9days. C.8days.7.WhatdidSusandoduringthefestival?A.Shesawfilmsfromdifferentcountries.B.Shedidsomevolunteerworkattheaters.C.Sheparticipatedinthefilmingofamovie.【答案】6.C7.A【原文】M:Susan,didyougotothe2023BeijingInternationalFilmFestival?W:Yes.ThefestivalbeganonApril22ndanddidn’tenduntilApril29th.Iwasinthecityallthetime.M:Howmanyfilmscompetedforthisyear’sTiantanAward?W:15.Theywereselectedfromrecord-breaking1,488filmsfrom93countriesandregionsthathadappliedforthecompetition.M:Didyouwatchmanyfilmsonthosedays?W:Yes.Duringthefestival,over160internationalfilmsofdiversethemeswerescreenedin27theatersinthecity.Iwatchedtwofilmsonaveragedaily.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatisthemandoing?A.Preparingforaconference.B.Workingoutaschedule.C.Sharingamarketingplan.9.Whendoesthemanplantogoonholiday?A.Insummer. B.Inautumn. C.Inwinter.【答案】8.B9.A【原文】M:Areyoutakinganyvacationtimeinthenextfewmonths?W:I’mnotsure.Whydoyouask?M:I’mtryingtocreateascheduleofvacations,sowecanplanbetter.W:Well,IwasthinkingofgoingawayinOctober,butIdon’thaveanyplansyet.M:It’sonlyJanuarynow,soIguesswedon’thavetoworryaboutthat.W:Ican’tgobeforethen.IhavetowaittillthemarketingconferenceisoverinSeptember.M:AndIhavetogoinJulyorAugustwhenmykidsareoutofschool.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。10.WhatisJack’sattitudetowardwriting?A.Enjoyable. B.Serious. C.Casual.11.WhendidJackusetobeginwritingasateacher?A.Inthemorning. B.Intheafternoon. C.Intheevening.12.WhatdoesJackusuallydofromMondaytoSaturday?A.Hegoesswimming. B.Hegoesforawalk. C.Hegoesrunning.13.WheredoesJackusuallywrite?A.Inhisoffice. B.Inthebedroom. C.Inthesittingroom.【答案】10.B11.C12.C13.A【原文】W:Today,writerJackSpearsisgoingtosharehiswritingwithus.Jack,somepeoplethinkthatwriterswritewhentheyfeellikewritingandthatitismorelikeahobbythanajob.Doyouagree?M:Ofcoursenot.Althoughit’sonlyrecentlythatwritinghasbecomemyonlyjob,I’veneverseenitasahobby.EvenwhenIwasachild,Itookmystoriesveryseriously.WhenIwasateacher,Iusedtostartwritingatabout9o’clockintheevening,andgoonuntilabouttwointhemorning.W:Andwhataboutnow?M:Igetupatseveninthemorningsixdaysaweekandgofora30-minuterun.OnSundaysIgoswimming.Alwayssittingatacomputerissounhealthy.Ithinkallwritersshouldatleastgoforawalkduringtheirworkingday.W:Wheredoyouwrite?M:Ihavemyownoffice,butsometimesIwriteinthebedroom,inthesittingroom,anywhereinthehouseifIwantto,evenonthekitchentable.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Schoolmates.15.Whatproblemisthemanfacingnow?A.Howtochoosehismajor.B.Howtolookforajob.C.Howtoapplytoacollege.16.Whatdoesthemanwanttobe?A.Abiologist. B.AnITengineer. C.Adoctor.17.WhatdoesAlicesuggestthemando?A.Giveuphisidea.B.Attendsomelectures.C.Haveatalkwithhisfather.【答案】14.C15.A16.B17.C【原文】M:Hi,Alice.Howareyoutoday?W:Iamquitefine.Ijustfinishedmymathclass.Whataboutyou?Youlooksoupsettoday.M:Yeah,Iamalittlebitconfusedaboutmyfuture.Ican’tdecidewhichmajortochoose.W:Oh,Isee.Whatdoyouthinkisbestforyou?M:Myfatherisadoctorandhewantsmetobecomeadoctor.Hehasadvisedmetostudybiologyincollege.Ihaveattendedafewlecturesofbiology,butIdon’tthinkIlikeit.W:Soyouareinterestedinmath,aren’tyou?M:No,notreally.IaminterestedinITandcomputer.YouknowIlovetobeamongtechnologicalproducts.IhaveagoodknowledgeoftheInternet.W:Haveyoutalkedtoyourfatheraboutit?M:No,notyet.Actually,Iamafraidoftalkingtomyfatheraboutit.W:Look,thisisthematterofyourfuture.Justtrytoconvincehimtoacceptyourpointofview.M:Thankyouforyouradvice.Oh,myclassisabouttostartin5minutes.Seeyou.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.Whichfieldisvirtualrealitywidelyusedin?A.Education. B.Entertainment. C.Healthcare.19.WhatareXingeYuandhiscolleaguestryingtodo?A.ImprovethetouchofVR.B.Makehearingadvanced.C.BringsmellintoVR.20.Wherecanpeoplelearnmoreaboutthedesign?A.Inajournal. B.Inamovie. C.OnaTVshow.【答案】18.B19.C20.A【原文】W:Virtualrealityisalreadywidespreadinentertainmentandisstartingtospreadtofieldsrangingfromeducationtohealthcare.Butwhilevisionandhearingareextremelyadvanced,andtouchisimproving,onekeysensehasbeenmissingfromthevirtualworld:smell.Thatmaybeabouttochange.EngineerXingeYuoftheCityUniversityofHongKongandhiscolleagueshavedevelopedalight,flexibleandwirelessdevicethatcanpreciselydeliversmellssuchaspineappleorgreentea.VRuserscanfullyimmerseinafragrantvirtualworld.“BringingsmellintoVRexpandsitintoanotherdimension,”Yusays.Theteam’sdesignwasdescribedinapaper.ItwaspublishedinajournalcalledNatureCommunications.Akeyadvantageofthisdesignisthatitcancontrolsmellintensity.Onedemonstrationinthestudywaswhenawomaninafour-dimensionalmoviebroughtaroseuptohernose,theintensityofthesmellincreased.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThreeMostBeautifulDesertsintheWorldDesertsaremysteriouslandscapesthatcovernearlyone-thirdofEarth’ssurface.Thesearesomeoftheworld’smostbeautifuldesertsthatyoucanseewhiletraveling.SalardeUyuni,BoliviaSalardeUyuniistheworld’slargestsaltdesertandatrulymysticalplacetovisit.Tensofthousandsofyearsago,thisregionwaspartofaprehistoriclake.However,theselakesdriedupandleftbehindtwonewsmallerlakesandtheseexpansivesaltflats.Anestimated10billiontonsofsaltcanbefoundinthisdesert.PaintedDesert,Arizona,USAThePaintedDesertofArizonagotitsnamefromthevibrantred,orange,blue,andpurplecolorspaintedacrossthelandscape.Lessthan10inchesofrainfallhereeachyear,andthecolorswerecreatedbymineralsintheclayandsandstonerock.Therearelotsofgreattrailstohikethroughthisdesert,especiallyatsunsetwhenthecolorsareondisplay.PinnaclesDesert,AustraliaYou’llneedtoheadtotheNambungNationalParkinWesternAustraliatoexperiencethePinnaclesDesertforyourself.Thisdesertgetsitsnamefromthebeautifulspires(尖顶)madeofrockthatrisefromthesanddunes(沙丘).Therockformationsherehavebeenweatheredsomuchovertimetoundeniablystandoutamongthegentleyellowsanddunes.SharethisstoryShareonFacebookShareonTwitterShareonPinterest21.Whatdothefirsttwodesertshaveincommon?A.Richminerals. B.Diversecolors.C.Expansiveflats. D.Countlesstrails.22.WhydoesPinnaclesDesertgetitsname?A.Foritssanddunes. B.Foritsspecialshape.C.Foritslonghistory. D.Foritsunusualweather.23.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Atravelbrochure. B.Ageographytextbook.C.Afashionmagazine. D.Atripdiscoveryplatform.【答案】21.A22.B23.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上最美丽的三个沙漠。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“However,theselakesdriedupandleftbehindtwonewsmallerlakesandtheseexpansivesaltflats.Anestimated10billiontonsofsaltcanbefoundinthisdesert.(然而，这些湖泊干涸了，留下了两个新的较小的湖泊和这些广阔的盐滩。据估计，在这片沙漠中可以发现100亿吨盐)”及第三段“Lessthan10inchesofrainfallhereeachyear,andthecolorswerecreatedbymineralsintheclayandsandstonerock.(这里每年的降雨量不到10英寸，这些颜色是由粘土和砂岩中的矿物质形成的)”可知，这两个沙漠的矿物质都很丰富，其中盐是矿物质的一种。故选A。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Thisdesertgetsitsnamefromthebeautifulspires(尖顶)madeofrockthatrisefromthesanddunes(沙丘).(这个沙漠的名字来源于沙丘上美丽的尖塔)”可知，PinnaclesDesert因其特殊的形状而得名。故选B。【23题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“ShareonFacebookShareonTwitterShareonPinterest(点击以下选项以便在Facebook,Twitter,Pinterest上分享)”可知，文章末尾提供了三个分享点击选项，鼓励看到这篇文章的人在网上进行分享。由此推知，本文最有可能摘自网站，即旅行发现平台。故选D。BThispastyearI’vebeenwithtwolovedonesatthetimeoftheirpassing.Thefirstpassing,lastSeptember,wasthatofmybelovedfather-in-lawat91,afterhislengthybattlewithParkinson’sdisease.Morerecently,IwasintheroomwhenmydearfriendThomasSteinbeckpassedawayattheageof72afteralongbattlewithCOPD(慢阻肺).ThereweremomentswhenIwantedtothankthemforallthey’ddonefortheirlovedones,aswellashumanityatlarge,buttherewerealsotimesduringtheirmorelucidmomentswhenIlongedtohavethemanswersomedeepphilosophicalquestions.Theybothknewtheyweredying,andbecauseoftheirgenerousspirits,theywouldhavetoldmeanythingIwantedtoknow.Infact,Thomtoldmeafewweeksbeforehispassingthathedidn’thavemuchtimeleft.WhileIknewhewasstrugglingwithhisbreathing,Iwasindenial.Itoldhimthathe’dsurvivedtheVietnamWarandanumberofhealthchallenges,andwouldsurvivethissetbackaswell.Lookingback,Ithinkhewasgivingmeanopeningtotalktohimasifheweredying.Thedeathofthesetwolovedoneshastaughtmealot.Ittaughtmetobeevenmoremindfulinthefuture,andcarefully“listentothemessages”thedyingareconveyingtome.HadIdoneso,ImighthavehadafinalconfirmationofwhatImeanttothesemen,althoughinsomewaysIalreadyknewbecausetheywerethetypeofindividualswhowerealwaysopenandstraightforwardwithrespecttowhattheybelievedin.Knowinghearingisthefinalsensetogo,Ididtakethechancetotellthemhowmuchtheymeanttome,andhowmuchIlovedthem,andforthatIamgrateful.24.Whatdotheauthor’stwolovedoneshaveincommon?A.Theyweretheauthor’sfamilymembers.B.Theysufferedfromlong-termillnesses.C.Theylosttheirlivesinthesameyear.D.Theywereextremelyafraidofdeath.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninparagraph2?A.Abletothinkclearly. B.Eagertowalkaround.C.Willingtohelpothers. D.Bravetofacethefuture.26.WhydidThomtelltheauthorhewasdying?A.Hecouldnolongeraccompanytheauthor.B.Hedesiredtomakehisbreathingsmooth.C.Hewasingreatneedoftheauthor’scare.D.Hewantedtohaveachatwiththeauthor.27.Whatdiddeathteachtheauthoraboutliving?A.Deathisatimeforloveandforgiveness.B.Thosewhoaredyingareeagertoshare.C.Hearingisthefinalsensetodisappear.D.Itisvitaltosaywhatcomesnaturally.【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从岳父、朋友的离世明白了一个人生道理。即要关注他们生前想要传递的信息，要及时表达自己对他们的感激和爱。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“ThispastyearI’vebeenwithtwolovedonesatthetimeoftheirpassing.Thefirstpassing,lastSeptember,wasthatofmybelovedfather-in-lawat91,afterhislengthybattlewithParkinson’sdisease.Morerecently,IwasintheroomwhenmydearfriendThomasSteinbeckpassedawayattheageof72afteralongbattlewithCOPD(慢阻肺).(在过去的一年里，我一直陪伴着两位逝去的亲人。第一次离世是去年9月，我深爱的岳父在与帕金森氏症长期斗争后去世，享年91岁。最近，我亲爱的朋友ThomasSteinbeck在与慢性阻塞性肺病长期斗争后去世，享年72岁。)”可知，这两位逝去的亲朋挚友的共同之处是两者都患有长期疾病。故选B。【25题详析】词义猜测题。根据划线单词的下文“whenIlongedtohavethemanswersomedeepphilosophicalquestions.Theybothknewtheyweredying,andbecauseoftheirgenerousspirits,theywouldhavetoldmeanythingIwantedtoknow.(这时我渴望他们回答一些深刻的哲学问题。他们都知道自己快死了，由于他们的慷慨，他们会告诉我任何我想知道的事情。)”可知，此处when引导的从句内容在补充说明themoments，即我希望在他们思维清醒的时刻向他们提问一些深刻的哲学问题，并渴望他们回答。由此可以推断划线单词lucid的含义是“思维清醒，思路清晰”。故选A。【26题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Lookingback,Ithinkhewasgivingmeanopeningtotalktohimasifheweredying.(现在回想起来，我觉得他是在给我一个机会，让我把他当垂死的人一样跟他说话。)”可知，Thom在临终前告诉作者他即将离世，是想跟作者聊聊天，说说话。故选D。【27题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thedeathofthesetwolovedoneshastaughtmealot.Ittaughtmetobeevenmoremindfulinthefuture,andcarefully“listentothemessages”thedyingareconveyingtome.HadIdoneso,ImighthavehadafinalconfirmationofwhatImeanttothesemen,althoughinsomewaysIalreadyknewbecausetheywerethetypeofindividualswhowerealwaysopenandstraightforwardwithrespecttowhattheybelievedin.Knowinghearingisthefinalsensetogo,Ididtakethechancetotellthemhowmuchtheymeanttome,andhowmuchIlovedthem,andforthatIamgrateful.(这两位亲人的离世教会了我很多。它教会了我在未来要更加专注，并仔细地“倾听”临终者传递给我的信息。如果我这样做了，我可能会最终确认我对这些人意味着什么，尽管在某些方面我已经知道了，因为他们是那种对自己的信仰总是开放和坦率的人。我知道听力是最后失去的感官，但我确实抓住机会告诉他们，他们对我有多重要，我有多爱他们，为此我很感激。)”可知，作者认为，如果自己认真听了临终之人传递的信号，最终自己就能够确认自己对他们而言意味着什么。最终，作者也的确抓住机会告诉了他们：他们对自己而言很重要，自己也很爱他们。由此可见，这些都是作者在面对两人即将离世之时想说的，因此推断，说出那些自然而然就出现在脑海中的话是很重要的，不要在临终时留下遗憾。故选D。CWendySuzuki,aProfessorofNeuralScienceandPsychologyintheCenterforNeuralScienceatNewYorkUniversity,oncesaidinaTEDtalkinreferencetoexercisethat“Simplymovingyourbodyhasimmediate,long-lastingandprotectivebenefitsforyourbrain”.Whenyousimplylookatthecorrelationbetweenpeoplethatexerciseandhappiness,it’shardtosaywhetherexercisemakesonehappyorwhetherhappypeopletendtoexercisemore.OnestudyofStanfordUniversitystudent-athletesactuallyfoundthathappinessforthisgroupwasmorearesultoftheirpersonalitythanitwasofathleticskills.However,theUniversityofVermontfoundthatjust20minutesofexercisecanboostsomeone’smoodforupto12hours.Sonexttimeyou’refeelingdown,gofora20-minuterunorgymsessionandreaptherewardsforthenext11hours.Exercisedoesalotofthingstothebrain.You’veprobablyheardofendorphins,right?Thesearehormones(激素)thatareproducedbythecentralnervoussystemandthepituitaryglandwithinthebrain.Theirmainjobistostopthetransmissionofpainsignals,buttheyalsoproduceafeelingoreuphoria.Thisiswhatmakesyoufeelhappierinstantly,andtheeffectswilllastagoodamountoftime.Endorphinsaretheonly“feel-good”chemicalsreleasedthroughexercisingthough.Yourbodywillalsoproduceserotonin,norepinephrine,BDNFanddopamine,therewardchemical.Thecombinationofthesefivechemicalswillboostyourmood,andhavebeenprovedtohelptorelievebothanxietyanddepression.Exercisedoesn’tjustproducemorehormonesthough,itactuallyhelpstoreducethelevelsofcortisolandadrenalineinthebody.Bothofthesechemicalsinhighlevelscancausestress.Sosimplybyreducingthese,you’llbeabletoreducethestressyourbrainfeels.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatreducingnegativechemicalsandincreasingpositivechemicalsresultinahugeshifttowardsfeelinghappier.28.Whatdothetwofindingsinparagraph2haveincommon?A.Theyrevealapositivepersonalityisimportant.B.Theytendtolinkhappinesswithathleticskills.C.Theyshowwhatmakesagoodmoodpossible.D.Theyproveoptimisticpeopleexercisemore.29.Howdoendorphinscheerpeopleup?A.Bystoppingpainsignalsfromproducing.B.Byproducingvariouspositivechemicals.C.Byregulatingtheactivityofbadfeelings.D.Byslowlyincreasingthehappinesslevel.30.Whichisimpliedaboutendorphinsaccordingtothepassage?A.TheycanworkandexistwithBDNF.B.Theyreducethequantitiesofcortisol.C.Theyarereleasedonlyduringexercise.D.Theycanabsorbotherpositivehormones.31.Whatisthesuitabletitleforthetext?A.Whatendorphinsaremadeupof?B.Howaworkoutmakesyoudelighted?C.Whyexercisehelpsprotectyourbrain?D.Whichchemicalspushyoutoexercise?【答案】28.C29.C30.A31.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了运动如何让人变得更快乐。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“OnestudyofStanfordUniversitystudent-athletesactuallyfoundthathappinessforthisgroupwasmorearesultoftheirpersonalitythanitwasofathleticskills.However,TheUniversityofVermontfoundthatjust20minutesofexercisecanboostsomeone’smoodforupto12hours.Sonexttimeyou’refeelingdown,gofora20-minuterunorgymsessionandreaptherewardsforthenext11hours.(一项针对斯坦福大学（StanfordUniversity）学生运动员的研究发现，这群人的快乐更多地是由他们的个性决定的，而不是运动技能。然而，佛蒙特大学发现，仅仅20分钟的运动就能让人的情绪振奋长达12个小时。所以下次你情绪低落的时候，去跑个20分钟或去健身房锻炼一下，在接下来的11个小时里有所收获)”可知，两个发现的共同之处是，他们都展示了怎样才能有一个好心情。故选C。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Exercisedoesalotofthingstothebrain.You’veprobablyheardofendorphins,right?Thesearehormones(激素)thatareproducedbythecentralnervoussystemandthepituitaryglandwithinthebrain.Theirmainjobistostopthetransmissionofpainsignals,buttheyalsoproduceafeelingoreuphoria.Thisiswhatmakesyoufeelhappierinstantly,andtheeffectswilllastagoodamountoftime.(运动对大脑有很多影响。你可能听说过内啡肽，对吧？这些激素是由中枢神经系统和脑下垂体产生的。它们的主要作用是阻止疼痛信号的传递，但它们也会产生一种欢快感。这会让你立刻感到快乐，而且效果会持续很长一段时间)”可知，内啡肽可以阻止疼痛信号的传递，并产生一种欢快感，让人感到快乐，由此可知内啡肽可以调节不良情绪。故选C。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Endorphinsaretheonly“feel-good”chemicalsreleasedthroughexercisingthough.Yourbodywillalsoproduceserotonin,norepinephrine,BDNFanddopamine,therewardchemical.Thecombinationofthesefivechemicalswillboostyourmood,andhavebeenprovedtohelptorelievebothanxietyanddepression.(内啡肽是唯一通过锻炼释放的“感觉良好”的化学物质。你的身体也会产生血清素、去甲肾上腺素、BDNF和多巴胺，这是一种奖励化学物质。这五种化学物质的结合会改善你的情绪，并已被证明有助于缓解焦虑和抑郁)”可知，内啡肽可以与BDNF一起工作和共存。故选A。【31题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段“WendySuzuki,aProfessorofNeuralScienceandPsychologyintheCenterforNeuralScienceatNewYorkUniversity,oncesaidinaTEDtalkinreferencetoexercisethat“Simplymovingyourbodyhasimmediate,long-lastingandprotectivebenefitsforyourbrain”.(纽约大学神经科学中心的神经科学和心理学教授WendySuzuki曾在TED演讲中谈到锻炼时说：“简单地运动一下你的身体，对你的大脑有直接、持久和保护的好处。”)”可知，文章主要讲述运动如何让人变得更快乐。因此B项“锻炼如何让你开心”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。DThedistinctionbetweenbiologicallyprimaryandbiologicallysecondaryknowledgedescribedbyGearyisaninstructionallyimportantcategorisationmethod.Biologicallyprimaryknowledgeisknowledgewe,asaspecies,havespecificallyevolvedtoacquireovergenerations.Primaryskills,suchaslearninggeneralproblemsolvingstrategies,recognisingfaces,communicationthroughlisteningandspeakinganativelanguage,andsocialrelationsincludingourabilitytocommunicatewitheachother,aremodular,witheachskilllikelytohaveevolvedduringdifferentevolutionaryperiods.Wecanacquireprimaryknowledge,easily,unconsciously,andwithoutconcreteinstructionmerelybymembershipinagroup.Theabilitytoacquirevastaspectsoftheculturewegrowupinisbiologicallyprimary.Nevertheless,inmostcultures,therearemanyconceptsandproceduresthatwehavenotspecificallyevolvedtoacquiresuchasreading,doingmathematics,workingwithacomputer,orsearchingtheinternet.Thosebiologicallysecondaryskillsareacquiredconsciously,oftenrequiringconsiderableeffort.Unlikeprimaryknowledgeandskills,obviousinstructionisimportantwhendealingwithsecondaryknowledgeandskills,orthisknowledgeacquisitionwillbeseverelycompromised.Unlikethegeneric-cognitive(通用认知的)skillsthattendtobebiologicallyprimary,biologicallysecondaryskillstendtobefield-specific.Examplesofbiologicallysecondaryskillsincludealmosteverythingthatistaughtineducationandtraininginstitutions.Thedistinctionbetweenprimary,generic-cognitiveknowledgeandsecondary,field-specificknowledgeexplainswhyinformationtendstobeacquireddifferentlyoutsideasopposedtoinsideeducationalcontexts.Weuseprimaryknowledgetofacilitateacquiringsecondaryknowledge.Forexample,tolearngeometryinatraditionalclassorusingcomputer-supportedmaterialrequiresprimaryskillssuchasvisualrecognition,attention,andsensesaboutspace,timeandsequence,tonameafew.Inthisway,thetheoreticalmachineryofevolutionaryeducationalpsychologycanbeusedtosuggestthattheprimary,generic-cognitiveknowledgeassociatedwithcooperativelearningmay,undersomecircumstances,improvetheacquisitionofthebiologicallysecondary,field-specificknowledgethatistaught.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph2mean?A.Consistingofseparateparts. B.Lookinglikeapieceofcake.C.Witnessingconstantchanges. D.Servingaslong-termabilities.33.Whatisthefeatureofprimaryskills?A.Theyaimstosolverareproblems.B.Theyareacquiredwhenoneisborn.C.Theyrequirenoformalteaching.D.Theyaretheproductofobservation.34.Whichwritingwaydoesthetextskipwhenleadingsecondaryskills?A.Posingcontrasts. B.Quotingfigures.C.Givingdefinitions. D.Showingexamples.35.Howdoprimaryskillshelpsecondaryknowledgeacquisition?A.Byfindingtheirsimilarities.B.Bylayingasolidfoundation.C.Bybetteringlearners’focus.D.Byofferingafamiliarsetting.【答案】32.A33.C34.B35.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述的是生物性初级知识与生物性次级知识的区别，以及这两种知识在学习和教育中的重要性。【32题详析】词句猜测题。由第二段的“Primaryskills,suchaslearninggeneralproblemsolvingstrategies,recognisingfaces,communicationthroughlisteningandspeakinganativelanguage,andsocialrelationsincludingourabilitytocommunicatewitheachother(基本技能，比如学习一般的解决问题的策略，识别面孔，通过听和说母语进行交流，以及社会关系，包括我们相互沟通的能力)”和“witheachskilllikelytohaveevolvedduringdifferentevolutionaryperiods(每种技能都可能在不同的进化时期进化而来)”可知，每个初级技能可能在不同的进化时期进化。这句话的重点在于different，也就是说每个初级技能有自己对应要掌握的阶段，这些不同的阶段构成了不同的部分或模块，划线词modular的意思是“模块化”，和consistingofseparateparts意思相近。故选A。【33题详析】细节理解题。由第二段的“Wecanacquireprimaryknowledge,easily,unconsciously,andwithoutconcreteinstructionmerelybymembershipinagroup.(我们可以很容易地、不自觉地获得基本知识，而不需要具体的指导，仅仅是作为一个群体的成员。)”可知，我们可以很容易地、无意识地获取初级知识，只加入一个群体即可，不需要具体的讲授。故选C。【34题详析】推理判断题。由第一段“Biologicallyprimaryknowledgeisknowledgewe,asaspecies,havespecificallyevolvedtoacquireovergenerations.(生物学上的初级知识是我们作为一个物种，经过几代人的进化而获得的知识。)”可知，文中用了下定义的方法；由第三段“Nevertheless,inmostcultures,therearemanyconceptsandproceduresthatwehavenotspecificallyevolvedtoacquiresuchasreading,doingmathematics,workingwithacomputer,orsearchingtheinternet.(然而，在大多数文化中，有许多概念和程序不是我们特别进化而获得的，比如阅读、做数学、使用电脑或搜索互联网。)”可知，文中用了举例子的方法；根据第三段“Unlikeprimaryknowledgeandskills(不像初级知识和技能)”可知，文中用了对比的方法。只有引用数据这种方法没有被使用。故选B。【35题详析】推理判断题。由第四段的“Forexample,tolearngeometryinatraditionalclassorusingcomputer-supportedmaterialrequiresprimaryskillssuchasvisualrecognition,attention,andsensesaboutspace,timeandsequence,tonameafew.(例如，在传统课堂上学习几何或使用计算机辅助材料需要一些基本技能，如视觉识别、注意力和对空间、时间和顺序的感觉，等等。)”可知，学习几何（也就是获得次级知识）要求初级技能，比如说视觉识别、注意力、空间感、时间感、层次序列感。也就是说，初级技能的那些东西是在为学习次级知识打基础。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Itisnosecretthatsocialmediaisharmfultoeveryoneformanyreasons:fromgeneralinternetsafety,tocausinginsecuritiesorbecomingamajordistraction.____36____Socialmediacanhavealargeimpactonpeople’sperspectives,opinionsandthewaytheyviewtheworld—especiallyteenagers.Inrecentyears,socialmediacreatorshavedoneareallyeffectivejobofcreatingalgorithms(算法)thatcankeeptrackofwhatyouengagewith,andprovidemorecontentbasedonyourpreferencesandinterests.____37____Exposuretoonlyoneperspectiveinthelongruncanleadtowhatarecalledechochambers,orsituationsinwhichone’sbeliefsareconstantlysupportedbythepeoplearoundthem,ratherthanhearingotheropinions.____38____Byonlybeingexposedtopeoplewhoagreewithyou,youarepreventedfromconsideringotherperspectives,whichperpetuates(使持续)close-mindedattitudes.Sincesocialmediausersareusedtoseeingcontenttheyagreewith,thefirstopinionthattheyseeonanewissueistheonetheyaremostlikelytoagreewith,despitenothearingopposingthoughts.____39____Recently,theterm“chronicallyonlinetakes”hasresurfacedonsocialmedia.Thisconceptreferstoopinionsthatonlyseemtoexistonline,andlackthesupportofrealworldexperience.____40____Infact,chronicallyonlinetakesareproblematicthemselves,successfullyweakeningactualissuesthatshouldbecalledout.A.Thisfailstoshowrespectforyourprivacy.B.Thisensuresthatyoucontinueusingsocialmedia.C.Usually,ittakestheformofcallingthingsproblematic.D.However,thenegativesofsocialmediagoevendeeperthanthat.E.Thekeyissueisthatpeoplearecontentwithbeingtoldwhattothink.F.Theproblemwithechochambersisthattheydiscouragecriticalthinking.G.Echochambersincreasesocialmediausers’impatienceandkillstheircreativity.【答案】36.D37.B38.F39.E40.C【语篇解读】本文是说明文。讲述了社交媒体妨碍批判性思维。【36题详析】根据前文“Itisnosecretthatsocialmediaisharmfultoeveryoneformanyreasons:fromgeneralinternetsafety,tocausinginsecuritiesorbecomingamajordistraction.(众所周知，社交媒体对每个人都有害，原因有很多：从一般的互联网安全，到造成不安全感或成为主要的分心因素)”以及后文“Socialmediacanhavealargeimpactonpeople’sperspectives,opinionsandthewaytheyviewtheworld—espe