2019高考英语一轮复习课时作业52TheUnitedKingdom

课时作业(二十二)必修5Unit2TheUnitedKingdomⅠ.阅读理解A(2018·江西九江二模)AsIbeganmyjunioryearofcollege,Ibegantothinkofplansaftergraduation.IknewthatIwantedtoworkinthefieldofmymajor,publicrelations.ButIalsoknewthatitwasdifficulttofindapositionconsideringmyinexperience.ThatwaswhenIdecidedtopursueaninternship(实习工作)．SoIchosetotalktomyadvisorfirst.Hehadworkedinthefieldofpublicrelationsformanyyearsbeforehebecameaprofessorandthereforehadnumerouscontactsandassociatesinthefield.Aftertalkingtohimaboutafewofthepositions,IdecidedtopursuetheCincinnatiFineArtsFundbecauseofmyinterestintheartsandthepassionIwouldfeelworkingforanon­profitorganization.Isentoutacoverletterandaresumeandwashiredonthespotintheinterview.Isoonbeganmyposition.AfterclassonTuesdaysandThursdays,IwoulddrivetoworkandapplyalltheskillsIwaslearningintheclassroom.Iwasamazedattheamountofpracticalknowledgeinclassthatwasdirectlyapplicabletomyinternshipposition.Itbecameaveryusefulandbeneficialexperience.NotonlywasIworkingforartsorganizationsandseeingmynameprintedondocumentsIhadcreated,butalsogainingconfidenceinmyskillsandmyself.Asthesemestercametoaclose，IfinishedmyworkwiththeFineArtsFund.AlthoughIdidn'ttakeawayanymoneyfortheinternship，IgainedmanydifferentkindsofexperienceandtheknowledgethatIwascapableofacplishingprofessionaltasks.AndthatkindofconfidencewasinvaluabletomeasIsatdowntointerviewformynextinternship.【文章大意】作者上大三时就开始考虑自己的未来，考虑到实习经验在就业中的重要性，作者在导师的建议下找到了个实习岗位，尽管没有挣到钱，但是所积累的经验让作者感觉到很值得。1.Whydidtheauthorseekaninternshipfirstbeforegraduation?A．Becausehewantedtolearnmorefromaninternship.B．Becausehecouldmakemoremoneyfromaninternship.C．Becausehewasmoreinterestedinaninternship.D．Becausehelackedworkexperienceandskills.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。题干关键词为internship，题干中的seek对应原文中的pursue。根据第一段第三句中的“itwasdifficulttofindapositionconsideringmyinexperience”可知，考虑到自己经验不足，找份工作有点难，所以作者决定找一份实习的工作。故选D项。2.Whydidthewriterturntohisadvisorforhelpfirst?A．Becausehisadvisorwasworkinginthefield.B．Becausehisadvisorcouldgivehimsomehelp.C．Becausehegotalongwellwithhisadvisor.D．Becausehehadmoninterestswithhisadvisor.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。由第二段的描述可知，作者找他的导师的原因有两个，其中之一是这位导师在公共关系领域经验丰富；再结合第一段的描述可知，作者自己缺乏经验，也就是说，他的导师可以帮助他。故选B项。3.Whathelpedhimtoadapttohispositionquicklyaccordingtotheauthor?A．Suggestionsfromhisadvisor.B．Moneyearnedfromtheposition.C．Knowledgeandskillsfromclass.D．Confidenceintheinterview.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的．..applyalltheskillsIwaslearningintheclassroom.Iwasamazedattheamountofpracticalknowledgeinclassthatwasdirectlyapplicabletomyinternshipposition.可知，作者在课上所学到的知识和技能帮助他快速地适应了工作。故选C项。4.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofhisinternship?A．Rewarding.B．Boring.C．Relaxing.D．Tiring.答案与解析：A考查推理判断。在最后一段中，作者对自己的实习工作进行了总结：实习工作中虽然没挣到钱，但是积累了经验和知识，这对于自己的专业学习是很有帮助的。故选A项。B(2018·烟台诊断)Inanefforttodiscouragepeoplefromusingplastics,scientistshavebeenhardatworkinventingalternativepackagingproducts.Fromwaterbottlesmadefromseaweedtocutlery(餐具)madefromriceandwheat,anumberofinventionsaresettochangethewayweeatwhileweareonthego,orhavingarelaxingpicnicinthepark.Theideaofusingseaweedtomakeeco­friendly(环保的)waterbottleshasbeenaroundforafewyears.Recently,AriJonssontookhisinvention­awaterbottlemadefromredseaweed­toshowoffatafestival.Thebottleswillonlyholdtheirshapeaslongastheyarefilled.Assoonasthesebottlesareemptytheywillbegintobreakdown,thoughtheywouldbeperfectlysafetoeat.AriJonsson'sbottlesareastepclosertoawidelyusedalternativetothecurrentplasticones.Theeatablewatercontainerisnottheonlyproducttoaddtoourimageofthefuture.NarayanaPessapatyhasalsocreatedeatablespoons.Afterthesuccessofhisspoons,Mr.Pessapatyisreadytoexpandandintroduceforksandchopstickstohismenu.Hisaimistolargelyreducetheamountofplasticwaste,whichisahugeproblemforwastesitesallovertheworld.Itisaproductthatmaytakeupto500yearstobreakdown,andrecyclingpaniesworldwidearestrugglingtodealwithit.Asidefromtheobviousbenefitstotheenvironment,thisnewpackagingisalsocheaptoproduceandthereforecheaptobuy.Evenbetteristhefactthatsimilareatablecutlerycanbemadeathome,possiblyascienceprojectforchildrenorjustfunwithfriends.Whynotgetexperimentingandcreateyourownrecipes?【文章大意】为了阻止人们使用塑料包装，本文介绍了科学家发明的可食用的、环保的包装替代产品。5．Whydoscientistsinventalternativepackagingproducts?A．Tomakepeople'slifemoreconvenient.B．Toreducetheamountofplasticwaste.C．Tochangethewaywepicnicoutside.D．Toshowofftheirinventivetalents.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句Inanefforttodiscouragepeoplefromusingplastics...可知，为了阻止人们使用塑料包装，科学家们发明了可替代的包装产品。故选B项。6.WhatmakesAriJonsson'swaterbottleseco­friendly?A．Theycanbemadeathome.B．Theyarecheaptoproduceandbuy.C．Theywillholdtheirshapewhentheyarefilled.D．Theywillbreakdownthemselveswhenempty.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第二段第四句Assoonasthesebottlesareemptytheywillbegintobreakdown...可知，水瓶一空，它们就会分解。也就是说，它们在被倒空时，会自己分解，所以使得这些水瓶很环保。故选D项。测训诊断：考生易根据第二段第三句Thebottleswillonlyholdtheirshapeaslongastheyarefilled.(瓶子只有在满的时候才能定型)而误选C项，这只是介绍了这种水瓶的特性，而不是这些水瓶环保的原因，真正的原因是它们在水倒空时，会自我分解。故排除C项。7.WhatdoAriandNarayana'sinventionshaveinmon?A．Theyareconvenienttocarry.B．Theyaresafetoeat.C．Theycanbeusedforashorttime.D．Theyareheavierthanplastics.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第二段第四句．..thoughtheywouldbeperfectlysafetoeat.及第三段第二句NarayanaPessapatyhasalsocreatedeatablespoons.可知，两人发明物的共同特点是它们都是可安全食用的。故选B项。8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?A．Home­madeeatablecutleryislikelytobepopular.B．Eatablecutlerywillpletelyreplaceplasticsinthenearfuture.C．Norecyclingpaniescanbreakdownplasticwaste.D．It'sunsafeforindividualstoinventeatablecutleryathome.答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据最后一段倒数第二句Evenbetteristhefactthatsimilareatablecutlerycanbemadeathome，possiblyascienceprojectforchildrenorjustfunwithfriends.可知，类似的可食用餐具可在家里自制，由此可猜测，这种餐具可能会变得很受欢迎。故选A项。Ⅱ.七选五(2018·郑州第一次质量预测)DoPeopleNeedSmallTalktoBeHappy?Psychologists(心理学家)havelongsaidthatconnectingwithothersisanimportantpartofhappiness,butjusthowmuchconversationwerequireisunderexamination.Inonestudy,researchersfoundthatsmalltalkmadeuponly10%oftheirconversationrelatedtohappiness.__1__ScientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebondingLatelastyear,Princetonresearchersreportedthatsmalltalkkeepsclosenesswithlovedones,andisn'tmerelythestuffofawkwardexchangeswithstrangers.Still,chattingwithstrangerscouldbrightenyourmorning.Inaseriesofexperiments,psychologistsgaveChicagopassengersdifferentdirectionsaboutwhethertotalkwithfellowpassengers—somethingtheytypicallyavoided.__2__Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrejected.Smalltalkcanalsohelpusfeelconnectedwithoursurroundings.Peoplewhosmiledat,madeeyecontactwith,andbrieflyspokewiththeirStarbucksbaristas(服务员)reportedagreatersenseofbelongingthanthosewhorushedthroughthetransaction(交易).__3__Onereportfoundthatwhenvolunteersbrokethesilencetochatwithgallerygoers,thevisitorsfelthappierandmoreconnectedwiththeexhibitthanthosewhowerenotapproached.__4__Inonestudy,peoplewhowererated“lesscurious”byresearchershadtroublegettingaconversationrollingontheirown,andhadgreaterluckbuildingclosenesswithotherswhentheyweresuppliedwithquestionsthatencouragedpersonaldisclosure(透露).Butpeoplewhowereconsidered“curious”needednohelpwhentransformingconversationsaboutordinarythingsintopersonalexchanges.__5__.A．Thesameistrueofgallerygoers.B．Butdon'tplaydownsmalltalkjustyet.C．Theyfoundthatsmalltalkisrelatedtohappiness.D．Thosetoldtochatwithothersreportedamorepleasantjourney.E．Makingsmalltalkisanimportantskillforallthesocialsituations.F．A“curiousmindset”，theauthorconcluded,canleadto“positivesocialinteractions”.G．Ofcourse,somepeoplearebetterthanothersatturningsmalltalkintosomethingbigger.【文章大意】'本文主要讲述了聊天会让人开心。1．答案与解析：B根据上文的“Inonestudy，researchersfoundthatsmalltalkmadeuponly10%oftheirconversationrelatedtohappiness”和下文的“Scientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebonding”可知，此处表示转折关系，所以选B项“但是，不要贬低聊天的重要性”。2．答案与解析：D根据下文的“Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrejected”可推知，应选D项。那些被要求去和陌生人聊天的乘客说旅途更加愉快。3．答案与解析：A根据下文的“chatwithgallerygoers”可知，应选A项。参观美术馆的人也有同样的感受。4．答案与解析：G根据本段中对两类人的介绍可推知，有些人更擅长把聊天话题扩大，所以选G项。5．答案与解析：F根据上文的“Butpeoplewhowereconsideredcurious'needednohelpwhentransformingconversationsaboutordinarythingsintopersonalexchanges”可推知，具有好奇心的人会与他人进行积极的社交互动，所以选F项。Ⅲ.语法填空(2018·江西名校联盟检测)TraditionalChinesecultureisbeginningtocapturetheattentionoftheworld.Kungfu，__1__(especial),hashadagreateffect__2__themillionsofpeoplewhofirstlearnedaboutChinathroughit.Fromthat,theymayetoChinaandlearnaboutsomeother__3__(aspect)ofthisculture.OtherAsiannationshavelongknownaboutthe__4__(great)ofancientChineseculture.Theirownculturesare__5__mixofnativeonesandthoseChinesecharacteristics.KoreaandJapanlongagoadoptedConfucianism,somethingthatcontinuestodayevenasit__6__(challenge)bypopculture.Thisstrengthesfromtheideas__7__(give)intheFourBooksofConfucianism,whichbuiltupontheideasofaneven__8__(much)ancientperiodcodified(编纂)intheFiveClassics.Fromthem,theWestlearns__9__isuniquelyChine