2025高考英语一轮复习：话题之自然灾害安全常识与自我保护（原卷版）

话题5自然灾害，安全常识与自我保护

I.阅读理解

A

（2024.四川成都七中模拟预测）

Therearepeopleforwhomthemotivationliesintheirfamilyorcompanions9

duties.Forsomepeople,thepurposeliesinasoul'sspiritualawakening.BrentClayton,

afirefighterbyprofession,isonesuchindividualwhofoundhispurposeearlyinlife

andkeptworkingtofulfillit.

BornonMarch3,1984,Claytonhugelyfelttheneedtoserveothers.Hefollowedhis

missioninlifeandacquiredhisdiplomainPublicSafety.Hegraduallyrealizedthe

importanceofsecuringpeople'slives,whichstrengthenedhisfaithinhis

mission.Claytonfurtherpursuedhisbachelor'sdegreefromTheUniversityof

Melbourneandmaster'sdegreefromFederationUniversity.Then,Claytonworkedin

themilitaryforaperiodbeforemovingintoarolewiththeprisonserviceasaprison

guard,theyoungestpersontoeverbeemployedbytheserviceatthetime.

Afterspendingadecadeinthefireserviceincludingtrainingandrecruitment（招募），

hegainedenoughexperiencetobecomeAustralia'smostprominentfireservice

recruitmentexpert.Claytondevotedmanyyearsofhislifetothefirefighter

recruitmentprocessandfireserviceindustry.Hewantedpeopletorealizethetrue

valueofthisprofessionbyestablishingitssignificance.Tocommunicatehis

perspective,ClaytonestablishedFireRecruitmentAustraliain2OO9.Heaimedtotrain

thenextgenerationandpreparethemforthefuture.Claytonusedhisexperienceand

years-longtrainingtopreparecandidateswhowereasenthusiasticaboutthewell­

beingoftheworldashim.

Keepingthepointinmind,ClaytonwrotethebookFireServiceRecruitment-the

ProcesstoSuccess.Hisideawastojoinhislearningintoanaccessiblemediumso

othersdidn'thavetowasteyearswonderingwhattodowhenapplyingtobecomea

firefighter.Afterthesuccessofthebook,Claytonintroducedcandidatestoa

comprehensivetestpreparationandlearningsuitetofacilitate（促进）success

throughouteachstageoftheselectionprocess.Thisplatformhelpedhimaswellashis

candidatestoworktogetherforthebettermentofthemselvesandultimatelysocietyat

large.

l.WhatmadeClayton'sbeliefstronger?

A.Themilitaryexperience.

B.Thesupportofhisfamily.

C.Thesignificanceofpeople'ssafety.

D.Theknowledgehelearnedfromcollege.

2.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"prominent“inparagraph

3?

A.Stubborn.B.Fearless.

C.Outstanding.D.Energetic.

3.WhydidClaytonsetupFireRecruitmentAustralia?

A.Becausehecouldearnagoodreputation.

B.Becausehewantedtojoinhislearningintoanaccessiblemedium.

C.Becausehewantedtorealizehisdreamofbeingafirefighterleader.

D.Becausehehopedtogetyoungpeoplereadyfortheirfuturecareer.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.AManwithGreatPurposeB.ABookforCareerSuccess

C.AnOrganizationforWell-beingD.AStandardforFirefighters

B

（2024・山东青岛统考三模）

By2050,68%oftheglobalpopulationwillliveincities.Thafs2.5billionmore

peoplethantoday.InEurope,threeoutoffourofusalreadyliveinurbanareas,and

theconsequencesofthatarebecomingclear.Researchersestimatethatninemillion

peopledieeveryyearasadirectresultofairpollution.Asourcitiesgrowandmore

peoplemoveintoalreadycrowdedspaces,whatdoweneedtodototransformour

urbanareasintohealthyplacestolive?Anincreasingbodyofresearchtellsusthatwe

shouldbelettingnaturebackin.

Greenspacesincitiesmitigatetheeffectsofpollutionandcanreducea

phenomenonknownastheurbanheatislandeffect,whichreferstoheattrappedin

built-upareas.Theeffectappearsintownsandcitieswheretheheatgeneratedby

people,transportandindustryistrappedinthenarrowroadsandconcretestructures,

unabletoescapetotheatmosphere.Thiscanbringthetemperatureinurbanareasup3

—4℃higherthanthesurroundingcountryside,andwiththatcomesasevere

cycle.Increasedtemperaturesinsummerleadtoanincreaseddemandforcooling.This

expandsourenergyconsumption,whichinturnbuildupfossilfuelconsumption,

increasingpollutantsintheairandharmfulsmogonourstreets.

Planningcitiestoincludegreenspaceswhereverpossibleisthefirststepin

makingoururbanareashealthier.Forexample,addingalayerofvegetationto

rooftopsandcreatinggreenroofshasproventoreducetheurbanheatisland

effect.Treesinourstreetsalsoplaytheirpart,andavarietyoftreespeciescanhavea

profoundeffect.Simplyhavingaccesstogreenspacesincitiescandowondersforour

stresslevelsandconcentrationatwork/Teopleneedtointeractwithnaturewhenever

theopportunityarises.Somethingassimpleasafive—to-ten—minutebreakduring

theworkdaycanimprovewell-beingandboostproductivity,“Cecibanexpert

studyingnatureincitiessays.

5.HowdoestheauthorbringinthetopicinParagraph1?

A.Bypresentingfacts.B.Bylistingexamples.

C.Bycomparingnumbers.D.Byquestioninganestimate.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"mitigate“meaninParagraph2?

A.Overcome.B.Change.

C.Ease.D.Shift.

7.Whatmightbeaconsequenceoftheurbanheatislandeffect?

A.Lowertemperature.B.Energyregeneration.

C.Fuelshortage.D.Airpollution.

8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowtoLetNatureBackIn

B.WhyWeNeedGreenSpacesinCities

C.HeatEffect：AnUnavoidableUrbanTrouble

D.GreenRoofs：TinyUrbanForests

C

ScienceandTechnologyCamp

•Full-daycampforstudentsaged12—14

•Four—weekprogramJuly5-30|Monday-Friday,9amto4pm

Week1|July5—9

Week2|July12—16

Week3|July19-23

Week4|July26-30

•RegistrationbeginsJune1,2024—registerforminimumtwoweeks.

•Fees:$75registrationfee.$795perweek.Fullpaymentmustbemadeatthetime

ofregistration.

•ThedeadlinefbrthecancellationtoreceiveafullrefundisJune15,2024.

CampStructure

Campdaysarecomprisedofeightsessionswithtwosessionsperdaywhilethe

finaldayoftheweekisreservedfbroverviewsandreflection.Themorningsessions

beginat9amandendat12noon,followedbyonehourforlunch.(Campersshould

bringtheirlunches.)Afternoonsessionsarescheduledfrom1pmto4pmwith15-

minutebreaksmidwaythrougheachsession.Snacksareprovidedatbreaktime.(Food

allergiesshouldbereportedatthetimeofregistration.)

CampContent

ScienceandTechnologycampaboveallemphasizesentertainmentwhile

teachingstudentsabouthowwebsitesaredesignedusingvariouscodinglanguages,

rocketdesign,practicalapplicationsofmathandphysics,andhowtobuildyourown

hydraulicsystem.

CampPersonnel

Thecampisheadedbythehusband-and-wifeteamofDoctorsJamesand

SophieClarkwhoareexpertsinthefieldsofcomputerscienceandmechanical

engineering.Ourmissionistomakesureeveryonefeelsfullysupportedandexcitedto

behere.

9.WhatisthelowestcostofattendingtheScienceandTechnologycamp?

A.$75.B.$795.

C.$l,590.D.$l,665.

10.WhatisthemainemphasisofScienceandTechnologycamp?

A.Rocketscience.B.Funinlearning.

C.Codinglanguages.D.Hands-onexperiences.

11.Whoarethecampleaders?

A.Mechanicalengineers.B.Medicaldoctors.

C.Amarriedcouple.D.Computertechnicians.

D

MercyBaggsisreflectingonherfuture/'ShouldIliveto95,Iwoulddoanother

parachutejump,“shesays.Shefirstjumpedwhenshewas77inhonorofher

achievementsasmayoroftheWiltshiretownofCalne.Thenshejumpedagainlast

March,adaybeforeher90thbirthday,toraisefundsforWiltshireairambulance.

“Thisisthethrillofit,“shesays.“Yougoup,andthenthatdooropensandthe

windstartstocomethrough.Youexperiencefree-fallforalongtime.^Shehas

alwaysenjoyedriskssinceshewasachild,whenpeopleusedtolookdownonher.But

nobodydoesnow.

Asachild,shelivedinpovertyandalsowentthroughupsanddowns.t6Iamvery

sensitivetopeoplewhoaremoreunfortunate,“Baggssays.Asayoungadult,she

joinedtheBritishTransportCommissionpolice,butdealingwithchildrenwho

couldn'tfindtheirparentswastoomuchtobear."Iknewwhattheyweregoing

through.Ilikekids.Ireallydo."LatersheleftthepoliceandworkedinWiltshire

council.Butnodoubtherchildhoodfedintoheractionsasacouncillor,andlater

mayorinCaine,whereshehelpedtosetupadrop-incentreforyoungpeople.The

drop-incenterwasoneofthecausessheraisedmoneyforwiththatfirstleapoutof

theplane.

Butwhyaparachutejump?Atthetime,herlatehusband,John,wasillwith

bowelcancer.Hesaid,“Idowishyouwouldn'tdoitJ'Shesaid,“John,it'slife.Fvegot

todosomething.

Baggshasneverbeenfazedbyageing.Shesaysthatshewantedtoshowthatyou

don'thavetositonyourbacksideknittingorwatchingtelevisionallthetime.There9s

aworldoutthere.There9salifeoutthere.Shehopesforatleastonemoreskydive,

maybeagoona100mphzipwireand“apeacefulend".

12.WhydidMercyBaggsmakeherfirstparachutejump?

A.Tocelebrateher90thbirthday.

B.Tomakeotherslookuptoher.

C.Toraisefundsforanairambulance.

D.Tbmarkhertermofofficeasmayor.

13.Whatimpactdidherchildhoodexperiencesmakeonhercareer?

A.Shedidparachutejumpsasapart-timejob.

B.Sheshowedgreatconcernforunluckychildren.

C.Shefounditverytoughtoworkwithyoungpeople.

D.Sheleftthedrop-incentreandpreparedarunformayor.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"fkzed“meaninthelastparagraph?

A.Disturbed.B.Abandoned.

C.Witnessed.D.Embarrassed.

15.WhatdoesBaggsintendtoconveywithonemorejump?

A.Itisnevertoooldtolearn.

B.Enjoylifewithherfamily.

C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.

D.Bebravetofacechallengesinlife.

E

Elizabethwouldn'twalkortalkasaninfant.Angela9sleftlegwassoenlarged

thatithurttostand.Emmaneededabreathingmachinejusttosleep.Theirsuffering

maytakedifferentforms,buttheirstoriesshareacommonthread：Neithertheynor

theirfamiliesknewwhatwasactuallycausingtheseissues.

ThosecasesarepreciselywheretheUndiagnosedDiseasesNetwork(UDN)

stepsin.Establishedin2008,theUDN'smissionistoprovideanswersforpatients

withdiseasesthatdoctorsareunabletodiagnose.Anyonecanapplytotheprogram

andtheUDNworkshardtoscreeneveryapplicationitreceives.

Today,theUDNcovers12clinicalsitesaroundthecountry,andhasevaluated

over1,400patients.Morethan400ofthosepatientshavereceivedadiagnosisthanks

totheUDN.Insomeofthesecases,thenetworkisabletomatchapatientwithan

alreadyknowncondition.Inothers,UDNresearchersmustworktodescribean

entirelynewdiseaseandenteritintothemedicaldictionary.Theprogramhasaddedat

least25entirelynewdiseasesinthisway.Additionally,theUDNcoversthecostofthe

tests,meaningpatientsaren'tburdenedwithcrushingmedicaldebt.

“Ithinkthey'vereallyadvancedandchangedthewholemodelforhowwe

approachmanyoftheseillnesses,“saysAnnePariser,directoroftheOfficeofRare

DiseasesResearch.ShesaystheUDN'smultidisciplinaryapproach-bringing

differentspecialiststogethertotalkaboutchallengingcases一hashelpedadvancethe

fieldofrarediseaseresearch,especiallywhenitcomestogeneticdiseases.

Livingwithadiseasewithoutanamecanbeitsownkindofsuffering."Yougrow

upfeelinglike,I'minthis,crazy,allbymyself,andnoonereallyunderstandsme,“

saysAngelaMoon,aUDNparticipant.Forpatientslikeher,theUDNoffershopefor

treatment,butalsoforfinallybeingseen.

16.Thepurposeofthefirstparagraphisto.

A.arousethereaders9interestintheUDN

B.giveavividdescriptionofrarediseases

C.introducethebackgroundfortheUDN'sfounding

D.raiseacomplicatedproblemthatwillbesolvedlater

17.Thethirdparagraphmainlytalksabout.

A.thewaytheUDNisoperatednationwide

B.theprogresstheUDNhasmadesofar

C.thereasonswhytheUDNissopopular

D.thedevelopmentstagestheUDNhasgonethrough

18.WhatcanbelearnedaboutAngelaMoon?

A.Sheusedtoliveindespair.

B.Shefailedtoidentifywithothers.

C.Sheisreceivingtreatmentnow.

D.Therewillbeacureforhercondition.

19.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheUDN'sworkmodel?

A.Ithashelpedspreadtheknowledgeofundiagnoseddiseases.

B.Itprioritizesparticipants5privacyoversolvingmedicalmysteries.

C.Itisspecificallydesignedtodealwithchallenginggeneticdiseases.

D.Itemphasizesclosecooperationbetweenspecialistsinseparatefields.

II.七选五

（2024•河北1月质检）

Weusuallydivideayearintofourseasons.However,inTraditionalChinese

Medicine（TCM）theory,therearefiveseasons——spring,summer,latesummer,fall,

andwinter.Eachofthefivehasmanyfeatureswhichguideustochangeourhabitsto

keepthebalancebetweenourbodyandtheexternalenvironment.

WinterinTCM

TheancientChinesebelievedthatwinteristheYinseasoninnature.1So,

winteristhetimeofyeartoreflectonhealth,savestrengthandregainenergy,

preparingourselvesforthestartofnewlifeinthespring.

Activitiesinwinter

InTCMtheory,winterisaseasontofeedourselvesbothspirituallyand

physically.2Forexample,wecandomorewriting,readingandothersoul—

nourishing（滋养灵魂的）activities.Althoughenergeticexerciseshouldbeavoided,ifs

importanttokeepourbodyhealthywithgentleexercise,especiallyoutdooractivities,

inwhichwecangetfreshairandsunlight.Inaddition,weshouldalsogotobedearlier

tosavemoreenergy.3

Foodsforwinter

Theprincipleofharmonybetweenwhatweeatandtheseasonisbasedon

hundredsofyearsofexperienceinTCM.ltsuggeststhatweembracelocally-grown

andseasonablefoods,whichisthewaynatureintendsustoeat.4Mostofthem

naturallygrowinthisseason-pumpkins,potatoes,rootvegetables,wintergreens,

carrots,cabbage,mushrooms,andpears.Besides,hotsoup,wholegrainsandroasted

nutsalsooffernourishmenttofeedthebodyincoldwintermonths.Butalways

remember,moderationinallthingsisimportant.

Moodsinwinter

AccordingtoTCMtheory,stress,depressionandunresolvedangercanalso

weakenourimmune（免疫的）system,allowingexternalfactorstoaffectourbodyin

winter.5Meditation（冥想）andbreathingtechniquesareparticularly

helpful,especiallyinrelievingstress.

A.People'smoodvarieswiththeseason.

B.Activitiesintheseasonhaveaturninwards.

C.Eatingoff-seasonfoodisnotgoodforhumanhealth.

D.Itisinactive,coldanddark,whichmakesusslowdown.

E.Duringthewinter,therearemanyfoodsbeneficialtous.

F.Everyonecanenjoywinteriftheyliveandexerciseproperly.

G.So,keepingagoodfeelingisespeciallyimportantinthiscoldseason.

Ill.完形填空

（2024,河北省张家口市高三一模）

Mostpeoplewilldoanythingforfamily,butnotmanyareofferedaconcrete

opportunitytosaveafamilymember'slife.JoseRamirez'sfamilyhadthat

opportunity,andthey]it.

Twoyearsago,Josewasdiscoveredtobe2fromkidney（肾脏）

failure.WhenJosetalkedtohis3aboutit,hisyoungersister,19-year-old

Kelsey,saidshewoulddonateakidneytohim-evenbeforeknowingwhethera

kidneytransplant（移植）wasa（n）4.

5，JoseandhisfamilydiscoveredtheMayoClinicKidneyTransplant

Program.ForJose,theprogramwasespeciallyhelpfulinexplainingand6his

parentsofthebenefitsofliving-donorkidneytransplants."Torthem,it'stwooftheir

kids,99Josesays.66Myparentsweremore7thananyofus,soitwasreally_8

forthemtogototheprogram'scourses."

Throughouttheprocess,Kelseyremained9toherinitialwishtobecome

Jose9skidneydonor.aaWhenhewasqualifiedtobeatransplantrecipient,I10,“

shesays.Afterseveralexaminationsandtests,Kelseygotherwish.Shewas11to

beJose'sdonor.Thetransplantwentsmoothly,andnowthetwohave12their

normallives.

Asforhissister'sgift,“Youcan9tjustsaythankyou,“Josesays."Idon'tknow

howtoexplainit.She13asurgerythatshedidn'thavetogothrough.Kelsey

14thatthegreatestthanksshecouldreceiveareseeingthatherbrotherhas

15.

l.A.createdB.took

C.affordedD.lost

2.A.learningB.separating

C.survivingD.suffering

3.A.doctorB.donor

C.familyD.nurse

4.A.optionB.aim

C.causeD.problem

5.A.ObviouslyB.Fortunately

C.SuddenlyD.Undoubtedly

6.A.warningB.accusing

C.remindingD.convincing

7.A.stressedB.excited

C.amazedD.disappointed

8.A.unwiseB.possible

C.beneficial