英语句子结构分析 2

英语句子的基本结构句子成分句子成分详解表句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组Sheisdancingunderthetree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语BothofuslikeEnglish.表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！划分句子成分1.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.2.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.3.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.4.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher..5.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.6.SheisteachingthepianotoseveralofthevillagechildrenandshehastaughtusEnglishfor3years7.Thatpresidenthimselfwouldvisitourschoolexcitedallofus.8.April’Dayisthespecialdayoftheyearwhenyouplayajokeonsomeone.9.Ithinkasoundknowledgeofgrammarisimportanttogoodwriting.10.Itexcitedallofusthatthepresidentwouldvisitourschool.句子种类两种分类法按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：

Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?whatwouldyoulike,coffeeortea?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys.Don’ttalkinclass4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!按句子的结构可分三种：

1)简单句2)并列句3)复合句1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.

TomandMikeareAmericanboys. Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.基本结构1.

Things

changed.

主+

谓

2.

Trees

are

green.

主+

系+

表3.

We

don't

beat

children.

主+

谓+

宾4.

He

gave

his

sister

the

piano.

主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语

5.

I

found

the

book

easy.

主+谓+

宾+

宾补

说明：我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。2)并列句：句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句

并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou. Thefutureisbright;andtheroadistortuous.并列句的分类

1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等连接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn. 2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。

e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.

3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,yet,while等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting. 4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。从句包括名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）

定语从句和状语从句等。句型主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句that;which;since;when;nowthat;assoonas;where;how;why;while…e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.Asisknowntoall,Chinaisgettingmoreandmorepowerful.(As引导一个定语从句)Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(Where引导一个表地点的状语从句)Exercises判断句型1.Havingfinishedhishomework,theboywentontohelphismother.2.Whathesaysdoesn’tsuitwhathedoes.

(简单句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子)

(复合句包含两个名词性从句：Whathesays是一个主语从句；whathedoes是一个宾语从句)3.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.4.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.5.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?简单句复合句简单句6.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.7.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.8.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.并列句

复合句

简单句9.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.10.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?11.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.12.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.并列句

复合句

简单句简单句1.____downtheradio----thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom. A.Turning B.Toturn C.Turned D.Turn2.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee____shallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway? A.and B.then C.or D.otherwise3.Shesetoutsoonafterdark____homeanhourlater.A.arriving B.toarrive C.havingarrivedD.andarrived4.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,____,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter. A.whom B.where C.which D.while5.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,____wasveryreasonable.

A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofthat6.Aftertenyears,shechangedalotandlookeddifferentfrom____sheusedtobe.

A.thatB,whomC.whatD.who7.____severaltimesaboutit,buthecouldnotgivethecorrectanswer.

A.BeingaskedB.HavingbeenaskedC.HewouldaskD.Hehadbeenasked8.____thedayswenton,thesituationtheregotworse.

A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As9.Whodoyouthinkthedoctorwillhave____first,JohnorKate?

A.examineB.toexamineC.examiningD.examined10.Shewonthefirstprizeinthespeechcontestand____surprisedus.

A.whichB.itC.asD.who11.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.

A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkis12.SheisAmerican,____sheknowslittleaboutAmericanhistory.

A.soB.yetC.andD.therefore13.____thetextasecondtime,themeaningwillbecomeclearertoyou.

A.ReadB.ReadingC.IfreadingD.Whenyouread14.____,sohedidn'tcometoschoollastweek.

A.ThoughhewasillB.BeingillC.HavingbeenillD.Hewasill15.TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhich

B.atwhich

C.inwhich

D.onwhich16.Rosesneedspecialcare______theycanlivethroughwinter.A.BecauseB.sothat

C.evenif

D.as17.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear，80%____aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat18.Acomputercanonlydo____youhaveinstructedittodo.A.howB.after

C.whatD.when19._____thiscompanyhasdoneseemstobeinagreementwithwhatthegovernmenthascalledfor.

A.That

B.HowC.Whether

D.What20.Fortunitelywehadamap，without______wewouldhavegotlost.

A.which

B.it

C.that

D.what21.TheGreatWallisthelastplace______MrsmithisgoingtovisitbeforeheleavesBeijing.A.WhereB.whichC./D.what

22.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers，______hasagreateffectonmylife.

A.that；which

B.when；which

C.which；that

D.when；who23.Idon’tliketheway______youspeaktoher.A./

B.inthat

C.which

D.ofwhich24.Shespentthewholeeveningtalkingaboutthethingsandthepersons______noneofushaseverheardof.A.which

B.who

C.whom

D.that25.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch______wasadvertisedonTV.A.that

B.which

C.as

D.it26.Freefilmticketswillbesentto______areinterestedinthefilm.A.whomever

B.whoever

C.whatever

D.whichever27.Thedemand______theworkersaskforhigherwagesseemedreasonable.

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.when

28.Wewon’tgiveup_______weshouldfailtentimes.A.evenif

B.since

C.whether

D.until29.Iremember_________thisusedtobeaquietvillage.A.when

B.how

C.where

D.what30.—Doyouremember______hecame.？

---Yes，Ido.Hecamebycar.A.how

B.when

C.that

D.if31.__________sheknowsalotofthings.

A.Achildsheis

B.Assheisachild

C.Childassheis

D.Childasisshe32.Youcangoout_______youpromisetobebackbefore12o’clock.

A.sothat

B.asfaras

C.aslongas

D.incase33..---DothefactoryleadersmeeteveryMondaymorning？

----Yes，______thereisnothingimportanttodealwith.A.since

B.ifC.unlessD.therefore34.HelivedinParisforthreemonths，during____timehelearnedsomeFrench.A.this

B.that

C.it

D.which35.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase，_____wasveryreasonable.

A.whichprice

B.thepriceofwhich

C.itsprice

D.thepriceofwhose36.Wouldyouliketohaveabreak______shallwegoonwiththework？

A.and

B.then

C.therefore

D.or37.Sometimestheearthquakeissoviolentthatitcandestroythewholecity，______happenedinTangshanin1976.A.as

B.that

C.where

D.like38.Hewasabouttotellmethenews_______someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.as

B.until

C.while

D.when39.Whatislearnedinbookscannothavethesamedeepeffectonachild’scharacter______islearnedthroughexperience.A.what

B.asC.aswhatD.whenwhat40.—DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher？

--Yes，Igaveittoher_____Isawher.A.WhileBimmediately

C.once

D.suddenly选择填空：（从A、B、C或D中选出正确的答案）A.when/WhenB.while/WhileC.as/As1._____hecomestomorrow,Ishallaskhimwherehehasbeen.2._____hewasspeaking,everybodylistenedcarefully.3.____theypickedtea,thegirlssonghappily.4.Haveagoodlookatthatman___youpasshim.5.Itwasalreadyeighto’clock__wegothome.6.___coalisburned,thechemicalenergy

isturnedintoheatenergy.ABCA/CAA7.HelearnedtospeakGerman______hewasinBerlin.8.Henryisinchargeoftheoffice_____MrSmithisaway.9.Iwasgoingout_____avisitorcame.10.Somepeoplerespecthim______othersareafraidofhim.BABBA.when/WhenB.while/WhileC.as/AsA.if(If)B.unless(Unless)C.so/aslongas(So/Aslongas)11.______hehastime,hewillcomeandseeusinBeijing.12.______youposttheletternow,itwon’tarriveinTianjintomorrowmorning.13.Weshouldservethepeople______welive.14.Youcan’tlearnalanguagewell______youworkhard.15.Hewillnotleave_____itisfinetomorrow.ABcBB16.Youmaykeepthebook______youwish.17._____thepeopleofthatcountrykeepuptheirfight,theyaresuretowin.18._____Ihadtwotickets,Iwouldgiveyouone.19._____hehadheardthenews,hewouldhavetoldus.20._____youopenedthewindow,weshouldgetmoreair.if(If)B.unless(Unless)C.so/aslongas(So/Aslongas)AcAAAA.so(So)……thatB.such(Such)……thatC.so(So)thatD.such(Such)……as21.Hemade____greatprogress____theheadmasterpraisedhimattheschoolmeeting.22.Theproblemis______difficult______noneofuscanworkitout.23.Theygotupearly______theycouldgetthereontime.24.Kr.Bethunewas__agooddoctor___theChinesepeopleneverforgethim.25.Shewas_____goodateacher_______everyoneinourclasslikedher.BACBA26.__questions_____youraisedatthemeetingwereworthwhiletobediscussed.27.Idon’tlike_____books____youhavejustbought.28.Tomisnot_____aboy______heusedtobe.29.Shehasdonealotofgooddeeds______sheishighlypraisedbytheteachers.30._____rapidlydidhespeak_____wecouldhardlyunderstandhimclearly.A.so(So)……thatB.such(Such)……thatC.so(So)thatD.such(Such)……asDDDCAA.Whatever/whateverB.Whoever/whoeverC.No/nomatterwhatD.Who/who31.Do____youlike.32.______weatheritis,weshallstartat9o’clock.33.Anyone____toldyouthatwaslying.34._____toldyouthatwaslying.35._____willgohasnotbeendecidedyet.36.Nomatter_______asksforherhelp,sheisreadytohelp.AA/CDBAD答案1-10CBBACDDDCB11-20ABCDBBCABD21-30ACBCCBDDBB31-40BBDDADBACC41-50BCCCADCAAB51-60CCADACACBAAs/asB.Because/becauseC.Since/since37.______Janewastheeldest,shelookedaftertheothers.38.______youhaveknownit,Iwouldn’trepeatit.39.Hedidn’theartheknockingatthedoor______hewaslisteningtotheradio.40.Whydidn’tyoucome?”“_____myfatherwouldn’tletme.”单项选择：41.Helentoldmeeverything_____sheknewaboutit.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whose42.Marydidn’tcometoschoolyesterday,thatwas_____shewasill.A.whyB.becauseC.howD.whether43.That’s_____theymissed