黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题

哈三中2024—2025学年度上学期高三学年期中考试英语试卷（满分150分时间120分钟）第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．WhatdidFredhaveforbreakfasttoday?A．Breadandanegg.B．Breadandanapple.C．Abananaandanapple.2．Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherself?A．Outgoing.B．Shy.C．Confident.3．Whenwillthewomanmeettheman?A．At7:30.B．At6:45.C．At6:00.4．Whatmaycausethewomantrouble?A．Missingaclass.B．Havingdinneroutside.C．Gettingbackhometoolate.5．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Ateacher.B．Atask.C．Amovie.第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第67题。6．Atwhattimewillthewomanmeetacustomer?A．2o’clock.B．3o’clock.C．4o’clock.7．Whowilldeliverthedocument?A．Ashley.B．Rebecca.C．Victor.听第7段材料，回答89题。8．Whyisn’tthewomanavailable?A．Sheisbusyatthepatientcareworkshop.B．Shehasadoctor’sappointment.C．ShehasameetingwithGreg.9．Whatrelationisthewomantotheman?A．Hiswife.B．Hisworkmate.C．Hispatient.听第8段材料，回答1012题。10．Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A．Toaskforhishelp.B．Toinvitehimtothemusicfestival.C．Tointroduceafolkbandtohim.11．Whenwillthespeakersgotogettickets?A．OnFriday.B．OnSaturday.C．OnSunday.12．Whatisthemostimportantforthespeakerstogettickets?A．Arrivingby6:00a.m.B．Takingsomethingtositon.C．Liningupinthepark.听第9段材料，回答1316题。13．Whoisthewomanstayingwithnow?A．Hermother.B．Herfather.C．Hersister.14．Whatwillthemandointheevening?A．Visitthewoman.B．Workonhisproject.C．Staywithhisrelatives.15．Howwillthemangotothewoman’shouse?A．Bybus.B．Bybike.C．Bycar.16．Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A．Inthemorning.B．Atnoon.C．Intheafternoon.听第10段材料，回答17—20题。17．WhereisCoopers?A．Ontheedgeoftown.B．Behindamarket.C．Nearthecollege.18．WhatisthegoodpointaboutShopsmart?A．Theprice.B．Theposition.C．Transport.19．WhatcanpeoplebuyinMass?A．Fruitandvegetables.B．Filesandpens.C．Souvenirs.20．WhatdoweknowaboutthemuseuminNewtown?A．Ithasitsownshop.B．ItisclosedonSunday.C．Itprovidesparkingspaces.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AArdenUniversityArdenUniversityhasphysicalstudycentresinLondon,Manchester,Birmingham,andBerlin,Germany,andalsooffershighqualityonlinebachelorandmasterdegreeprogrammestoBritishandinternationalstudentsallovertheworld.Theyhavesupportedover50,000studentswhileremainingtruetotheircorevalues,ensuringhighereducationisavailableforall.Coveringarangeofprofessionalsubjectsin12academicfields,ArdenUniversitymakesUKeducationaccessibleandaffordablethroughtheircreativestudyplatform.Clickheretoviewthisschool.UniversityofLondonInternationalProgrammesWehaveover60,000studentsineverycorneroftheglobestudyingonmorethan100differentprogrammes.Ourglobalfootprintandflexiblestudymethodhasenabledstudentstostudywherevertheylive.Asafamilyof19worldclasscollegesandadmiredinstitutes,theUniversityofLondonhasaninternationalreputationforacademicdistinctioninteachingandresearch.OurstudentsachieveexactlythesamestandardofinternationallyrecognizedqualificationasthosewhoattendtheUniversityitself.Clickheretoviewthisschool.UniversityofYorkTheUniversityofYorkisoneofthetoptenuniversitiesintheUKforteachingandresearch,andisrankedinthetop100universitiesintheworld.Thiswellestablisheduniversityconsistsofover30academicdepartmentsandresearchcentresandastudentbodyof13,000,andwasnamedTimesHigherEducationUniversityoftheYear2010.Mostofthedistancelearningcoursesaredesignedtomeetprofessionaldevelopmentneeds,andreflectthebenefitsofonlinelearninginthiscontext.Clickheretoviewthisschool.Lloyd’sMaritimeAcademyCourseoptionsincludepopularandwellestablisheddiplomasinMarine(海洋)Surveying,ShipManagement,andMaritimeLaw.Variousaccreditationlevelsareavailablefromshort,onlinebasedcertificatecoursestofullyaccrediteddiplomaandpostgraduatediplomastudyoptions.Wealsoofferourbestcourse—theMBAinShipping&.Logistics.Thecontinuedstrengthofthesedistancelearningprogrammeshaveover6,000studentsenrolledonourcourses.Clickheretoviewthisschool.1.Whichholdsthelargestnumberofstudents?A.ArdenUniversity. B.UniversityofYork.C.Lloyd'sMaritimeAcademy. D.UniversityofLondonInternationalProgrammes.2.WhatcanyoulearnatLloyd’sMaritimeAcademy?A.Howtobeatrainingteacher. B.Howtobeagoodprogrammer.C.Howtobeaprofessionalinshippingindustry. D.Howtobeanexcellentshipbuilder.3.Whatdothefourschoolshaveinmon?A.Theyallofferonlinecourses. B.TheyareonlyaccessibletotheBritish.C.Theyarealltoptenschoolsintheworld. D.Theywereallbuiltintheearly20thcentury.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了几所提供网上课程的大学。【1题详解】细节理解题。比较第一段中“Theyhavesupportedover50,000studentswhileremainingtruetotheircorevalues,ensuringhighereducationisavailableforall.(他们支持了5万多名学生，同时坚持自己的核心价值观，确保所有人都能接受高等教育。)”、第二段中“Wehaveover60,000studentsineverycorneroftheglobestudyingonmorethan100differentprogrammes.(我们有6万多名学生在全球各地学习100多个不同的课程。)”、第三段中“Thiswellestablisheduniversityconsistsofover30academicdepartmentsandresearchcentresandastudentbodyof13,000,andwasnamedTimesHigherEducationUniversityoftheYear2010.(这所历史悠久的大学由30多个学术部门和研究中心组成，拥有13000名学生，2010年被评为泰晤士高等教育大学。)”和第四段中“Thecontinuedstrengthofthesedistancelearningprogrammeshaveover6,000studentsenrolledonourcourses.(这些远程学习项目的持续实力使我们的课程招收了6000多名学生。)”学生数目可知，UniversityofLondonInternationalProgrammes有6万多学生，是人数最多的。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“CourseoptionsincludepopularandwellestablisheddiplomasinMarine(海洋)Surveying,ShipManagement,andMaritimeLaw.(课程选择包括流行和公认的海事测量、船舶管理和海商法文凭。)”可知，在Lloyd’sMaritimeAcademy可以了解如何成为航运业的专业人士。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“ArdenUniversityhasphysicalstudycentresinLondon,Manchester,Birmingham,andBerlin,Germany,andalsooffershighqualityonlinebachelorandmasterdegreeprogrammestoBritishandinternationalstudentsallovertheworld.(雅顿大学在伦敦、曼彻斯特、伯明翰和德国柏林设有体育学习中心，并为英国和世界各地的国际学生提供高质量的在线学士和硕士学位课程。)”、第二段中“Ourglobalfootprintandflexiblestudymethodhasenabledstudentstostudywherevertheylive.(我们的全球足迹和灵活的学习方法使学生可以在任何地方学习。)”及“OurstudentsachieveexactlythesamestandardofinternationallyrecognizedqualificationasthosewhoattendtheUniversityitself.(我们的学生获得了国际公认的资格标准，与那些在大学就读的学生完全相同。)”、第三段中“Mostofthedistancelearningcoursesaredesignedtomeetprofessionaldevelopmentneeds,andreflectthebenefitsofonlinelearninginthiscontext.(大多数远程学习课程的设计是为了满足专业发展的需要，并反映了在线学习在这一背景下的好处。)”和第四段中“Variousaccreditationlevelsareavailablefromshort,onlinebasedcertificatecoursestofullyaccrediteddiplomaandpostgraduatediplomastudyoptions.(从短期的在线证书课程到完全认可的文凭和研究生文凭学习选项，都有不同的认证级别。)”可知，它们都提供在线课程。故选A项。BMYGARDENISMYREFUGE(避难所);Ifindreflectiveisolationinit.Ihavesevenchildren,soourhouseisasceneoflivelyconfusion.Foralongtime,Iguardedthisplaceofpeaceandquiet.Whenthechildrenfollowedmeintothegarden,Iwouldhandoutchores.“Here:youweedthebeans,youwatertheonions.”Soontheywouldbehotortheirbackswouldhurtfrombendingover,andtheywouldleavemetomyself.Thenoneday,Iwastryingtopreparethesoil,andIhonestlywasn’tenjoyingmytimeofpeaceandloneliness.My13yearoldson,Josiah,pickedupasparespadeandbeganhelping.Workingasateam,wehadthepeapatchdugupandfertilizedinnotimeatall.IthankedJosiah,realizingthatIhadenjoyedhispany.Thesamethinghappenedwithpickinguprocksandplantingtheseeds—oneortwoofthechildrenwouldappeartowatchandthenparticipate.Eachtime,Iwouldfeelsurprisedtofindtheworkwaslighterfortheirhelp,andtheirlaughtermadetimepassfaster.SoIstoppedresentingtheirpanyandinsteadIbegantosharemygardeningsecrets.Asspringbecamesummerandtherealworkbegan,Iexpectedthechildrentodisappear,butno,theretheywere,watering,pullingweedsandcheckingforinsects.OnedayIslippedoutbymyselftothegarden,feelingalittlebitguilty.Ihadasuspicionthatthesugarsnappeaswereripe,andIwantedataste.AsIwalkedalongtherow,alittlevoicepipedupbehindme.“Whatareyoueating,Mama?”Abby’sbigblueeyessparkledasIshowedherhowtopullthestringsoffandpop(剥出)thepeasintohermouth.Shejustlovedhowtastytheywere.Thenmysweetsevenyearoldgirlputmetoshame.“Mama,I’vegottopickabunch.Won’ttheotherslovethem?Ican’twaittoshare.”IrealizedhowselfishIhadbeen.I’dtriedtokeepthejoysofgardeningtomyself,andherewasachildwhocouldn’twaittosharewithherbrothersandsisters.Iheldbacktearsandsaid,“Sure,honey,let’spicksomeandI’llshowyouhowtopreparethem.We’llmakethemostwonderfulsupper.”4.Whydidthewriteraskherchildrentodochoreswhenevertheywereinthegarden?A.Shedidn’twanttodoalltheworkonherown.B.Sheintendedtoshowthehardlaborofgardening.C.Shedidn’twantthemtogethurtorgettootired.D.Shewasdeterminedtokeepthegardentoherself.5.Whatwerethechildrenlike?①loud②lively③enterprising④loving⑤strongA.①②③④ B.①②④ C.①②③ D.④⑤6.Theunderlinedword“resent”probablymeans______.A.dislike B.expect C.keep D.sacrifice7.Whatdidthewritertrytotellthereaderswiththisstory?A.Thebestwaytomunicatewithchildrenisbyworkingtogether.B.Thegoldenruleofgardeningisthatmanyhandsmakelightwork.C.Everythingfeelsbetterwhensharedwithyourfamilyoryourfriend.D.Parentsshouldspendasmuchtimewiththeirchildrenaspossible.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过叙述作者与孩子们在花园中的互动经历，展现了作者从独自享受花园的宁静到与孩子们分享园艺乐趣的心路历程。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“MYGARDENISMYREFUGE(避难所);Ifindreflectiveisolationinit.Ihavesevenchildren,soourhouseisasceneoflivelyconfusion.Foralongtime,Iguardedthisplaceofpeaceandquiet.Whenthechildrenfollowedmeintothegarden,Iwouldhandoutchores.“Here:youweedthebeans,youwatertheonions.”Soontheywouldbehotortheirbackswouldhurtfrombendingover,andtheywouldleavemetomyself.(我的花园是我的避难所，我在其中找到了反思与独处的空间。我有七个孩子，所以我们的家总是充满喧嚣与混乱。很长一段时间里，我都守护着这片宁静之地。当孩子们跟着我走进花园时，我就会给他们分配家务活。“你来：给豆子除草，你给洋葱浇水。”很快，他们就会因为天气炎热或弯腰劳作而背痛，然后他们就会离开，让我独自享受这片宁静)”可知，每次孩子们在花园里时，作者都会让他们做家务活，目的是为了把孩子支开从而独享花园的宁静。故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Ihavesevenchildren,soourhouseisasceneoflivelyconfusion.(我有七个孩子，所以我们的家总是充满喧嚣与混乱)”可知，作者的孩子很吵闹；再根据文章第三段“Eachtime,Iwouldfeelsurprisedtofindtheworkwaslighterfortheirhelp,andtheirlaughtermadetimepassfaster.(每次，我都会惊讶地发现，有了他们的帮助，工作变得轻松多了，他们的笑声也让时间流逝得更快)”以及“Asspringbecamesummerandtherealworkbegan,Iexpectedthechildrentodisappear,butno,theretheywere,watering,pullingweedsandcheckingforinsects.(随着春天变成夏天，真正的农活开始了，我以为孩子们会消失得无影无踪，但没有，他们还在那里，浇水、除草、检查害虫)”可知，作者的孩子们非常活泼有爱。故选B。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章划线单词上文“Eachtime,Iwouldfeelsurprisedtofindtheworkwaslighterfortheirhelp,andtheirlaughtermadetimepassfaster.(每次，我都会惊讶地发现，有了他们的帮助，工作变得轻松多了，他们的笑声也让时间流逝得更快)”及下文“insteadIbegantosharemygardeningsecrets(反而开始与他们分享我的园艺秘诀)”可推测，作者开始不讨厌孩子们的陪伴，而且还开始分享自己的园艺秘诀。因此，划线词resent为“不喜欢、怨恨”之意。选项A“dislike(不喜欢)”；选项B“expect(期待)”；选项C“keep(保持)”；选项D“sacrifice(牺牲)”。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“IrealizedhowselfishIhadbeen.I’dtriedtokeepthejoysofgardeningtomyself,andherewasachildwhocouldn’twaittosharewithherbrothersandsisters.Iheldbacktearsandsaid,“Sure,honey,let’spicksomeandI’llshowyouhowtopreparethem.We’llmakethemostwonderfulsupper.”(我意识到自己有多自私。我一直想把园艺乐趣留给自己，而这里有个孩子迫不及待地想和她的兄弟姐妹分享。我强忍住泪水说：“当然，亲爱的，我们摘一些吧，我来教你如何准备。我们会做出最美味的晚餐。”)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者原本独自享受花园的宁静和独处时光，后来作者逐渐发现与孩子们一起园艺也有乐趣。于是作者开始享受与孩子们一起分享花园的时光。因此，作者试图用这个故事告诉读者的是：与家人或朋友分享时，一切都感觉更美好。这既体现了作者从独享到分享的情感变化，也传达了分享带来的积极情感体验。故选C。CWildanimalsareequippedwithavarietyoftechniquestoavoidbeinglunchforabiggeranimal,alsoknownasapredator(捕食者)innature.Themostwellknownmethodsincludetheclassicfightandflightaswellasfreeze.Ateamofresearcherswonderedwhetherclosenesstopeoplemightimpactthosesurvivalstrategies.“Weoftenseethatanimalsaremoretolerantaroundusinurbanareas,butwedon’treallyknowwhy.”saysevolutionarybiologistDanBlumstein.“Isitindividualplasticity,meaningindividualschangetheirfearofusandthatleadstotolerance?Orcantherebeanevolutionaryfactorinvolved?”Tofindout,Blumsteinandhiscolleaguesbinedinformationfrom173studiesofover100species,includingmammals,birds,fishandevenmollusks.Itturnsoutthatregardlessofevolutionaryancestry,theanimalsreactinasimilarwaytolifeamonghumans:theylosetheirantipredatorcharacteristics.Thatpatternisespeciallypronouncedforplanteatinganimalsandforsocialspecies.Thisbehavioralchangeisperhapsunsurprisingwhenit’sintentional,theresultofdomesticationorcontrolledbreeding.Butitturnsoutthaturbanizationaloneresultsinasimilarchange,thougharoundthreetimesmoreslowly.Themainpointis:we’reessentiallydomesticatinganimalsbyurbanization.We’reselectingforthesamesortsofcharacteristicsthatwewouldifwewereactuallytryingtodomesticatethem.Iftheurbanizationprocesshelpsanimalsbettercoexistwithpeople,itcouldbetotheirbenefit.Butifitmakesthemmoredefenselesstotheirnonhumanpredators,itcouldbearealproblem.Eitherway,theseresults,meanthatcitylivinghasenoughofaninfluenceonwildanimalsthatevolutionaryprocesseskickin.Thosereductionsinantipredatorcharacteristicsbeeencodedintheirgenes.We’rechangingthepopulationgeneticsonewayoranother.Whattheresearchersnowwonderiswhetherthemerepresenceoftouristsinlessurbanizedareascancausesimilarchangesinwildanimals.Ifso,seriousquestionsexistfortheideaofethical,welfareorientedecotourism.Ifwewishtohelpanimalskeeptheirantipredatordefenses,theresearcherssay,wemighthavetointentionallyexposeanimalstopredators.It’sjustyetoneotherwaythatwe’rechangingtheworldaroundus.8.TheresearchledbyBlumsteinisaimedat______.A.determininghowanimals’survivalisimpactedbyindividualplasticityB.studyinghowlivingamonghumansaffectsanimals’survivalstrategiesC.paringtheeffectivenessofdifferentsurvivaltechniquesD.findingoutwhichevolutionaryfactorimpactsanimals’survivalmethods9.Whichofthefollowingpracticesmaycontributetoanimalslosingantipredatorcharacteristics?A.Controlledbreedingofanimals. B.Banningtheoperationofecotourism.C.Plannedselectionoffavorablegenes. D.Eliminatingdomestication.10.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisBlumsteinlikelytoagreewith?A.Urbanizationhasmadewildanimalsmorealert.B.Urbanizationhasbroughtconcretebenefitstoanimals.C.Citylivinghasledtoanimals’geneticvariations.DCitylivinghashelpedtopreserveanimalspecies.11.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toamusepeoplewithrecentinterestingscientificfindings.B.Toremindpeopletohelpanimalssurviveinacorrectway.C.Topromoteecotourismincitiesaroundtheworld.D.Towarnpeopleofthedangerofanimalpresenceincities.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍一项关于野生动物与人类接近性对其生存策略影响的研究，向读者普及了相关的生物学知识和进化理论。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Ateamofresearcherswonderedwhetherclosenesstopeoplemightimpactthosesurvivalstrategies.“Weoftenseethatanimalsaremoretolerantaroundusinurbanareas,butwedon’treallyknowwhy.”saysevolutionarybiologistDanBlumstein.“Isitindividualplasticity,meaningindividualschangetheirfearofusandthatleadstotolerance?Orcantherebeanevolutionaryfactorinvolved?”(一组研究人员想知道与人的亲近度是否会影响那些生存策略。“我们经常看到动物在城市地区对我们更加容忍，但我们并不真正知道原因。”进化生物学家DanBlumstein说，“这是个体可塑性的表现，即个体改变了对我们的恐惧，从而变得更加容忍？还是可能涉及进化因素？”)”可知，DanBlumstein领导的研究旨在研究生活在人类中对动物生存策略的影响。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Itturnsoutthatregardlessofevolutionaryancestry,theanimalsreactinasimilarwaytolifeamonghumans:theylosetheirantipredatorcharacteristics.Thatpatternisespeciallypronouncedforplanteatinganimalsandforsocialspecies.Thisbehavioralchangeisperhapsunsurprisingwhenit’sintentional,theresultofdomesticationorcontrolledbreeding.(事实证明，无论进化祖先如何，动物对人类生活中的反应方式都是相似的：它们失去了反捕食者特性。这种模式在食草动物和社会性物种中尤为明显。当这种行为变化是有意为之时，比如驯化或受控繁殖的结果，这一点或许并不令人惊讶)”可知，控制繁殖可能导致动物失去反捕食者特性。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Iftheurbanizationprocesshelpsanimalsbettercoexistwithpeople,itcouldbetotheirbenefit.Butifitmakesthemmoredefenselesstotheirnonhumanpredators,itcouldbearealproblem.Eitherway,theseresults,meanthatcitylivinghasenoughofaninfluenceonwildanimalsthatevolutionaryprocesseskickin.Thosereductionsinantipredatorcharacteristicsbeeencodedintheirgenes.We’rechangingthepopulationgeneticsonewayoranother.(如果城市化进程有助于动物更好地与人类共存，那么这对它们来说可能是有益的。但如果这使它们在面对非人类捕食者时更加无力自卫，那么这可能是一个真正的问题。无论哪种方式，这些结果都意味着城市生活对野生动物的影响足够大，以至于启动了进化过程。这些反捕食者特性的减少被编码在它们的基因中。我们正以某种方式改变着种群的遗传学)”可知，研究表明城市生活可能会导致动物的遗传变异。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章开头提到了DanBlumstein领导的一项研究，该研究关注的是城市化对野生动物生存策略的影响。接下来文章详细描述了这项研究的内容、方法和一些初步的发现。然后，文章进一步探讨了这种影响可能带来的后果。由此可知，文章通过介绍城市化对野生动物的影响，以及这种影响可能带来的后果，实际上是在提醒人们关注这个问题，并思考如何以正确的方式帮助动物生存。故选B。DWhenevaluatingpeopleonvariouspsychologicaltests,psychologistsoftendistinguishbetweenmarkersofabsoluteperformanceandrelativeperformance.Absoluteperformancereflectstherawmeasurementofsomething,likethetimeittakestorunamile.Relativeperformanceishowapersonratesinrelationtotheirpeers,asinwhatplacearunnergetsinarace.Thestandardsweusetoevaluateourselvesarealmostalwaysrelative,aswepareourselvestoourpeersandthestandardsthataremostfamiliartous.Ourconsciousrecognitionofthesepeersandnormsiswhatsetsourexpectations,shapingourselfimageandhappiness.What’sinterestingabouttherelativeparisonsthatmostofusmakeisthatinwhateverareaoflifeweconsider—forexample,ourhighestlevelofeducation—it’snothowwefare(成功)inparisontotherestoftheworldthatseemstomattermost,butratherhowweparetoourclosestpeers.Forinstance,inmyprivatepractice,IhaveonepatientIwillcall“Omar”whoisdependentonsocialservicesandmakeslessthan$30,000peryearathisjob.Whilethislevelofpovertywouldleadmostpeopletowakeupdepressedeachday,OmarisoneofthemostoptimisticandappreciativeindividualsIknow.Why?Becausemostofhisclosestpeers—hissiblingsandfriendsfromchildhood—havelivesfarworsethanhis.IncontrasttoOmar,Ihaveanotherpatient,anadolescentI’llcall“Lena”,whosefamilyhaspropertyover$5million.Lena,however,livesinanupperclassneighborhoodwhereherfamilyisatthelowerendoftheinelevel.ThoughLena’sfamilyallowshertoenjoypossessionsandexperiencesthatlessthan1percentofherpeersacrosstheworldcanshare,sheconsistentlyfeels“lessthan”.Why?BecauseLenadoesn’tpareherselftotherestoftheworld;thisistooabstractanexerciseforher,asitwouldbeformostofus.Accordingly,whetherapsychologistispsychodynamicorcognitivebehavioral,therapy(疗法)withindividualsstrugglingwithsituationalorpsychologicaldepressionaimstosolvetheproblemsassociatedwithbasingone’sselfworthonparisonswithothers.Psychologiststrytohelppeoplefocusonpersonalgrowtharoundtheachievementofconcretegoalsinlinewiththeirvaluesindependentoftheachievementofothers.Forallofus,definingthesegoals,especiallyduringperiodsofemotionalcalm,cangoalongwayinhelpingustoavoidthetrapofrelativitythatoftenleadstosituationalandpsychologicaldepression.12.InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto______.A.showthesignificanceofevaluatingpeople.B.motivatereaderstostudypsychologicaltests.C.helppeopleperformwellinpsychologicaltestsD.providesomebackgroundinformationonevaluatingpeople.13.Whydoestheauthormentionhistwopatients?A.Tomeasuredifferentachievement.B.Tointroducethestandardstoevaluatepeople.C.Toexplainrelativeperformancewithexamples.D.Tocontrastrelativeperformanceandabsoluteperformance.14.Whatmessagedoesthelastparagraphconvey?A.Settinggoalsinlifeisessentialforeveryone.B.It’simportanttoavoidunhealthyparisons.C.Asenseofachievementcanaffectone’shappiness.D.Improvingselfworthcanhelpgetridofdepression.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Happiness:Isitallrelative? B.Happiness:Isitassociatedwithachievement?C.Selfworth:Isitbasedonefforts? D.Selfworth:Isitmeasurable?【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕心理学家在评估人们时如何区分绝对表现和相对表现这一主题展开，探讨了相对比较对个人自我认知、幸福感以及心理健康的影响。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Whenevaluatingpeopleonvariouspsychologicaltests,psychologistsoftendistinguishbetweenmarkersofabsoluteperformanceandrelativeperformance.Absoluteperformancereflectstherawmeasurementofsomething,likethetimeittakestorunamile.Relativeperformanceishowapersonratesinrelationtotheirpeers,asinwhatplacearunnergetsinarace.(在通过各种心理测试评估人们时，心理学家通常会区分绝对表现和相对表现这两个指标。绝对表现反映的是某项指标的原始测量值，比如跑一英里所需的时间。而相对表现则是指一个人相对于同龄人的表现，比如在比赛中获得的名次)”可知，第一段首先提到在通过各种心理测试评估人们时，心理学家通常会区分绝对表现和相对表现这两个指标。然后该段落对这两个概念进行了简单的解释和举例说明。因此第一段的主要目的是为读者提供一些关于评估人的背景信息，特别是关于心理学家在评估过程中使用的两个重要指标：绝对表现和相对表现。故选D。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Forinstance,inmyprivatepractice,IhaveonepatientIwillcall“Omar”whoisdependentonsocialservicesandmakeslessthan$30,000peryearathisjob.(例如，在我的私人诊所中，我有一位患者，我称他为“奥马尔”，他依赖社会服务，每年的工作收入不到3万美元)”以及“Becausemostofhisclosestpeers—hissiblingsandfriendsfromchildhood—havelivesfarworsethanhis.(因为他的大多数最亲近的同龄人——他的兄弟姐妹和儿时的朋友——的生活都比他糟糕得多)”可知，第三段介绍了作者的病人奥马尔，奥马尔虽然收入低，但因为他的大多数最亲近的同龄人的生活都比他糟糕得多，所以他很乐观。再根据第四段“IncontrasttoOmar,Ihaveanotherpatient,anadolescentI’llcall“Lena”,whosefamilyhaspropertyover$5million.(与奥马尔形成鲜明对比的是，我还有另一位患者，一个青少年，我称她为“莉娜”，她的家庭财产超过500万美元)”以及“BecauseLenadoesn’tpareherselftotherestoftheworld;thisistooabstractanexerciseforher,asitwouldbeformostofus.(因为莉娜不会将自己与世界其他地方的人进行比较；这对她来说太抽象了，对我们大多数人来说也是如此)”可知，第三段介绍了另一个病人莉娜，莉娜虽然家庭财产丰富，但在她所处的上流社会街区中，她的家庭收入处于较低端，因此她总是觉得自己“不如别人”。由此可知，作者通过描述两位患者的不同心态和背景，来具体说明相对表现的概念，即一个人相对于同龄人的表现如何。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Accordingly,whetherapsychologistispsychodynamicorcognitivebehavioral,therapy(疗法)withindividualsstrugglingwithsituationalorpsychologicaldepressionaimstosolvetheproblemsassociatedwithbasingone’sselfworthonparisonswithothers.Psychologiststrytohelppeoplefocusonpersonalgrowtharoundtheachievementofconcretegoalsinlinewiththeirvaluesindependentoftheachievementofothers.(因此，无论是心理动力学还是认知行为学派的心理学家，对于那些因情境或心理抑郁而困扰的个体的治疗，都旨在解决将自我价值建立在与他人比较之上的问题。心理学家试图帮助人们关注个人成长，围绕符合其自身价值观的具体目标的实现，而不是依赖于他人的成就)”可知，心理学家的目标之一是帮助人们避免将自我价值建立在与他人的比较上，本段表达了避免不健康的比较是很重要的。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章首先介绍了心理学家在评估人们时如何区分绝对表现和相对表现，并通过具体例子解释了相对表现的概念。接着，文章探讨了相对比较对个人自我认知、幸福感以及心理健康的影响，特别是如何通过避免不健康的比较来提高个人的幸福感和心理健康。由此可知，选项A“Happiness:Isitallrelative?(幸福：一切都是相对的吗？)”准确概括了文章的主题和核心内容，即相对比较如何影响个人的幸福感和心理健康。故选A。第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。GettingLostinaGoodBookCanHelpKeepYouHealthyI’manovelistandit’sobviouslyinmyinteresttoencouragepeopletoread.Butthere’sincreasingevidencethatreadingisn’tjustforpleasure,ormerelyawayofimprovingliteracyskillsandfactualknowledge.___16___Firstly,readinghelpstolengthenattentionspansinchildrenandimprovestheirabilitytothinkclearly.____17____Itisessentialtolearnthisskillasasmallchild.Themoretheydoit,thebettertheygetatit.Also,readingcanhelppeoplelearntoempathize(产生共鸣).ArecentstudyattheUniversityofMichiganfoundthattherehadbeena48%decreaseinempathyamongcollegestudents.____18____Inaputergame,youmighthaverescuedaprincess,butyoudon’tcareabouther,youjustwanttowin.Butaprincessinabookhasapast,presentandfuture,shehasconnectionsandmotivations.Wecanrelatetoher.Weseetheworldthroughhereyes.Asamatteroffact,readingisfarfromapassiveactivity.Readingexercisesthewholebrain.Whenwereadandimaginethelandscapes,sounds,smellsandtastesdescribedonthepage,thevariousareasofthebrainthatareusedtoprocesstheseexperiencesinreallifeareactivated,creatingnewneuralpathways.___19___Thisdoesn’thappenwhenwe’rewatchingTVorplayingaputergame.Gettingsuckedintoagoodnovelappearstobebeneficialtoourmentalhealthtoo.____20____Readingnotonlyavoidsfeelingsoflonelinessithelpsustowinddown,destressandforgetourownproblemsforawhile.A.Storieshaveastructurethatencouragestheirbrainstothinkinsequence,tolinkcause,effectandsignificance.B.Inotherwords,ourbrainsmodelrealexperiences,justasifwewerelivingthemourselves.C.Whenwereadagoodbook,we’retryingtofindoutitsmainidea.D.Itmightactuallybegoodforourmentalandphysicalhealthtoo.E.Butthosewhodidnotenjoytheseactivitieshadlotsofloss.F.Astheoldsayinggoes,“You’reneveralonewithabook.”G.Encouragingreadingcouldoverethis.【答案】16.D17.A18.G19.B20.F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。越来越多的证据表明，阅读不仅仅是为了娱乐，或者仅仅是提高读写能力和事实知识的一种方式，阅读还对身心健康也有好处。文章主要说明了阅读对人产生的一些积极作用。【16题详解】根据上文“Butthere’sincreasingevidencethatreadingisn’tjustforpleasure,ormerelyawayofimprovingliteracyskillsandfactualknowledge.(但越来越多的证据表明，阅读不仅仅是为了娱乐，或者仅仅是提高读写能力和事实知识的一种方式)”结合后文主要说明了阅读对人身心所产生的好处，且上文中reading可对应到D选项中it。故D选项“事实上，它可能对我们的身心健康也有好处”符合语境，故选D。【17题详解】根据上文“Firstly,readinghelpstolengthenattentionspansinchildrenandimprovestheirabilitytothinkclearly.(首先，阅读有助于延长孩子的注意力，提高他们清晰思考的能力)”以及后文“Itisessentialtolearnthisskillasasmallchild.Themoretheydoit,thebettertheygetatit.(从小学习这项技能是很重要的。他们做得越多，做得就越好)”可知，本句为过渡句，承接上文具体说明阅读是如何提高思考能力的，且上文中improvestheirabilitytothinkclearly可对应