2021-2022学年辽宁省辽东南协作体高一（上）第一次月考英语试卷（附答案详解）

202L2022学年辽宁省辽东南协作体高一（上）第一次月

考英语试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）

Provincetovvn,CapeCodRestaurants

Afteradayonihesandsorexploringourcharmingtown,enjoylocalealsj'romfreshseafood

andlobstertoauthenticItalian.You'llfindmanywonderfulProvincetown,CapeCod

restaurantsandcafesjuststepsaway.

Fanizzi'sRestaurant

RightnextdoortoourhotcLthisaward-winninglocalcatcryisoneofthefinestCapeCod

restaurants.Themenuhighlightsseafood,Italian,steaks,burgers,andfreshsalads.Enjoythe

FridayFishFry,EarlyBirdSpecials,andSundayBrunch,availablefrom10：00a.m.to2：()0

p.m.allyearlong.

539CommercialStreet|508-487-1964

Napi'sRestaurant

Napi'sservesdinnerallyearroundandlunchfromApriltoOctober.Acozyplacelocatedjust

offCommercialStreetandoverflowingwithlocalart,thisCapeCod,Massachusettsclassic

specializesineverythingfromfreshlycaughtseafoodtoPortugueseandBraziliandishesto

vegetarianitems.

7FreemanStreet|800-571-6274

MewsRestaurant

EnjoyviewsofProvincetownHarboratthiswaterfrontrestaurantjuststepsfromSurfside

Hotel&Suites.Intercontinentaldishesarcservedinthebcach-levcldiningroom,whileupstairs

you'llfindacasualAmericanbistro.Summcrmonthsbringonabrunchmcnu,anddinneris

servedyear-round.

429CommercialStreet508-487-1500

TheRedInn

Afavoriteamongourguests,TheRedInnislocatedonProvincetown'spicturesquewaterfront

whichprovidesdinerswiththemostgorgeousharborviewsandspectacularsunscts.ThcRed

Innprovideshistoricoldworldcharmwithnewworldplcasurc.Thcirmenufeaturesthefinest

localseafood.

15CommercialStreet508487-7334

I.Whichrestaurantoffersaspecialbreakfastforearlyrisers?

A.Fanizzi'sRestaurant.B.Napi'sRestaurant.

C.MewsRestaurant.D.TheRedInn.

2.Whatis{specialaboutTheRedInn?

A.Itexhibitsthegoodlocalart.

B.Ilisthefinestlocalrestaurant.

C.Itoffersthebestlocalseafood.

D.Itservesbrunchallyearround.

3.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.Accommodation.B.Lifestyles.

C.Sightseeing.D.Dining.

B

JulesVernewasbornon8February1828intheFrenchcityofNantes.Fromanearlyage,hehad

afascinationwithexplorationanddiscovery.Whenhewassix,histeacher,Madame

Sambin,toklhimstoriesaboutherhusband,whodisappearedwhiletravelingtheworldonaship

30yearsbefore.ShetoldherclassthathewaslikeRobinsonCrusoe,afictionalcastawaywho

livedonadesertisland.Vernewouldlaterwritestoriesaboutsimilarcharacters.

In1847,VemewassentbyhisfamilytostudylawalauniversityinParis,buthepreferredto

writenovels,poemsandplays.Aftergraduating,herealizedhewantedtowriteadventurestories

basedonscienceandtechnology.Thishadneverbeendonebefbre,butVernewassurethatit

wouldbeasuccess.Hisfirststory,FiveWeeksinaBalloon,\vaspublishedinSeptember

1862.Hiscareerlastedformorethan40years,duringwhichtimehewrotemorethan60

grippingstories.

Tobeginwith.Vernewrotepositiveandoptimisticbooks.Manyoftheseweretobehismost

popularcrcations.Althoughsomeincludedfantasticalclcmcnts,thcywereusuallybasedin

scientificfact,makingthembelievable.Thesehappystoriesweren'ttolast.Ashegot

older,Vernebecamelessconfidentintheideathatscienceandtechnologywerealwaysgood

fortheplanet.Hisbooksstartedloincludemorescientistswhousedtechnologyfortheir

own-sometimesevil-purposes.Vernediedon24March1905,butnewbookscontinuedtobe

publisheduntil1919.ThesestorieswerebasedonideasVernehadwrittenaboutwhilehewas

第2页，共22页

stillalive,bulfeaturednewcharactersandplotscreatedbyhisson,Michel.

Inthe20thcenlury.hisbooksweretranslatedintomorethan140languagesandseveral

successfulfilmversionswerereleased.Hiscreationshavebeenrecognizedasaninspirationfbr

manyscientistsandinventors.Manyofthefuturisticideasfromhismostpopularbookshave

sincecometrue.

4.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph1?

A.ToshowVerne'sdiscovery.

B.ToofferthebackgroundinformationofVerne.

C.TotelloftheadventureofSambin'shusband.

D.ToexplainhowVemebeganhiswritingcareer.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"This"refertoinParagraph2?

A.Writingnovels,poemsandplays.

B.Studyinglaw.

C.Graduatingfromuniversity.

D.Wringadventurestories.

6.WhatcanbelearnedaboutVerne'slateworks?

A.Theycoveredhappyelements.

B.Theywereunbelievablestories.

C.TheyrevealedVerne'sdoubtonscience.

D.TheywerepartlywrittenbyBerne'sson.

7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesVerne?

A.Talentedandproductive.B.Popularandcaring.

C.Optimisticandgenerous.D.Friendlyandhonest.

c

Parentsandmathteachersregularlyaskedbytheirschool-agedchargeswhethermathmatters

inreallifenowhaveananswer.

InastudypublishedbytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearchthisweek,Harvard

KennedySchoolPolicyProfessorJoshuaGoodmantookalookatwhathappenedtostudents

whosehighschoolswererequiredinthe1980stoincreasetheminimumlevelofcoursework

requiredtograduate.Whalhe(bundis(hatthestudentsweremorelikelytoincreasethenumber

ofmathcoursestheytookasaresultofthechangeinstandardsandthattranslatedintohigher

earningsdowntheline.

Putsimply：About15yearsaftertheygraduated,thehighschoolgraduateswhowenttoschool

whenthesechangestookeffectsaw(heiraverageearningsincreaseabout10%foreveryextra

yearofmathcoursework.Thefindingsmayaddfueltothesteadydrumofeducation

experts,policymakersandotherscallingforanincreasedfocusonscienceandmatheducation.

Theincreaseinrequiredmathcoursesdidn'tnecessarilyproducerocketscientists,Goodman

notcs,bccausctheextracourseworkwasn'tataparticularlyhighlevel.Butbecomingfamiliar

withandpracticingrelativelybasicmathskillsallowedhighschoolgraduatestopursueand

excela(jobs(hatrequiredsomelevelofcomputationalknowledge,hesaid.

Goodmanacknowledgedthattheearningsboostforthestudentsconnectedwiththeuptick(I:

升)inmatheducationmaybedependentonthestateoftheeconomy.WhenGoodmanchecked

in(helate1990sandearly2000son(heearningsofthestudentswhograduatedinthelate1985,

hefoundthattheirearningsincreasedsignificantlyiftheytookmoremath.

8.WhatdoesJoshuaGoodman'sstudyfind?

A.Highschoolgraduatesearnmore.

B.Highschoolstudentsprefermath.

C.Mathmattersalotinone'sincome.

D.Mathisacompulsorycourseinschool.

9.Whyisincreaseinrequiredmathcoursesuseful?

A.Itproducedrocketscientists.

B.Itmakeshighschoolstudentssmarter.

C.Itmeetstherequirementsofthegovernment.

D.Itenableshighschoolgraduatestogetbetterjobs.

10.Whatmightbetheauthor'spurposeinwriting(hetext?

A.Togiveawarningtopolicymakers.

B.Toseekhelpforhighschoolstudents'problems.

C.Toshowthegreatimportanceoflearningmath.

D.Totellastrugglinghistoryofhighschoolstudents.

11.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Effortsmattermost

B.Mathmakesmoney

C.Earningsofdifferentgraduates

D.Changesofhighschoolcourses

第4页，共22页

Braincellsworktoactivelyforgetmemoriesduringaspecificperiodofsleep.Whenwesleep

ourbrainsclearout(hememorieswe'vemadewhilewe'reawake,decidingwhattokeepand

whattogetridof.Forgettingisanactiveprocess,explainedtheauthorsofthestudypublishedin

thejournalScience.Butlessisknownaboutthisprocessduringthedifferentperiodsofsleep.

Theyfound(hatduringtherapideyemovement(REM)sleepperiod——oractivesleepwhenwe

arethoughttodream-specialnervecellsappeartoactivelycontributetoforgetting.Whatare

knownasmelanin-concentratinghormone-producing(MCH)neurons(神经元)sitinthe

hypothalamus(下丘脑)：apartofthebrainwhichhelpswitharangeoffunctionssuchas

sleep,appetiteandemotions.PastresearchhassuggestedthesecellshelptocontrolREMsleep

patterns：activatingtheMCHneuronsincreasingtimespentinthisperiod,whilepreventing

themreducingchangesintothisperiod.

ThescientistslookedatMCHcellsinmice,andfound52.8percentwcrcactiveduringREM

sleep,comparedwith35percentwhenthemicewcrcawakc.Studyco-authorThomas

Kilduff,directoroftheCenterforNeuroscienceatSRIInternational,toldNewsweektheteam

wassurprisedtofindthatmiceperformedbetteronlearningandmemorytaskswhentheMCH

cellswereprevented."Thisresultsuggeststhatactivationof(heMCHneuronsmayaffect

memory-thatis,MCHneuronsmayfacilitateforgetting,"Kilduffexplained.

Whenaskedwhatmotivatedthestudy,Kilduffsaid/'Wehopetheworkcoulddeepenour

understandingofAlzheimer'sdisease.Understandingtheneuralbasisoflearningandmemcry

isahugeareaofncuroscicnccresearchbecauseofitseffectsonoureverydaylives,aswellas

diseasessuchasAlzheimer'sdisease.Priortothiswork,noonesuspectedthatMCHneurons

hadanythingtodowithforgetting,"saidKilduff.

12.WhatcanweinferfromparagraphI?

A.Forgettingisapassiveprocess.

B.Theforgettingprocessisknowntous.

C.Somememoriesarcforgottenwhilewcarcawake.

D.Certainmemoriesareremovedwhileweareasleep.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"inparagraph2referto?

A.REMsleeppatterns.B.Pastresearches.

C.MCHneurons.D.Arangeoffunctions.

14.WhydidKilduffsteamconducttheresearch?

A.Topublishthestudyin(hejournalScience.

B.ToknowmoreaboutAlzheimersdisease.

C.Tocontributetohuman'sforgetting.

D.Toexploreoureverydaylives.

15.WhatcanweknowaboutMCH?

A.MCHcellstakescontrolofREMsleeppatterns.

B.MCHneuronsmaydisturbmemoryconsolidation.

C.MCHneuronshavenothingtodowithforgetting.

D.MCHcellshelpmiceperformingbetteronlearning.

二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共12.5分)

WillCovid-19KilltheHandshake?Thehandshakemightdatebacktothe14thcentury.when

knightsandsoldierswouldextendtheirunclenched(松开的)righthandstowardeachotherin

greetingtoshowthattheywerecarryingnoweapons.

(1)Orrather,itstendencyforpickingupandholdingontogerms(细菌)frompolluted

surfaces,orfromourowneyesornoseswhenwehavecertainillnesses.Thosegermscanthen

betransferredintothehandsofthepeoplewegreet,whilewecanpickuptheirgerms.Wethen

willprobablytouchourowneyesornosesormouths,potentiallysickeningourselvesand

restartingthecycle.

Nowthatanovelcoronavirusisspreadingfast,ourhandsarebeingcastinanew,doubtfullight.

(2)Andlately,(heInternethasbeenfullofsuggestionsforsociallyacceptablewaystogreet

eachotherthatdon'tinvolvepassinggermsalongunintentionallyfromonepersontothenext.

(3)Infact.thetraditionofshakinghandsisn'ttheonlygreetingtotakeafreshlook.AMaori

tribeinNewZealandputthebrakesonhongi,thctraditionalnose-to-nosehello.(4)Maybe

peoplewillstopmakingfunoftheHollywoodairkiss,thoughit'snotahugeimprovement

health-wise.

COVID-19isarealthreat,andweshouldn'ttakethewarninglightly.Wemay,indeed,needto

keepourhandstoourselvesforthetimebeing.Butwe'renotreadytosendhandshakeintoihe

dustbinofhistory.Humanslongformakingaphysicalconnectionwithfriends.For

now,perhaps,aregretfulsmileandnodmightworkasasharedacknowledgment.(5)

A.Couldwehugeachotherornod?

第6页，共22页

B.Couldthisbetheendofthehandshake?

C.Asweallknow,shakinghandshasbecomeahabit.

D.Afterall.ourfriendlyintentionswerenottoinfectorbeinfectedbyothers.

E.Thesedays,itwouldseem.thepotentialweaponisn'taknife,butthehanditself.

F.Wc'rcbeingdrilledinhandwashingtechniquesasifwcwereallsccond-gradcrs.

G.TheFrenchhavebeenadvisedtoabandonthefamiliarkissonthecheckgreeting.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大题共15小题，共15.0分)

Myparentswentbankrupt(破产)whenIwassevenyearsold.Iwentfromakidwhogot

everythingheaskedfortoonc(21)havingnowheretostay.Thischangewasas(22)formy

parentsasitwasforme.ButIwasn'tusedtohearing"no"soI(23)asking.

WhenaskedwhalIwantedfbrmybirthday,!saidIwantedavideogamingsystem.Ididn't

knowitwas(24).AllIknewwasthatmyfriends(25)themand(hatIwantedonetoo.

OnmybirthdayJ(26)startedopeningmypresent,believingIwouldgetwhat1(27).ButI

didn't.Mymomcouldtellmy(28)andshestartedcrying.!gavehera(29)thatwasbiggerthan

ever.Hertears(30)methatshewasworkingsohardandthatshecouldn't(31)togiveme

anythingIdidn'tneed.

FromthenonIlearnedto(32)thethingsIhad.WhenIwantedanewiPodJhadtoworktobuy

it.Igota(33)jobandafterworkingforamontheverydayafterschool.

Isavedupenough(34)tobuyit.Thefeelingofhaving(35)somethingisoneofthebestfeelings

intheworld.

21.A.stillB.hardlyC.evenD.merely

22.A.minorB.dramaticC.effectiveD.exciting

23.A.stoppedB.admiuedC.forgotD.kept

24.A.expensiveB.complicatedC.unnecessaryD.advanced

25.A.likedB.ownedC.wonD.chose

26.A.cheerfullyB.curiouslyC.impatientlyD.violently

27.A.workedonB.agreedonC.longedfbrD.struggledfor

28.A.hesitationB.innocence

C.determinationD.disappointment

29.A.surpriseB.hugC.taskD.gift

30.A.remindedB.promisedC.persuadedD.warned

31.A.expectB.fightC.affordD.remember

32.A.selectB.abandonC.compareD.appreciate

33.A.dead-endB.part-timeC.demandingD.regular

34.A.energyB.timeC.wagesD.fees

35.A.earnedB.createdC.beatenD.caught

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)

36.Oneday,abouttenyearsago,whileworkingatthecashregister(收银机)in(hegift

shopa(myUniversityMuseumofNaturalHistory,Isaw(1)elderlycouplecomeinwith

alittlegirlinawheelchair.AsIlooked(2)(close)atthisgirl,Ifoundthatshewas

fixedonherchair.1thenrealizedshehadnoarmsorlegs,justahead,aneckandupper

body,⑶(dress)inalittlewhiteskirt.Asthecouplewheeledheruptome,Iturned

myheadtowardthegirl.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback(4)

thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic,largestsmileIhadeverseen.Allofa

sudden,herhandicap(障碍)wasgoneandallIsawwasthisbeautifulgirl,(5)smile

justmeltedme(6)almostinstantlygavemeacompletelynewsenseof(7)lifeisall

about.Shetookmefromapoor,unhappycollegestudentand⑻(.bring)meintoher

world；aworldofsmiles,loveand⑼(warm).I'masuccessfulbusinessmannow

andwheneverIthinkaboutthetroublesoftheworld,Ithinkaboutthatlittlegirlandthe

remarkable(非凡的)lessonaboutlifethatshetaught(10).

五、书面表达(本大题共2小题，共40.0分)

37.假定你是李华，你的城市为迎接2022冬奥会开展了“冰雪运动进校园”的活动，清

你以电子邮件的形式向你的网友Jack介绍活动的情况，并邀请他一起参加。内容

包括：

第8页，共22页

1.活动的目的；

2.活动的内容；

3.活动的意义。

注意:

1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。

38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

AyoungandsuccessfulmanagerhadanewJaguar（捷豹汽车），whosesidedoorwas

dented（凹陷的）.Thedamagewasverynoticeable,butthemanagerneverbotheredto

repairit.Hekeptthedenttheretoremindhimofoneafternoonaswellasthismessage：

Don'tgothroughlifesofastthatsomeonehastothrowabrickatyoutogetyourattention!

Themanagerwastravelingdownaneighborhoodstrcct,goingabittoofastinhis

new.Jaguar.Hcwaswatchingforkidsrushingoutfrombetweenparkedcarsandslowed

downwhenhethoughthesawsomething.Ashiscarpassed,nochildrenappeared.Instead,a

brickcrashedinto（heJag'ssidedoor!Hebrakedsharplyanddrove（heJagbackwardtothe

spotwherethebrickhadbeenthrown.Theangrydriverthenjumpedoutofthecangrabbed

thenearestkidandpushedhimupagainstaparkedcar,shouting,"Whatwasthatallabout

andwhoareyou?"

Theyoungboyapologized."Pleasemister-••pleaseJ'msorry-1didn'tknowwhatelseto

do,"hebegged.

"Ithrewthebrickbecausenooneelsewouldstop-*-"Withtearscoiningdownhisfaccjhe

littleboypointedtoaspotjustaroundaparkedcar.

"MyelderbrotherfelloutofhiswheelchairandIcan'tlifthimup."hesaid.

Stillcrying,theboyaskedtheastonishedmanager,"Wouldyoupleasehelpmegethim

backintohiswheelchair?He'shurtandhe'stooheavyforme.”

Movedbeyondworcs,hehurriedtothespotwiththeboy.Anothcrboywaslyingon

the,groundbleeding.Hetookouthiscleanhandkerchiefand（ouchedlightlyatthefresh

scrapes（擦伤）andcuts.Aquicklooktoldhimthatthewoundwasserious,thedisabled

mustbetakentothehospitalalonce.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。

Luckily,hehadafirst-aidkit（急救箱）inthecar.—

Infifteenminutes,（heyarrivedatthenearesthospital.

笫10页，共22页

答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小题1】A【小题2】C【小题3】D

【解析】(1)A.细节理解题。由第二段中"EnjoytheFridayFishFry,EarlyBirdSpecials,and

SundayBiunch,availablefiom10：00a.m.to2：00p.m.allyeailong.(全年从上午10：00

到下午2：00,享受周五鱼苗、早起的鸟儿特价和周日早午餐。)”的“EarlyBirdSpecials”

可知，该餐馆为早起的旅客提供特别的早餐。故选A。

(2)C.细节理解题。由最后一段中的最后一句"Theirmenufeaturesthefinestlocalseafood.

(他们的菜单上有当地最好的海鲜。)”可知TheRedInn的特别之处在于它提供当地最

好的海鲜，故选C。

(3)D.主旨大意题。根据第一段"Afteradayonihesandsorexploringourcharming

town,enjoylocaleats,fromfreshseafoodandlobstertoauthenticItalian.You'llfindmany

wonderfulProvincetown.CapeCodrestaurantsandcafesjuststepsaway.(在沙滩上度过一

天，或者探索我们迷人的小镇，享受当地的美食，从新鲜的海鲜和龙虾到正宗的意大利

菜。你会发现许多美妙的普罗温斯敦，科德角餐厅和咖啡馆就在几步之遥。)”可知，

本文主要介绍的是就餐。A.Accommodation.住宿；B.Lifestyles.生活方式；C.Sightseeing.

观光；D.Dining.就餐。故选D。

这是一篇应用文，介绍了美国Provincetown四个就餐的地方。

1.直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原

文基本一致的题目。2.间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言

表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3.综合信息题：综合信息题

是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在

文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合运来分析•，而不能断章取义。

4.【答案】

【小题1】B【小题2】D【小题3】C【小题4】A

【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。根据第一段内容和关键句"Shetoldherclassthathewaslike

RobinsonCrusoe,afictional（虚构的）castawaywholivedonadesenisland.Vcrncwould

laterwritestoriesaboutsimilarcharacters."（她告诉全班司学，他就像鲁滨逊•克鲁索，・

个生活在荒岛上的虚构的流浪汉。后来凡尔纳也会写类似人物的故事。）可知，老师给

全班同学讲述了自己丈夫失踪的事情，形容丈夫就像鲁滨逊•克鲁索一样，这件事对凡

尔纳产生了影响，他后来的作品中也会写类似人物的故事，由此可推断出，第1段的目

的是提供凡尔纳的背景信息。故选B项。

（2）D.代词指代题o根据画线词前句"Aftergraduating,hsrealizedhewantedtowritescience

adventurestories/,（毕业后，他意识到自己想写科学冒险故事。）可知，凡尔纳想写科

学冒险故事，由此可推断出，This代指的是上文提到的"wrilescienceadventurestories",

也就是说，写科学冒险故事以前从未做过，但凡尔纳确信这会成功。所以this指代的是

写科学冒险故事。故选D项。

（3）C.细节理解题。根据第三段关键句"Ashegotolder.Vernebecamelessconfidentinthe

ideathatscienceandtechnologywerealwaysgoodfor（heplanet.Hisbooksstartedtoinclude

morescientistswhoused:echnologyfortheirown-sometimesevil-purposes."（随着年龄的增

长，凡尔纳越来越不相信科学技术对地球总是有好处的。他的书开始包括更多的科学家，

他们将技术用于自己的目的，有时甚至是邪恶的目的。）可知，随着年龄的增长，凡尔

纳对科学技术开始持怀疑态度，作品中也开始包括一些有着邪恶目的的科学家，由此可

知，凡尔纳后期的作品显示出他对科学的怀疑。故选C项。

（4）A.推理判断题。根据第二段关键句"Hiscareerlastedformorethan40years,during

whichtimehewrotemorethan60gripping（扣人心弦的）stories."（他的职业生涯持续

了40多年，其间他写了60多篇扣人心弦的故事。）可知，凡尔纳的职业生涯很长并且

写出了60多篇故事，由此可推断出，他是一个有才华的作家，并且是一个多产的作家，

"Talentedandproductive"意为”有才华的和多产的”，符合对凡尔纳的描述。A.Talentedand

productive才华横溢，富有成效的：B.Popularandcaring受欢迎和关心的：

C.Optimisticandgenerous乐观大方的；D.Friendlyandhonest友好诚实的。故选

A项。

这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了法国小说家、剧作家及诗人儒勒•凡尔纳，介绍了他的写

作经历以及不同时期的写作风格。

I.直接信息题：

直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目;

2.间接信息题：

笫12页，共22页

间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原

文信息进行转换;

3.综合信息题:

综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或

者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章

取义。

8.【答案】

【小题1】C【小题2】D【小题3】C【小题4】B

【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。根据第三段"About15yearsaftertheygraduated,thehighschool

graduateswhowenttoschoolwhenthesechangestookeffectsawtheiraverageearnings

increaseabout10%foreveryextrayearofmathcoursework."（大约在他们毕业后15年，

当这些改变生效时去上学的高中毕业生他们的工资每多上一年数学课，平均增加10%左

右。）可知，研究发现数学对一个人的收入很重要,与选项可'Mathmattersalotinone's

income."（数学对一个人的收入很重要。）符合。故选C。

（2）D.细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句"Buibecomingfamiliarwithandpracticing

relativelybasicmathskillsallowedhighschoolgraduatestopursueandexcelatjobsthat

requiredsomelevelofcomputationalknowledge.hesaid."（但是通过熟悉和练习相对基本

的数学技能，高中生毕业后可以从事需要一定计算机知识的工作，并取得优异成绩C）

可知，增加数学必修课程是有用的，因为可以使高中生找到更好的工作，与选项D”【t

enableshighschoolgraduaiestogetbetterjobs."（它使高中生找到更好的工作。）符合，

故选D。

（3）C.推理判断题。文章第•段提出父母•直询问学数学是否有用的问题有了答案；

第二和第三段介绍了一项研究表明数学对一个人的收入很重要；第四段讲了增加数学必

修课程对高中生是有好处的，能帮助他们找到更好的工作；最后一段Goodman发现参

加数学课的人们收入增加很多。所以全文旨在强调学习数学可以提高收入，获得更好的

工作，这是强调数学的重要性，与选项C"Toshowthegreatimportanceoflearningmath."

（为了表明学习数学的重要性。）符合，故选C。

（4）B.标题归纳题。义章第一段提出父母一直询问学数学是否有用的问题有了答案；

第二和第三段介绍了一项研究表明数学对一个人的收入很重要；第四段讲了增加数学必

修课程对高中生是有好处的，能帮助他们找到更好的工作；最后一段Goodman发现参

加数学课的人们收入增加很多。所以文章主要讲述了数学可以提高收入，与选项B-Math

makesmoney"(数学赚钱)符合，故选B。

这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项研究表明，学数学可■以帮助找到更好工作，可以

提高收入。

1.宜接信息题：

直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目;

2.间接信息题：

间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原

文信息进行转换；

3.综合信息题：

综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或

者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章

取义。

12.【答案】

【小题1】D【小题2】C【小题3】B【小题4】B

［解析］(1)D.推理判断题。根据第一段中"Whenwcsleepourbrainsclearoutthememories

we'vemadewhilewe'reawake,decidingwhattokeepandv/hattogetridof.(当我们睡觉时,

我们的大脑会清除我们清醒时留下的记忆，并决定保留什么，摆脱什么)”可知，我们

在睡觉时一些记忆会被移除，故选择D项。

(2)C.代词指代题。根据第二段中t^f'activatingtheMCHneuronsincreasingtimespent

inthisperiod(激活褪黑素聚集激素神经元增加这•阶表的时间)”可知，them指代上文

中的MCH,故选择C项。

(3)B.细节理解题。根据最后一段"Whenaskedwhatmotivatedthestudy,Kilduffsaid,We

hopetheworkcoulddeepenourunderstandingofAlzheimer'sdisease.(当被问及是什么推

动了这项研究，基尔达夫说：我们希望这项工作能够加深我们对老年痴呆疾病的理解)

”可知，做这项研究主要是为了更好的了解老年痴呆症，故选择B项。

(4)B.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句""Thisresultsuggests(hatactivationof(heMCH

neuronsmayaffectmemory-thatis,MCHneuronsmayfacilitateforgetting,"Kilduff

笫14页，共22页

explained.（“这一结果表明MCH神经元的激活可以影响记忆-也就是说MCH神经元可

能会促进遗忘，”基尔达夫解释说）”可知，MCH神经元可能会影响记忆的巩固，故选

择8项。

本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人在睡眠的过程中受褪黑素聚集激素神经元的影响会遗

忘一些事情，通过这项研究人们能更好的了解老年痴呆这种疾病。

1.宜接信息题：

直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息、，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目;

2.间接信息题：

间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原

文信息进行转换：

3.综合信息题：

综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或

者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章

取义。

16.【答案】

【小题1]E【小题2】F【小题3】B【小题4】G【小题5】D

【解析】（1）E.推理判断题。前文"theywerecarryingnoweapons"（他们没有携带武器）

对应E选项中的"thepotentialweapon"o根据后文"Thosegermscanthenbetransferredinto

（hehandsofthepeoplewegreet.whilewecanpickup（heirgerms.Wethenwillprobablytouch

ourowneyesornosesormouths,potentiallysickeningourselvesandrestartingthecycle."（这

些细菌随后会传到我们诃候的人的手中，而我们也会沾染他们的细菌。然后我们可能会

摸自己的眼睛、鼻子或嘴巴，有可能让自己生病，重新开始这个循环。）可知，此处是

指手就是威胁我们健康的武器，所以选项E”现在看来，潜在的武器不是刀，而是手本

身。"切合文意。故选E。

（2）F.推理判断题。根据前文"Nowthatanovelcoronavirusisspreadingfast,ourhandsarc

beingcastinancw,doubtfullight.**（现在一种新型冠状病毒正在迅速传播，我们的双手正

被投上新的、怀疑的目光。）可知，此处是指人们怀疑新型冠状病毒会通过手传播，所

以要洗手，根据后义"Andlaiely.theInternethasbeenfullofsuggestionsforsocially

acceptablewaystogreeteachotherthatdon'tinvolvepassinggermsalongunintentionallyfrom

onepersontothenext."（最近，互联网上到处都是关于社会上可以接受的互相问候方式

的建议，这些方式不会无意中把病菌从一个人传给另一个人。）可知，此处是讲因为新

型冠状病毒会通过手传播，所以人们提出了一些防护措施，选项F，我们被训练洗手技