高三英语上学期开学考试（天津卷） 高考英语名校模拟真题速递(天津专用)

绝密★考试结束前2023-2024学年高三上学期开学考试（天津卷）英语（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1．—Jack,couldyoudomeafavour?—Sure.________A．Ibegyourpardon. B．Italldepends.C．Whatisit? D．Anythingavailable?2．Majordepressionrequiresmedicaltreatment,butphysicalactivity,especiallythosedoneoutdoors,canhelp________symptoms.A．ease B．limit C．strike D．process3．Daletookhismother’sadvice,trieddesperatelyandafterseveralattempts________madeit.A．finally B．hopefully C．normally D．reasonably4．StudentsareencouragedtospeakandimprovetheirEnglishwiththe________ofteacherswhowillalwaysuseEnglishwiththemandgivethemhelp.A．absence B．strength C．defence D．presence5．Whenhefinallyraisedthemoneyfortheviolin,hereturnedtobuyitbutlearnedthatit________toacollector.A．wassold B．havebeensold C．hadbeensold D．willhavebeensold6．Whileweseep,thebrainreplaysthepatternsofactivityitexperiencedduringwakinghours,________ustoenteravirtualreality.A．toallow B．allowing C．havingallowed D．allowed7．Youcanlearnenoughfirstaidknowledgeinafewminutes—________it’sfromreadingabook,attendingacourseorwatchingvideosonline.A．when B．as C．whether D．once8．—Itssohardtofindajobwithadegreeinliterature.—Yeah,________.A．youcan’tbeserious B．IknowwhatyoumeanC．it’snotarequirement D．Ididn’tgetit9．WhenIstartedmyPhDandrealizedthatIwouldneedfinancialhelp,I________tothestudentadviceofficeandtoldthemthatIwasacarer.A．wouldgo B．hadgone C．wasgoing D．went10．AverypopularthingtodoonBoxingDayistogoshoppingand________thesales.A．keeppacewith B．takeadvantageofC．lookforwardto D．throwalighton11．Nexttime,readthesmallprintinthedocumentbeforeyousignit.You_______makethesamemistakeagain.A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．don’thaveto D．wouldn’t12．WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes______wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.A．ofwhom B．aboutwhich C．fromwhich D．bywhom13．Attheschoolcharityparty,eachstudentdonated________amountheorshecouldafford.A．whichever B．however C．wherever D．whatever14．Facedwithadecliningpopulationandworkforce,Japanhasbeenincreasingly________robotsforhelp.A．turningto B．puttingaway C．takingup D．holdingback15．Witheco-tourism________,eco-hotelsarefastbecomingthedarlingofthetravelindustry.A．undercontrol B．ontheriseC．beyonddescription D．inthedecline第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AfterIwonmyfirstraceatfive,lifewasaboutwinningraces.Twokids,RayJandGil,16that.OnedayinourfirstNASCAR(NationalAssociationofStockCarAutoRacing)season,myteammate,RayhadtoleaveforhomebecausehissonRayJsuddenlydevelopedcancer.Hesaidsomethingabout17tomissworkforevenaday.“Forgetit,”Iinterrupted.“Your18comesfirst.”Thefollowingmonthswere19forRayJ,chemotherapy(化疗)andlongstaysinthehospital.Hewasso20thathecouldbarelyplay.However,the21boyhadbeenfightingagainstillness.Ialwaysfacedchallengesbygoing22andpushingmyselfharder.Buthowcouldastock-cardriverlikememakeadifferencetothekid?Forthefirsttimeinmylifethe23didn’tseemsoimportant.Gilwasasix-year-oldboywithararebonedisease.Hisbonesweresoeasytobreakthatahugmight24oneofthem.Thatdayhewassittinginawheelchair,assmallasathree-year-oldchild,andhislegsweregnarledandatrophied(扭曲萎缩).However,hehadabig25.Forfearofbreakinghisbonesintopieces,Ididn’t26hishand.27,Iheldupmyhand.Hetoucheditandthenpulledhishandback.Hesmiledmorebrightly.Iwentdownonmy28andwetalked.HewasahugeNASCAR29.Hecouldn’tgooutsideand30,butwatchingtheracesandlearningeverythingaboutthedriversdistractedhimfromhis31“Iloveitwhenyouwin,Jeff.”Win.Thatwordagain.HadIeverthoughtmuchaboutwhatit32?WinningiswhatI’malwaysaimingfor.That’smyjob,andit’showI33myfamily.Butwinningismorethanjustcrossingthe34linefirst.Thetwokidsarethetrue35.16．A．recognized B．achieved C．resigned D．changed17．A．hating B．expecting C．failing D．refusing18．A．fee B．choice C．family D．attitude19．A．necessary B．difficult C．absurd D．unforgettable20．A．hopeless B．desperate C．careful D．weak21．A．easy-going B．strong-willed C．hard-working D．absent-minded22．A．safer B．faster C．wider D．harder23．A．problem B．possession C．race D．adventure24．A．damage B．cure C．change D．influence25．A．sound B．goal C．face D．smile26．A．examine B．outstretch C．move D．shake27．A．Instead B．Generally C．Obviously D．Furthermore28．A．legs B．feet C．knees D．ankles29．A．fan B．expert C．competitor D．developer30．A．holdon B．runaround C．giveup D．breakthrough31．A．debt B．task C．optimism D．pain32．A．meant B．brought C．split D．needed33．A．love B．manage C．support D．encourage34．A．straight B．finish C．start D．red35．A．losers B．cooperators C．winners D．doctors第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATheUniversityofWaikatowillprovideyouwiththefoundationalknowledgeandexperienceyouneedtoachieveyourcareerandlifegoals.Withourfocusonacademicexcellenceandinnovation,youwillbecomepartofagroupknownformakingabigdifferenceintheworldaroundthem.JoinourwarmandwelcomingcommunityofstudentsfromalloverNewZealandandtheglobe.CampusTheUniversityofWaikatohavetwouniquecampuses.Eachcampushasqualityintheirfacilitiesandservicesstudentwillhaveaccesstoduringtheirstudies.Hamiltoncampusenjoysthevibrant(有活力的)studentatmosphere,offeringa

rangeofcafes,on-campusaccommodation,andcutting-edgelearningfacilities.TaurangacampusintheheartoftheCBDaddstothecurrentrangeofqualificationsandcombinesbeautifulbeaches,arelaxedlifestyle,andworld-classuniversitystudy.AccessibilityServicesOurAccessibilityServicesareon-sitetohelpimpaired(有缺陷的)studentssuchas,butnotlimitedto:sensoryimpairment,physicalimpairment,specificlearningdisability,mentalhealthandtemporaryimpairment.Theyofferarangeofservicestostudentssuchasnote-takingsupport,assistivetechnology,alternativeexamarrangements,sign-languageinterpreters,mobilityparkingpermits,specialistequipmentandmore.EmployabilityPlusAwardJointheEmployabilityPlusAward!Itisagreatwaytoengageandconnectwithdozensoflocalnon-profitorganizations,addsvaluetoyourCV(个人简历),andisafunstudentcommunitytobelongto.Enhanceyourstudentexperience!Boostyouremployabilitystatus!Engagewithlike-mindedpeople!Youwillgetrecognitionforcommunityvolunteering,supportinguniversityeventsandattendingworkshopswhilstyouarestudying.Youwillgainwork-readyskillsthatwillassistyouinstandingouttoprospectiveemployers.StudentCentreTheStudentCentreislocatedattheheartofourHamiltonCampusandwillbeyourchoiceforstudyandenrolmenthelp,books,computersandprintingandgroupstudyrooms.Itisagreatplacetostudy,withlotsofPowerPointstopluginyourcomputerandhelponoffer.TheStudentCentreteamwillalsoprintandsetupyourStudentIDcardwhenyoufirstarriveoncampus.WithintheStudentCentre,youwillfindarangeofservicestohelpyouthroughoutyourtimeatuniversity,fromenrolmenttograduation.36．WhatdoweknowaboutthecampusoftheUniversityofWaikato?A．Taurangacampuscanofferfreeaccommodationtothestudents.B．StudentsonHamiltoncampushaveaccesstoadvancedfacilities.C．ThelocationofTaurangacampuscontributestoitspopularity.D．Bothcampusescombinebeautifulbeachesandvibrantatmosphere.37．Astudentwithmentalhealthproblemintheuniversitycan________.A．receivenecessarytreatmenttheyneedB．ownassistivetechnologyonthecampusC．beallowedflexiblyorganizedexamsD．serveasasign-languageinterpreter38．YoucanbenefitalotbyjoiningtheEmployabilityPlusAwardexcept________.A．improvingyourstudentexperienceB．learningnewskillsbeforeyouworkC．betteringyourqualificationforemploymentD．impressingyourfutureemployers39．WhatcanstudentsdoattheStudentCentre?A．Theycanfindenrolmentinformationthere.B．TheyareallowedtoprintPowerPointsonline.C．TheycangettheirstudentIDcardrepaired.D．Theymaygettogetheringroupstudyrooms.40．Whichofthefollowingisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A．Aneducationmagazine.B．Atravelbook.C．Auniversitynewspaper.D．Astudentguide.BIhadnothuggedafriendorafamilymemberformorethantwoyearsuntilrecentlywhenmysister-in-lawflewinforabriefvisit.Foreveryone’ssafety,wemetoutside.Despitethewintryweather,herhugwarmedmefromtheinsideout.It’sstrange,butonlynowdoItrulyrealizehowmuchI’vemissedembracinglovedones--thewarmththatremainslongafterourarmshaveloosened.GrowingupthroughwarinmyhometownofSarajevo,Bosnia,everymomentwasfullofdanger.Ononepeacefulmorning.Ihadbeggedmymomtoletmegooutsideafterspendingweekswilting(蔫)indoors.Shefinallyagreed.Iwasoutsideforonly10minuteswhenIwascaughtinanexplosion.Irantomyneighbor’shouseforsafetyandthrewmyarmsaroundherneckjustasmylegscollapsedunderneathme.Shehuggedmewithbotharmsanddraggedmeintoherhouse.Iwasstillinherarmswhentheambulancearrived.Thankfully.Imadeafullphysicalrecovery,buttheemotionalscarsneverleftme.Yearslatertherewasanotherexplosionnearmyhouse.Iwassafelyinside,butmyfatherhadlefttobuyaloafofbread.Hehadonlyjustmissedtheblast.Whenhecamebackinside,Igavehimthebiggesthugimaginable.IwascakedintearsasIheldhimtight.Thatsamenightmyparentsmanagedtoarrangemyescapefromourwar-torncity.Theydesperatelywantedatleastsomeofmychildhoodtobenormal.Iwas16andcametoAmericaonmyown.AgeneroushostfamilytookmeinandIbeganlearningEnglishandgoingtoschool.TheyhadalargedogcalledOscar.Overthenextseveralmonths,Isecretlystruggledwithfeelinghomesickandworriedaboutmyfamilybackhome.Despitemanagingquitewellatschool,Icouldn’texpressmyfeelings.TheonlywayIsharedhowIfeltwasbygivingOscarabighug.Itisyetanothersadaspectofourpandemiclivesthathuggingastrangeristhelastthingonourminds.Formanyofus,evenhuggingarelativeorafriendcomeswithstressandanxietyoverrisksandprecautions(防范).Perhapswehaveundervaluedtheimpactofasimplehug.AsIlookbackonmypast,Icountmyselftrulyluckytohavebeenheld,shieldedandencouragedatsomeofthemostkeymomentsofmylifebythealmostsuperpowerofahug.Ipraythatinthenot-so-distantfuturewecansafelyholdoneanotheragain-afriend,relative,orevenastranger.41．Whydidtheauthormentionhersister-in-law’svisitatthebeginning?A．Itremindedtheauthorofherpasthugs.B．Itencouragedtheauthortohugstrangers.C．Itmadetheauthorthinkofherlargefamily.D．Itmadetheauthorforgetthepandemictemporarily.42．WhathappenedtotheauthorwhenshelivedinherhometownofSarajevo,Bosnia?A．Herlegcollapsedinanexplosion.B．HermotherlovedhertoomuchtosendhertoAmerica.C．Shewaswarmedbyherneighbor’shug.D．Sherecoveredquicklyfromthewoundsofthewar.43．Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenshehuggedherfather?A．Frightened B．Relieved C．Embarrassed D．Astonished44．WhatproblemdidtheauthorfindaftershecametoAmerica?A．Shewastreatedbadlybyherhostfamily.B．Shecouldn’tcatchupwithherclassmatesatschool.C．Shecouldn’tadapttothenewenvironment.D．Shemissedandworriedaboutherfamilymembers.45．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthisarticle?A．Toexpresshowshefeelsaboutwar.B．Tosharehowimportanthugsaretoher.C．Tointroducetheupsanddownsinherlife.D．Tocomplainabouttheimpactofthepandemic.CIfyou’rearunnerwhosecretlyhatesrunning,here’ssomegoodnews:settlingintoaleisurelyjogratherthananall-outrunmayactuallybebetterforyourhealthinthelongterm.AteamfromDenmarkfollowedover5,000peopletakingpartintheCopenhagenCityHeartStudy,andtrackedwhethertheywerenon-joggers,orjoggerswhokeptaslow,moderate(中等的),orfastpace.Theparticipants’healthwastrackedoverthenext12years,andsowastheirmortality(死亡率):28ofthejoggersand128ofthenon-joggersdied.Theconnectionwasthis:Joggersofmildandmoderateintensityhadalowerriskofdeaththanthefastjoggers.Infact,thelowestmortalityriskwasthatofthemildintensityjoggers.Thefast-pacedjoggershadaboutthesamemortalityrateassedentary(久坐的)people.Thissuggeststhattheremaybeanupperlimittohardexercise,afterwhichthebenefitsfalloff.“TheU-shapedassociationbetweenjoggingandmortalitysuggeststheremaybeanupperlimitforexerciseamountthatisbestforhealthbenefits,”saidstudyauthorPeterSchnohr.“Anythingmoreisnotjustunnecessary;itmaybeharmful.”Fromthecurrentstudy,joggingjustthreetimesperweek,forlessthan2.5hoursperweekwasassociatedwiththelowestoverallmortalityrisk.Therehavebeenalotofmixedmessagesaboutthe“right”amountofexerciseandwhatintensityisbest.TheWorldHealthOrganizationhassuggestedthatthecurrent150minutesperweekrecommendationsarestrenuousformostpeopletotackle,andthatexpectationsshouldbelowered,since,afterall,anythingisbetterthannothing.Everyoneprobablyhasalevelofactivitythatfeelsbesttohimorher.Butatleastthegrowingconsensusseemstobethatmore—ifyou’repushingyourselfveryhard—isnotnecessarilybetter.Anditmayevenbeworse.46．Whatwasthestudydesignedtofindout?A．Therelationbetweenexerciseamountandhealth.B．Thedifferencebetweennon-joggersandjoggers.C．Theadvantagesofjoggingoverrunning.D．Thecommoncausesofdeathfromexercise.47．Whowillfacethehighestmortalityriskaccordingtothestudy?A．Thosejoggingjustthreetimesperweek. B．Thosejogging150minutesperweek.C．Thosefast-pacedjoggers. D．Thoseslow-pacedjoggers.48．WhatmightPeterSchnohragreewith?A．Theearlybirdcatchestheworm. B．Wealthisnothingwithouthealth.C．Togobeyondisaswrongastofallshort. D．Enoughexercisebringsabouthappiness.49．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“strenuous”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Intense. B．Wide-ranging.C．Necessary. D．Far-reaching.50．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WhyJoggingMayBeBetterForYourHealthThanRunning?B．CanJoggingIncreaseYourWeight?C．HowDoesJoggingAffectYourHealth?D．HowOftenShouldBeginnersRun?DEveryyear,thousandsofteenagersparticipateinprogramsattheirlocalartmuseums.Butdoanyofthemremembertheirtimeatmuseumeventslaterinlife?Anewreportsuggeststhattheanswerisyes—andfindsthatarts-basedmuseumprogramsarecreditedwithchangingthecourseofalumni’s(毕业生的)lives,evenyearsafterthefact.TheWhitneyMuseumofAmericanArt,theWalkerArtCenterandtheMuseumofContemporaryArt,LosAngelesrecentlyaskedresearcherstoconductastudytofindouthoweffectivetheirlong-standingteenartprogramsreallyare.Theyinvolvedover300formerparticipantsoffourprogramsforteensthathavebeeninexistencesincethe1990s.Alumni,whosecurrentagesrangefrom18to36,wereinvitedtofindouthowtheyviewedtheirparticipationyearsafterthefact.Amongthealumnisurveyed,75percentofthemthoughttheteenartprogramexperiencehadthemostfavorableimpactontheirownlives,beatingthefamily,schoolandtheirneighborhoods.Nearly55percentthoughtthatitwasoneofthemostimportantexperiencestheyhadeverhad,regardlessofage.Andtwo-thirdssaidthattheywereofteninsituationswheretheirexperienceinmuseumsaffectedtheiractionsorthoughts.Itturnsoutthatparticipatinginartprogramsalsohelpskeepteenskeenaboutcultureevenaftertheyreachadulthood:Ninety-sixpercentofparticipantshadvisitedanartmuseumwithinthelasttwoyears,and68percenthadvisitedanartmuseumfiveormoretimeswithinthelasttwoyears.Thirty-twopercentofalumniworkintheartsasadults.Thoughthestudyisthefirstofitskindtoexploretheimpactofteen-specificartprogramsinmuseums,itreflectsotherresearchontheimportantbenefitsofengagingwiththearts.AdecadeofsurveysbytheNationalEndowmentfortheArtsfoundthatthechildhoodexperiencewiththeartsissignificantlyassociatedwithpeople’sincomeandeducationalachievementsasadults.Otherstudieshavelinkedartseducationtoeverythingfromlowerdropoutratestoimprovementincriticalthinkingskills.51．Whatisthemainfunctionofparagraph1?A．Tomakeacomparison. B．Toproposeadefinition.C．Toprovidethebackground. D．Topresentthesubject.52．Whyweretheresearchersaskedtoconductthestudy?A．Tochangethecourseofalumni’slives.B．Tointroducetheartmuseums.C．Toexploretheimpactofteenartprograms.D．Toinvitepeopletoparticipateintheartprograms.53．WhatdothefiguresinParagraph3show?A．Studentsaremoreinfluencedbythefamilyandschool.B．Teenartprogramsinmuseumsarehighlybeneficial.C．Manyteensfailtorealizethegreatvalueofartprograms.D．Mostexperiencesinmuseumsareboringfortoday’steens.54．WhatdoesParagraph4tellusaboutartprograms?A．Theyareintendedtoattractmoreadults.B．Theyaredesignedtosupportartmuseums.C．Theycreateadultswhoareculturallyaware.D．Theyprovidemanyjobopportunitiesforadults.55．Whatdothestudiesmentionedinthelastparagraphhaveincommon?A．Allprovethegoodeffectsofarteducation.B．Allsuggesttheneedtoimprovemuseumprograms.C．Allshowthegrowingpopularityofartprograms.D．Allfocusonthelinkbetweenartandeducation.第二部分:写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。WhileItriedhardtofightagainstmyterriblecancer,myhusbandpassedawayduetoaheartattack.Iwassosad.Mymothercametostaywithme.IwonderedwhatI'ddowithmy86-year-oldmother.Aweekaftershearrived,Iasked,“Mom,whydon'tyoucrochet(用钩针编织)anymore?"Shesaidshedidn'tknowwhatshecouldmake.Iadvised,"Howaboutflowers?Wecansharethemwithothers."Momnodded.Whilesheworked,Iofferedassistance.Beforelong,Momcrochetedmanyflowersandwesentthemtofriendsandcancerpatients.Inthenextfewweeks,severalthank-younotesarrivedinourmaillbox.Later,Momwantedtocrochetthebutterfly.ShecreatedoneandsentittomyfriendYvonne.Sheloveditandattachedittoherhairclip.Oneday,shecalled,"SomevolunteersweresenttoHaititohelpwiththedisasterthere.Couldyousendmeanotherbutterfly?IwantedsomevolunteerstobringthebutterflytoagirlinHaititoofferherwarmthandhope."ThenwesentanotheronetoYvonneandsheagainattachedittoahairclip.ThehairclipwaslaterbroughttoagirlinHaiti.Thegirl,calledMary,hadfeltsadandhopelessaftersufferingfromthedisaster.Butwhenshereceivedandworethebutterflyhairclip,herfacebrightened.Andherbrighteyesshowedmorehopeforthefuture.IwasexcitedtoknowthatMom'screativitywasencouragingpeoplelikethisgirl.Butsomepeoplewhodidn'tknowuswellthoughtitwasawasteoftimecrochetingthesethings.Surely,Icouldn'tseeeyetoeyewiththesepeopleonmymom'seffortsofcrocheting.Herprojectwasmeaningful.Itmademymotherhaveapurposeinlife.Andhelpinghercarryoutherproject,IfeltIledaricherandmorehopefullifemyself.56．Whatmadethewriterfeelsadatfirst?(Nomorethan10words)57．Whydidthewriterandhermomreceivesomethank-younotes?(Nomorethan10words)58．HowdidMaryfeelwhenwearingthebutterflyhairclip?(Nomorethan5words)59．Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphprobablymean?(Nomorethan5words)60．Whatdoyouthinkoftheauthorandhermother?Pleaseexplainitinyourownwords.(Nomorethan20words)第二节：书面表达（满分25分）61．假设你是晨光中学的李津，为配合学校的“科技月”活动，你校英语社团的微信公众号开展征文活动。要求同学们写一篇英语短文，介绍我国科学家设计的一款生活型智能机器人。现请你投稿，文章内容应包括：(1)简要介绍这款生活型智能机器人的功能(至少写出两点)；(2)说明生活型智能机器人的意义。注意：(1)词数不少于100；(2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；(3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：智能机器人intelligentrobotHereIwouldliketointroduceanewtypeofintelligenthouseholdrobottoyou.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ByLiJin参考答案：1．C【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——Jack，你能帮我个忙吗？——当然可以。什么事？A.Ibegyourpardon.我恳求你的原谅；B.Italldepends.看情况；C.Whatisit?什么事；D.Anythingavailable?有可用的吗。根据“Sure”可知，答应帮忙后应是询问什么事，故选C。2．A【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：重度抑郁症需要药物治疗，但体育活动，尤其是户外活动，可以帮助缓解症状。A.ease缓解；B.limit限制；C.strike罢工；D.process处理。根据上文“butphysicalactivity,especiallythosedoneoutdoors,canhelp”指户外活动可以缓解抑郁症的症状。故选A。3．A【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：戴尔听从了母亲的建议，拼命地试了几次，终于成功了。A.finally最后；B.hopefully满怀希望地；C.normally正常地；D.reasonably合情合理地。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语，结合句意可知，此处表示“最终”符合句意。故选A项。4．D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们鼓励学生在老师在场的时候说英语，提高英语水平，老师会经常和他们一起使用英语并给予他们帮助。A.absence缺席；B.strength体力；C.defence防御；D.presence在场，出席。根据句意，表示“在场”用介词短语withthepresenceof(sb.)，意为“(有某人)在场”。故选D项。5．C【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：当他最终筹集到买小提琴的钱时，他回去买了它，但是得知它已经被卖给了一个收藏家。分析句子可知，句中“thatit________toacollector”为宾语从句，作动词learn的宾语，it指代前文提到的violin，从句it与动词sell为动宾关系，且动作发生在learn之前，所以空处用过去完成时的被动语态，选项C符合题意，故选C。6．B【详解】考查现在分词作状语。句意：当我们睡觉时，大脑会重放醒着时的活动模式，让我们进入虚拟现实。分析句子可知，空处及之后的内容在句中为状语，表示睡觉时，大脑所作的动作的结果，表示一种自然而然的结果，所以空处用现在分词。选项B符合题意，故选B。7．C【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：你可以在几分钟内学到足够的急救知识——无论是通过读书、参加课程还是在线观看视频。固定结构：whether...or...“不管……还是……”。引导让步状语从句。结合句意及选项可知，选项C符合题意，故选C。8．B【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——要找到一个文学学位的工作真是太难了。——是啊，我明白你的意思。A.youcan’tbeserious你不是认真的吧；B.Iknowwhatyoumean我明白你的意思；C.it’snotarequirement这不是要求；D.Ididn’tgetit我不明白。根据句中语境及空前的回答可知，这里表示回答者对上文说话者的意思的肯定，选项B符合题意，故选B。9．D【详解】考查时态。句意：当我开始攻读博士学位，意识到自己需要经济帮助时，我去了学生咨询办公室，告诉他们我是一名护工。分析句子可知，空处为主句的谓语，结合句中“andtoldthem”可知，空处动词的时态和and后的told并列，所以空处用一般过去时。选项D符合题意，故选D。10．B【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：节礼日最流行的一件事就是去购物，好好利用这次促销活动。A.keeppacewith跟上……的步子；B.takeadvantageof利用；C.lookforwardto期盼；盼望；D.throwalighton阐明。结合句中前后内容可知，这里指充分利用促销活动，选项B符合题意，故选B。11．A【详解】考查情态动词。句意：下次，在你签署文件之前，先看看上面的小字。你不允许再犯同样的错误了。A.mustn't禁止；B.needn't没必要；C.don'thaveto不必；D.wouldn't不愿意。根据句意可知，此处表示禁止在犯同样的错误，故选A。12．C【详解】考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：威廉·海斯蒂曾提出，历史告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中吸取教训，而不必重蹈覆辙。分析句子可知，空处及之后的句子为定语从句，先行词为mistakes，句子表示“我们可以从错误中吸取教训，而不是重蹈覆辙”，所以空处用“fromwhich”，故选C。13．D【详解】考查连接代词/副词。句意：在学校的慈善晚会上，每个学生都捐出了他或她所能负担得起的任何金额。A.whichever无论哪个；B.however无论如何；C.wherever无论哪里；D.whatever无论什么。根据句意“所能负担得起的任何金额”可知空处用whatever表示“所……的任何事物”，故选D项。14．A【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：面对人口和劳动力的下降，日本越来越多地求助于机器人。A.turningto求助于；B.puttingaway整理，收拾；C.takingup从事；占据；D.holdingback阻止。根据句中“Facedwithadecliningpopulationandworkforce”可知，人口和劳动力的下降，因此此处指日本转向机器人求助。故选A。15．B【详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：随着生态旅游的兴起，生态酒店正迅速成为旅游行业的宠儿。A.undercontrol处于控制中；B.ontherise在增加；C.beyonddescription无法用言语表达；D.inthedecline在下降。根据句中“eco-hotelsarefastbecomingthedarlingofthetravelindustry”可知，此处指生态旅游变得流行起来，选项B符合题意，故选B。16．D17．A18．C19．B20．D21．B22．B23．C24．A25．D26．D27．A28．C29．A30．B31．D32．A33．C34．B35．C【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者作为一名赛车手，他的工作和生活就是赢得比赛，然而两个孩子的故事彻底改变了他对赢的看法，他认为他们才是人生赢家。16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我五岁赢得第一场比赛后，我的生活就是赢得比赛。两个孩子，RayJ和Gil，改变了这一点。A.recognized认出；B.achieved获得；C.resigned辞职；D.changed改变。根据前文“lifewasaboutwinningraces”和尾段“Thetwokidsarethetrue20”可知，作者认为，两个孩子改变了他的这种观点。故选D项。17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说他不想耽误一天的工作。A.hating不愿；B.expecting期待；C.failing失败；D.refusing拒绝。根据后文““Forgetit,”Iinterrupted.“Yesfirst.””可知，我让Ray回家，说明Ray不想耽误工作。故选A项。18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的家庭是第一位的。A.fee费用；B.choice选择；C.family家庭；D.attitude态度。根据前文“RayhadtoleaveforhomebecausehissonRayJsuddenlydevelopedcancer.”可知，作者认为Ray应该回家照顾患了癌症家人，即家庭最重要。故选C项。19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：接下来的几个月对RayJ来说很困难，化疗和长时间住院。A.necessary必要的；B.difficult困难的；C.absurd荒谬的；D.unforgettable难忘的。根据后文“chemotherapy(化疗)andlongstaysinthehospital”可知，RayJ过得很困难。故选B项。20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他太虚弱了，几乎不能玩。A.hopeless无望的；B.desperate绝望的；C.careful仔细的；D.weak虚弱的。根据后文“thathecouldbarelyplay.”可知，RayJ虚弱的都不能玩。故选D项。21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个意志坚强的男孩一直在与疾病作斗争。A.easy-going随和的；B.strong-willed意志坚强的；C.hard-working努力工作的；D.absent-minded心不在焉的。根据后文“hadbeenfightingagainstillness”可知，RayJ是一个意志坚强的孩子。故选B项。22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：面对挑战，我总是开得更快，更努力。A.safer更安全；B.faster更快；C.wider更宽；D.harder更努力。根据后文“andpushingmyselfharder”和“astock-cardriverlikeme”可知，作为一个赛车司机，作者遇到挑战时会更努力、把车开的更快。故选B项。23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我人生中第一次觉得比赛不那么重要了。A.problem问题；B.possession职业；C.race比赛；D.adventure冒险。根据前文“AfterIwonmyfirstraceatfive,lifewasaboutwinningraces.”和“Buthowcouldastock-cardriverlikememakeadifferencetothekid?”可知，面对生病无助的孩子，作者认为比赛没那么重要。故选C项。24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的骨头很容易折断，一个拥抱可能会伤到其中一根。A.damage伤害；B.cure治愈；C.change改变；D.influence影响。根据前文“Hisbonesweresoeasytobreak”可知，甚至一个拥抱都有可能伤害到他的骨头。故选A项。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他笑得很开心。A.sound声音；B.goal目标；C.face脸；D.smile笑容。根据前文“Thatdayhewassittinginawheelchair,assmallasathree-year-oldchild,andhislegsweregnarledandatrophied(扭曲萎缩).”和“However,hehadabig”可知，即使Gil身体遭受极大痛苦，但是他很乐观，面带笑容。故选D项。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我怕把他的骨头弄碎，所以没有和他握手。A.examine检查；B.outstretch伸展；C.move移动；D.shake握手。根据前文“Forfearofbreakinghisbonesintopieces”可知，作者哲因为害怕伤害到Gil的骨头，没有握他的手。故选D项。27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我举起了手。A.Instead相反；B.Generally一般；C.Obviously明显地；D.Furthermore而且。后文“Iheldupmyhand.”与前文“Ididn’t11hishand.”是转折关系。故选A项。28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我屈膝，然后我们聊了起来。A.legs腿；B.feet脚；C.knees膝盖；D.ankles脚踝。根据上文“Thatdayhewassittinginawheelchair,assmallasathree-year-oldchild,”可知，作者屈膝和他说话。godownonone’sknees是固定短语，意为“跪下，屈膝”。故选C项。29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是纳斯卡的超级粉丝。A.fan粉丝；B.expert专家；C.competitor比赛者；D.developer研发者。根据后文“watchingthe