专题03科学与技术篇(一)(解析版)

专题03科学与技术篇（一）Text21（2022秋·山东东营·高一广饶一中校考阶段练习）Populationsofhumpbackwhales(座头鲸)thatliveindifferentplacescanlearnlong,complicated(复杂的)songsfromoneanother.ScientistsattheUniversityofQueensland,inAustralia,focusedontwopopulationsofhumpbackwhales,onebyAustralia’seastcoastandtheotheroffNewCaledonia—agroupofislandsinthePacificOceanabout900milesaway.Thesepopulationsmaysharefeedinggroundsorcomeacrossoneanotherwhilemovingfromoneplacetoanother.Onlymalewhalessing.Theirsongsareknowntobemadeupofawidevarietyofdifferentsoundsarrangedintopatterns(模式)andcanlastforhours.Theresearcherslistenedtosamples(样本)ofmalehumpbacksongsfrom2009to2015.Theyfoundouthowcomplicatedthesongswerebasedonthenumberofsoundsandhowlongthepatternslasted.“TheteamfoundthatthewhalesfromNewCaledoniawereabletosingthesamesongsastheAustralianwhaleswithoutsimplifyingorleavinganythingout,”saidleadresearcherJennyAllen.Thiswastruenomatterhowcomplicatedthesongswere.Thewhalesalsosangadifferentsongeachyear.“Itmeanshumpbackwhalescanlearnawholesongpatternfromanotherpopulationveryquickly,”Allensaid.Itisnotknownforsurewhymalewhalessing,buttwopossiblereasonsaretoattractamateortowarnothermalestostayoutofaprivatearea.Inadditiontohumpbacks,onlyafewotherspeciesofwhales(blue,fifin,bowhead,andminkewhales)sing.Humpbackwhalenumbershavebeenbadlyaffectedbyhunting,whichwasstoppedbylawinthe1980s.Todaytherearethoughttobeabout40,000humpbacksswimminginAustralia’swaters,althoughscientistswarnthatthespeciesstillfacesanumberofthreatsinthewild.Allensaidthestudy’sfindingswillaideffortstosaveandprotecthumpbackwhales.1．WhydidtheresearcherschooseAustralianwhalesandwhalesfromNewCaledonia?A．Theyarequicklearners.B．Theyaregoodatsinging.C．Theyhavethechancetomeet.D．Theyhavethesamelivinghabit.2．Whatdoweknowabouthumpbackwhalesinthestudy?A．Theycouldshowwheretheycamefromthroughsongs.B．Theyattracteddifferentspeciesofwhalesthroughsongs.C．Theyincreasedsoundnumbersandpatternlengtheveryyear.D．Theywereabletolearneachother’ssongsexactlyandquickly.3．WhatdoesAllenthinkofthestudy?A．Easy. B．Warning. C．Meaningful. D．Pioneering.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．WhymalehumpbackwhalescansingB．HumpbackwhalesprefercomplicatedsongC．HowwhalescommunicatewitheachotherD．Humpbackwhaleslearnsongsfromoneanother【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，生活在不同地方的座头鲸群体可以相互学习长而复杂的歌曲。1．【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Thesepopulationsmaysharefeedinggroundsorcomeacrossoneanotherwhilemovingfromoneplacetoanother.”（这些种群在从一个地方迁移到另一个地方时，可能会共享觅食地或彼此相遇。）可知，澳大利亚鲸鱼和新喀里多尼亚鲸鱼在从一个地方迁移到另一个地方时，可能会彼此相遇，所以研究人员选择了它们，由此可知，研究人员选择澳大利亚鲸鱼和新喀里多尼亚鲸鱼，因为它们有机会相遇。故选C项。2．【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段关键句““TheteamfoundthatthewhalesfromNewCaledoniawereabletosingthesamesongsastheAustralianwhaleswithoutsimplifyingorleavinganythingout,”saidleadresearcherJennyAllen.”（首席研究员珍妮·艾伦表示：“研究小组发现，来自新喀里多尼亚的鲸鱼能够唱出与澳大利亚鲸鱼相同的歌曲，而不会简化或遗漏任何内容。”）和““Itmeanshumpbackwhalescanlearnawholesongpatternfromanotherpopulationveryquickly,”Allensaid.”（艾伦说：“这意味着座头鲸可以很快地从另一种群中学习到完整的歌唱模式。”）可知，研究表明，不同种群的座头鲸可以很快地从另一种群中学习到完整的歌唱模式，而不会简化或遗漏任何内容，由此可知，座头鲸能够准确快速地学习对方的歌曲。故选D项。3．【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Allensaidthestudy’sfindingswillaideffortstosaveandprotecthumpbackwhales.”（艾伦说，这项研究的发现将有助于拯救和保护座头鲸。）可知，艾伦认为这项研究的发现将有助于拯救和保护座头鲸，由此可知，艾伦认为这项研究是有意义的。故选C项。4．【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“Populationsofhumpbackwhales(座头鲸)thatliveindifferentplacescanlearnlong,complicated(复杂的)songsfromoneanother.”（生活在不同地方的座头鲸群体可以相互学习长而复杂的歌曲。）可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，生活在不同地方的座头鲸群体可以相互学习长而复杂的歌曲，“Humpbackwhaleslearnsongsfromoneanother”意为“座头鲸互相学习歌曲”，选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选D项。Text22（2022秋·重庆·高一重庆市第三十七中学校校考期末）Patientswithalong-termillnesscanbeveryboredwhilerecoveringathome.Thiscanbeespeciallytrueofchildrenwhomayfeelcutofffromtheirfriendsandclassmates.Now,aNorwegiancompanyfeaturesarobot,whichkeepskidsintouchwithfriendsandtheclassroomtomakethemfeellesslonely.TherobotcalledAvatarI(AVI)“sits”intheclassroom,takingtheplaceofthechild,andallowsparticipationandengagement(参加)withteachersandclassmates.Inotherwords,thechildrencantakepartinclassesfromwherevertheyarerecoveringwiththeirschoolfriends’help.Theycarrytherobotbetweenclassesandplacetherobotontheirdesks.TheNorwegiancompanycreatedtherobotwithitsco-founder,KarenDolva,whoexplainshowtherobotworks.ShesaysfromhomethechildusesaniPadoraphonetostarttherobot,controltherobot’smovementswithtouch,andtalkthroughit.Thechildcantakepartinclassroomactivities.Therobotisequippedwithspeakers,microphonesandcamerasthatmakecommunicatingeasy.Soitactsastheeyesandtheearsandthevoiceofthechildwhoistooilltobephysicallyatschool.InsideAVIisasmallcomputerconnectedtoa4Gnetwork.AVIwasdesignedtobetough.Itwon’tallowwatertopassthroughitandcantakeafallfromadeskwithoutdamage.AVIislargeandlookslikeahumanforareason.Dolvasaysitcan’tbejustatinycamerabecausetheotherkidscan’tpickitupandtakeitwiththem.Thisisimportantbecausetherobotissupposedtobeafriendtothechildren.HopefullyAVIwillhelpsomechildrenfeellesslonelywhiletheyareabsentfromclass.5．Whatistherobotmentionedinparagraph1mainlydesignedfor?A．Gettingthesickchildrenconnectedwithschoolwork.B．Helpingtherobotmakemoreandmorefriends.C．Helpingthesickchildrenlightentheirloneliness.D．Makingtherobottakecareofthesickchildren.6．Whatcanthesickchildrendothroughtherobot?A．Theycanrecoverfromalong-termillnessverysoon.B．Theycanseetheirteachersandfriendsatanytime.C．Theycanasktherobottodohomeworkforthem.D．Theycandoclassroomactivitiesathomeorathospital.7．Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Howthecompanyhascreatedtherobot. B．Howtherobotcanworksuccessfully.C．Whatfunctionstherobotareequippedwith. D．Whatbenefitstherobotcanbringabout.8．Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?A．Ahealthreport. B．Asciencemagazine.C．Apubliclecture. D．Aproductinstruction【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一款机器人，可以帮助生病的孩子缺课时感到不那么孤独。5．【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Now,aNorwegiancompanyfeaturesarobot,whichkeepskidsintouchwithfriendsandtheclassroomtomakethemfeellesslonely.(现在，一家挪威公司推出了一款机器人，可以让孩子们与朋友和教室保持联系，让他们不那么孤独)”可知，机器人主要是为了帮助生病的孩子减轻他们的孤独感而设计的。故选C项。6．【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Inotherwords,thechildrencantakepartinclassesfromwherevertheyarerecoveringwiththeirschoolfriends’help.(换言之，孩子们可以在学校朋友的帮助下，从任何他们正在康复的地方参加课堂活动)”可知，生病的孩子可以通过机器人在家或在医院做课堂活动。故选D项。7．【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段中“TheNorwegiancompanycreatedtherobotwithitsco-founder,KarenDolva,whoexplainshowtherobotworks.

ShesaysfromhomethechildusesaniPadoraphonetostarttherobot,controltherobot’smovementswithtouch,andtalkthroughit.

Thechildcantakepartinclassroomactivities.

Therobotisequippedwithspeakers,microphonesandcamerasthatmakecommunicatingeasy.

Soitactsastheeyesandtheearsandthevoiceofthechildwhoistooilltobephysicallyatschool.

InsideAVIisasmallcomputerconnectedtoa4Gnetwork.(这家挪威公司与其联合创始人卡伦·多尔瓦一起创造了这款机器人，她解释了机器人的工作原理。她说，孩子在家里用iPad或手机启动机器人，通过触摸控制机器人的动作，并通过它说话。孩子可以参加课堂活动。这款机器人配备了扬声器、麦克风和摄像头，便于交流。因此，它就像孩子的眼睛、耳朵和声音一样，为那些病得不能上学的孩子提供帮助。在AVI内部是一台连接到4G网络的小型计算机)”可知，本段主要讲的是这款机器人如何工作的。故选B项。8．【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Patientswithalong-termillnesscanbeveryboredwhilerecoveringathome.Thiscanbeespeciallytrueofchildren.Theymayfeeloutofffromtheirfriendsandclassmates.Now,thesechildrenmayhaveahigh-techfriendtohelpfeellesslonely.Thatfriendisarobot.(患有长期疾病的病人在家休养时可能会感到非常无聊。对孩子来说尤其如此。他们可能会感到与朋友和同学疏远。现在，这些孩子可能有一个高科技朋友来帮助他们减少孤独感。那个朋友是个机器人)”以及下文对机器人的介绍，可推断这篇文章可能出自于科学杂志。故选B项。Text23（2022秋·陕西渭南·高一统考期末）Teensarereallygoodatignoring(忽视)theirparents’messages,whichiswhyNickHerbert,afatherfromLondon,createdanappcalledReplyASAP.NickcameupwiththeideaforReplyASAPafterrealizingthatsimplygivinghissonamobilephonedidn’tmakegettingintouchwithhimeasier.Hewasn’tansweringNick’smessagesasfastasNickhadexpected.Itwasdrivingthefathercrazy,sohesetouttocreateamessagingappthatwouldmakereachingkidseasierforparents.Ittookeightmonthsandalotofmoneytocompletetheproject,butNickthinksReplyASAPcouldreallytakeoff,asitislikelytogiveparentssomepeaceofmind.ReplyASAPisdesignedwithparentsinmind.Itletsthemknowiftheirchildhasseentheirmessage,oriftheirphoneisturnedoff.However,mostimportantly,itmakesitimpossibleforkidstoignoremessages.Whentheyreceiveatextfromtheirparents,theappbasicallylockstheirphone,takingoverthehomescreenandsoundinganalarmuntilthemessageisanswered.ItseemsthatReplyASAPwillbecometeenagers’biggestnightmare(噩梦),bymakingitimpossibletoignoretheirparents.Nickagreesthatit’sapossibility,butaddsthathisappshouldn9tbeparents9mostimportantwayofcommunicatingwiththeirchildren.ReplyASAPisfreetodownload(下载),butoffersaseriesofplans,dependingonhowmanypeopleyouareplanningtogetintouchwith.ItworksonlyonAndroidnow.Butthat’sonlyashort-termshortcoming(缺点),asNickwantstomakeReplyASAPbefoundontheAppleStoreassoonaspossible.9．WhatdroveNickHerbertcrazy?A．Creatingamessagingapp.B．Ignoringhisparents9messages.C．Hissonnotreplyingtohimintime.D．Notgettingintouchwithhisfriends.10．ForwhomdidNickHerbertcreateReplyASAP?A．Parents. B．Kids. C．Teachers. D．Workers.11．WhywillReplyASAPbecometeenagers’biggestnightmare?A．ItworksonlyonAndroidatpresent.B．It’simpossibletoignoretheirparents.C．Itallowsteenagerstofightwiththeirparents.D．Ithasabadinfluenceontheirstudy.12．Whatcanweknowfromthetext?A．ChildrenwillstudybetterwithReplyASAP.B．PeoplehavetopaytodownloadReplyASAP.C．NickspenttenmonthscompletingReplyASAP.D．ReplyASAPcan’tworkontheAppleStorenow.【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，介绍一名父亲因为孩子经常没有及时回复消息，因而开发了一款名叫ReplyASAP手机软件，且介绍了这款软件。9．【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Hewasn’tansweringNick’smessagesasfastasNickhadexpected.Itwasdrivingthefathercrazy(他没有像Nick预期的那样快速回复Nick的短信。这让父亲发疯了)”可知，尼克的儿子没有像预期的那样及时回复尼克的短信，这让他发疯。故选C项。10．【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“ReplyASAPisdesignedwithparentsinmind.(ReplyASAP是为父母而设计的。)”可知，NickHerbert为父母们创建了ReplyASAP。故选A项。11．【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“ItseemsthatReplyASAPwillbecometeenagers’biggestnightmare(噩梦),bymakingitimpossibletoignoretheirparents.(看来，ReplyASAP让青少年不可能忽视父母，将成为他们最大的噩梦)”可知，ReplyASAP会成为青少年最大的噩梦的原因是忽略他们的父母是不可能的，故选B项。12．【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“ItworksonlyonAndroidnow.Butthat’sonlyashort-termshortcoming(缺点),asNickwantstomakeReplyASAPbefoundontheAppleStoreassoonaspossible.

(它现在只在Android上起作用。但这只是一个短期的缺点，因为尼克想尽快在苹果商店找到ReplySAP)”可知，ReplyASAP只能在安卓设备上使用，现在无法在苹果应用上运行，故选D项。Text24（2023秋·山东菏泽·高一统考期末）Zhaobicanbefoundoutsidetheentranceofavarietyofbuildings,nottobeconfusedwithyingbiwhicharesimilarstructuresfoundontheothersideofthegate,andintheirearliestformduringthewesternZhoudynasty(c.11thcentury-771BC),werebuilttoservethefunctionofawealthandpowersymbol.Theywereallowedforonlythehighestmembersofsociety,noblemen,dukesandprinces.Seeingzhaobioutsideabuildingwouldletpassers-byknowthatthisistheresidenceofsomeoneofextremeimportance,whilealsoservingthepracticalfunctionofprotectingprivacybyblockingtheentrancefromanyspyingeyes.Withthepassingoftimeandsocialchanges,bytheTang(618-907)andlaterSong(960-1279)dynasties,therewaslessexclusivityaboutwhocouldbuildzhaobi,butmoreimportantlytherewasalsoachangeinthemeaningandpurposeofthewalls.Insteadofrepresentingsocialposition,zhaobitookonamoremysteriouspurpose,comingtoplayaroleintheformoffengshui,apracticewhichfocusedonachievingharmonyandbalanceinallthings.Itwasbelievedthataswellasfunctioningasaphysicalblockforone’sprivacy,zhaobiwouldactasadeterrentagainstgui,orwanderingdangerousspirits,whichwouldattempttoharmahome,butbeingunabletoturncorners,zhaobiwouldpreventsuchaction.Aswellasofferingthisspiritualprotection,theirlocationwouldallowforbetterflowofqi,orimportantenergy,helpingtoconserveitinthebuilding.Movingfurtherforwardintime,zhaobibecamemoreofaformofartisticexpressionandcreativity,withpoetry,paintingsandcharactersrepresentingluckandgoodfortuneappearingonthewalls,withfamiliesusingzhaobiasaplatformtotelltheirfamilyhistoryandachievements.13．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword?A．strength B．fortune C．entrance D．protection14．Howmanyfunctionsofzhaobiarementionedinthetext?A．4 B．5 C．6 D．715．Howisthetextdeveloped?A．Byfollowingthetimeorder. B．BymakingacomparisonC．Byshowingexamples. D．Bylistingfigures16．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Thedifferencebetweenzhaobiandyingbi. B．Thechangesinthefunctionsofzhaobi.C．Ageneralintroductionofzhaobi. D．Thelonghistoryofzhaobi.【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了照壁的主要功能以及变化。13．【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“againstgui,orwanderingdangerousspirits,whichwouldattempttoharmahome,butbeingunabletoturncorners,zhaobiwouldpreventsuchaction”可知，照壁可以用来保护家里不受鬼的侵害，因为鬼无法转弯，照壁可以阻止它们。故画线词意思是“保护”。故选D。14．【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Seeingzhaobioutsideabuildingwouldletpassers-byknowthatthisistheresidenceofsomeoneofextremeimportance,whilealsoservingthepracticalfunctionofprotectingprivacybyblockingtheentrancefromanyspyingeyes.(在建筑物外看到照壁，行人就会知道这是一个非常重要的人的住所，同时也起到了保护隐私的实际作用，阻止了任何窥视的眼睛)”；第二段中“Insteadofrepresentingsocialposition,zhaobitookonamoremysteriouspurpose,comingtoplayaroleintheformoffengshui,apracticewhichfocusedonachievingharmonyandbalanceinallthings.(照壁并没有代表社会地位，而是有了一个更神秘的目的，以风水的形式发挥作用，这是一种专注于实现万物和谐与平衡的实践)”；倒数第二段“Itwasbelievedthataswellasfunctioningasaphysicalblockforone’sprivacy,zhaobiwouldactasadeterrentagainstgui,orwanderingdangerousspirits,whichwouldattempttoharmahome,butbeingunabletoturncorners,zhaobiwouldpreventsuchaction.Aswellasofferingthisspiritualprotection,theirlocationwouldallowforbetterflowofqi,orimportantenergy,helpingtoconserveitinthebuilding.(人们相信，照壁不仅可以作为一个人的隐私的实体屏障，还可以威慑那些企图破坏房屋的妖怪，因为鬼无法转弯，所以可以阻止这种行为。在提供这种精神保护的同时，它们的位置还能让气（重要的能量）更好地流动，有助于在建筑中保存气)”以及最后一段“Movingfurtherforwardintime,zhaobibecamemoreofaformofartisticexpressionandcreativity,withpoetry,paintingsandcharactersrepresentingluckandgoodfortuneappearingonthewalls,withfamiliesusingzhaobiasaplatformtotelltheirfamilyhistoryandachievements.(随着时间的推移，照壁越来越成为一种艺术表达和创造力的形式，代表吉祥和好运的诗歌、绘画和人物出现在墙上，家庭用照壁作为平台来讲述他们的家族史和成就)”可知，提到了六个功能。故选C。15．【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Zhaobicanbefoundoutsidetheentranceofavarietyofbuildings,nottobeconfusedwithyingbiwhicharesimilarstructuresfoundontheothersideofthegate,andintheirearliestformduringthewesternZhoudynasty(c.11thcentury-771BC),werebuilttoservethefunctionofawealthandpowersymbol.(照壁位于各种建筑的入口外，不要与应璧混淆，应璧是在大门的另一侧发现的类似结构，其最早的形式是在西周时期（公元前11世纪-公元前771年），是用来作为财富和权力的象征)”以及第二段中“Withthepassingoftimeandsocialchanges,bytheTang(618-907)andlaterSong(960-1279)dynasties,therewaslessexclusivityaboutwhocouldbuildzhaobi,butmoreimportantlytherewasalsoachangeinthemeaningandpurposeofthewalls.(随着时间的推移和社会的变化，到了唐朝(618-907年)和后来的宋朝(960-1279年)，谁能建造照壁的排他性减少了，但更重要的是，照壁的意义和用途也发生了变化)”可推知，文章按照时间顺序展开。故选A。16．【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Withthepassingoftimeandsocialchanges,bytheTang(618-907)andlaterSong(960-1279)dynasties,therewaslessexclusivityaboutwhocouldbuildzhaobi,butmoreimportantlytherewasalsoachangeinthemeaningandpurposeofthewalls.(随着时间的推移和社会的变化，到了唐朝(618-907年)和后来的宋朝(960-1279年)，谁能建造照壁的排他性减少了，但更重要的是，照壁的意义和用途也发生了变化)”以及最后一段“Movingfurtherforwardintime,zhaobibecamemoreofaformofartisticexpressionandcreativity,withpoetry,paintingsandcharactersrepresentingluckandgoodfortuneappearingonthewalls,withfamiliesusingzhaobiasaplatformtotelltheirfamilyhistoryandachievements.(随着时间的推移，照壁越来越成为一种艺术表达和创造力的形式，代表吉祥和好运的诗歌、绘画和人物出现在墙上，家庭用照壁作为平台来讲述他们的家族史和成就)”可知，这篇文章的主旨是照壁功能的变化。故选B。Text25（2023秋·河北唐山·高一滦南县第一中学校考期末）EngineersandscientistsattheUniversityofTexasatAustinhavedevelopedauniquesolutiontohelppeopleintheseareasgetcleandrinkingwater.Theydevelopedalow-costgelfilm(凝胶膜)thatcanpullwaterfromtheairineventhedriestclimate(气候).Justonekilogramofgelcancollectuptosixlitersofwaterinadryclimate.Forthoselivinginaclimatewithrelativehumidity(潮湿),onekilogramofgelcancollectupto13litersofwateraday.Asthegelissoinexpensiveandeasytomake,itmayofferawayofprovidingdrinkingwatertocountrieswithwatershortages.Researchershaveharvestedfreshwaterfromfoganddewbefore,butthatonlyservesareaswithhighhumidity.Otherattemptsatpullingwaterfromdesertairrequirelotsofenergyanddonotproducemuch.Infact,thisgelisabigimprovementfromearlierwaterharvestingtechnologies.Themaximumwaterharvestedhasbeen5.87litersinplaceswithrelativehumidity.Thisnewgeldoublesthisamount,usesnoenergyandissimpletooperate.“Thisnewworkisaboutpracticalsolutionsthatpeoplecanusetogetwaterinthehottest,driestplacesonEarth,”saidGuihuaYu,professorattheCockrellSchoolofEngineering.“Thiscouldallowmillionsofpeoplewithoutaccesstodrinkingwatertohavesimple,watergeneratingdevices(取水装置)athomethattheycaneasilyoperate.”“Thisisnotsomethingyouneedanadvanceddegreetouse,”thepaper’sleadauthor,Youhong“Nancy”Guosaid.“It’sstraightforwardenoughthatanyonecanmakeitathomeiftheyhavethematerials.”Scientistsareplanningonmakingathickergelthatwillincreasetheproduction,makingthistechnologyapracticablesolutiontodrought.17．Whatdoweknowaboutthegelfilmfromparagraph2?A．Itcanincreasethehumidityoftheair.B．Itcanharvestdrinkingwaterfromtheair.C．Ithasbeenwidelyappliedindesertareas.D．Itcostslotsofmoneyandenergytoproduce.18．WhatisGuihuaYu’sattitudetowardsthenewwater-harvestingmethod?A．Unconcerned. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Hopeful.19．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“straightforward”inlastparagraphmean?A．easy. B．funny. C．good. D．cheap20．Whatwillscientistsplantodonext?A．Developathickergel.B．Producethegelonalargescale(规模).C．Raisemoneyforfurtherresearch.D．Teachpeopletomakethegelathome.【答案】17．B

18．D

19．A

20．A【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的工程师和科学家开发了一种独特的解决方案，帮助人们获取清洁的饮用水。17．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Theydevelopedalow-costgelfilm(凝胶膜)thatcanpullwaterfromtheairineventhedriestclimate.Justonekilogramofgelcancollectuptosixlitersofwaterinadryclimate.Asthegelissoinexpensiveandeasytomake,itmayofferawayofprovidingdrinkingwatertocountrieswithwatershortages.”（他们研发了一种低成本的凝胶膜，这种凝胶膜即使在干燥的气候下也能从空气中吸水。在干燥的气候中，仅一公斤的凝胶就能吸收6升的水。因为这种凝胶价格低且易于制作，它可以为缺水国家提供饮用水。）可知，这种凝胶膜可以从空气中获取饮用水，故选B项。18．推理判断题。根据文章第四段““Thisnewworkisaboutpracticalsolutionsthatpeoplecanusetogetwaterinthehottest,driestplacesonEarth,”saidGuihuaYu,professorattheCockrellSchoolofEngineering.“Thiscouldallowmillionsofpeoplewithoutaccesstodrinkingwatertohavesimple,watergeneratingdevices(取水装置)athomethattheycaneasilyoperate.”（科克雷尔工程学院的教授GuihuaYu说道：“这一新发明是很实用的解决方法，地球上最热最干燥的地区的人们可以使用这个方法来获取水。这能让无法一直拥有饮用水的百万人在家就可以简单地操作这一取水装置。”）可知，GuihuaYu认为这一新的取水装置能满足无法获取饮用水的人的需求，推断出他对这一取水设备是充满希望的。故选D项。19．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段““Thisisnotsomethingyouneedanadvanceddegreetouse,”thepaper’sleadauthor,Youhong“Nancy”Guosaid.“It’sstraightforwardenoughthatanyonecanmakeitathomeiftheyhavethematerials.””（论文的主要作者Youhong“Nancy”Guo说道：“这并不是需要你有高级学位才能使用的东西，它很简单，以至于如果有材料，任何人都能在家制作”。）可知，这一设备是任何人都能制作出来的，是简单的，推断出“straightforward”意为“简单的”，与A项easy意思相近。故选A项。20．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Scientistsareplanningonmakingathickergelthatwillincreasetheproduction,makingthistechnologyapracticablesolutiontodrought.”（科学家们正计划制作一个更厚的凝胶，以提高产量，使这项技术成为解决干旱的可行方案。）可知，科学家们接下来会计划研发一个更厚的凝胶。故选A项。Text26（2023秋·山西运城·高一康杰中学校考期末）Fromtheearlymorning,Isit,gluedtothechairinfrontofmycomputer,evenforhourssometimes.ButonethingItrytodoeverydayistakeaten-minutewalkaroundmidday.Walkingatlunchtimeisasmartthingtodo,anewstudyfinds.Thisdoesn’tseemlikenews.Afterall,we’veknownforeverthatdoingexerciseisgoodforus.ButasTheNewYorkTimespointsout,thosefitnessstudiestypicallylookedattheeffectsofexerciseplansinthelongrun.Thisnewstudylooksatchangesthathappenmorequickly,fromonedaytothenextorevenfromthishourtothenexthour.Agroupofofficeworkerswhoalmostsitgotinvolvedintheresearch,alloutofshape,butotherwiseemotionallyandphysicallyhealthy.Researchersaskedthemtotake30-minutelunchtimewalks,threedaysaweekfor10weeks.Thevolunteerswerealsoaskedtoinstallappsontheirphones,sothattheresearcherscouldsendthevolunteersquestionsaftertheywalked.Thentheresearchersusedthoseanswerstojudgehowthevolunteerswerefeelingaboutlifeandwork,andtomeasuretheirfeelingsabouteverythingfromstressandtensiontomotivation.Whentheresearcherscomparedthevolunteers’answersontheafternoonswhentheywalkedtothoseontheafternoonstheydidn’twalk,therewasquiteadifference.Onthedayswhentheyhadalunchtimewalk,thevolunteerssaidtheyfeltlessstressed,moreenergeticandmorerelaxedversus(与……相对)onthedayswhentheydidn’twalk.Unfortunately,manyofthevolunteersweren’tconfidentthatthey’dcontinuewalkingafterthestudy,mainlybecausetheywereexpectedtoworkthroughtheirlunchbreaks.Understandable,sad.21．Howdoesthenewstudydifferfromotherfitnessstudies?A．Itfocusesontheshort-termeffectsofwalking.B．Itcallsonpeopletohaveawalkafterlunch.C．Itmainlypaysattentiontoofficeworkers.D．Itaimsatstudyingtherelationshipbetweenexerciseandhealth.22．Whywerethevolunteersrequiredtoinstallappsontheirphones?A．Tocharttheirtimespentonline. B．Toknowhowlongtheywalked.C．Torespondtotheresearchers’questions. D．Topreventthemfromgettinglost.23．Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?A．Officeworkersusuallyhavelittletimetogoforawalk.B．Walkingbringsmoreadvantagestopeoplethanotherexercise.C．Along-time-to-sitlifestyleislinkedtoanincreasedriskofdisease.D．Lunchtimewalkscontributetoquicklyboostingpeople’smood.24．Whatcanweinferaboutthevolunteersfromthepassage?A．Theywillspendmoretimewalking.B．Someofthemtendtobemoreoutgoing.C．Mostofthemwillperformbetteratwork.D．Theymaystoplunchtimewalksduetoworkpressure.【答案】21．A

22．C

23．D

24．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是一项新的研究，该研究发现在午餐后，短暂的散步是一件明智的事情，这能快速改善你的情绪。21．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ButasTheNewYorkTimespointsout,thosefitnessstudiestypicallylookedattheeffectsofexerciseplansinthelongrun.(但正如《纽约时报》指出的那样，这些健身研究通常着眼于长期锻炼计划的影响)”以及“Thisnewstudylooksatchangesthathappenmorequickly,fromonedaytothenextorevenfromthishourtothenexthour.(这项新研究着眼于发生得更快的变化，从一天到第二天，甚至从这个小时到下一个小时)”可知，该研究主要是关注的是散步对一个人在每天之间甚至是每个小时间的发生的变化，也就是对人们的短期影响。故选A项。22．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Thevolunteerswerealsoaskedtoinstallappsontheirphones,sothattheresearcherscouldsendthevolunteersquestions

after

they

walked.

Then

the

researchers

used

those

answers

tojudge

how

thevolunteerswerefeelingaboutlifeandwork,andtomeasuretheirfeelingsabouteverythingfromstressandtensiontomotivation.(志愿者还被要求在手机上安装应用程序，以便研究人员可以在志愿者走路后向他们发送问题。然后，研究人员使用这些答案来判断志愿者对生活和工作的感受，并衡量他们对从压力和紧张到动机等一切事物的感受)”可知，志愿者要求安装app是为了在散步后发送问题给志愿者，让他们回答，然后根据他们的回答做出分析和判断。故选C项。23．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Onthedayswhentheyhadalunchtimewalk,thevolunteerssaidtheyfeltlessstressed,moreenergeticandmorerelaxedversus(与……相对)onthedayswhentheydidn’twalk.(在午餐时间散步的日子里，志愿者们说，与不走路的日子相比，他们感到压力更小，更有活力，更放松)”可知，午餐时间散步与不散步的日子进行比较发现，午餐后散步可以让他们感觉压力变小，精力更充沛，更轻松，由此可知，午餐散步能改变人的情绪。故选D项。24．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Unfortunately,theresearcherssaidmanyofthevolunteersdidn’tbelievethey’dbeabletocontinuewalkingoncethestudyended,mainlybecausetheywereexpectedtoworkthroughtheirlunchbreaks.(不幸的是，研究人员表示，许多志愿者认为一旦研究结束，他们就不能继续餐后散步，主要是因为他们需要在午休时间工作)”可知，志愿者认为在研究结束后，他们可能在午餐休息时间去工作，而不是继续餐后散步，由此可推断，志愿者很可能由于工作原因而停止午餐后散步。故选D项。Text27（2023·山东潍坊·高一统考期末）Antsknowwhenanearthquakeisabouttostrike,researchershavediscovered.Theirbehaviorchangesgreatlybeforethequakeandtheyresumenormalfunctioningonlyadayafterit.GabrieleBerberichoftheUniversityofDuisburg-EsseninGermanypresentedthesefindingsaccordingtoLiveScience.Berberichandherteamdiscoveredthatredwoodantspreferredtobuildtheirhomesrightalongactivefaults(断层)inGermany.Theycounted15,000mounds(土堆)liningthefaults.Thesefaultsaretheplaceswheretheearthbreaksinearthquakes.Usingaspecialcamerathattrackedchangesinactivity,Berberichandherteamtrackedtheantsroundtheclockforthreeyears.Theyfoundthattheants’behaviorchangedonlywhenthequakewasovermagnitude2.0.Therewere10earthquakesbetweenmagnitude2.0and3.2duringthisperiod,andmanysmallerones.Humanscanalsosensequakesovermagnitude2.0only.AccordingtoBerberich,normalantactivityismadeupofgoingaboutcollectingfoodduringthedayandrestinginthenight.Butbeforeanearthquake,theantsdidn’tgobacktotheirmoundinthenightandmovedaroundoutsideit.Thisstrangebehaviorcontinuedtilladayaftertheearthquake,Berberichtoldanewsconference,accordingtoLiveScience.Howdoantsknowanearthquakeiscoming?Berberichsuggestedthattheycouldeitherbepickingupchanginggasornotingsmallchangesintheearth’smagneticfields(磁场).“Redwoodantshavespecialcellswhichcansensechangesincarbondioxidelevels.Theyals