第03讲-定语从句(外研版2019选择必修1)(原卷版)

第03讲定语从句复习定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法。掌握定语从句在阅读写作的运用。定语是什么？基本概念：(1)定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。(3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用：A.引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；B.必在从句中作某个句子成份C,指代先行词关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分关系代词that人或物主语、宾语、表语which物或主句内容主语、宾语who人主语或宾语whom人宾语whose人或物定语关系副词when时间状语where地点状语why原因状语定语从句三步曲：第一找出先行词；第二找出定语从句第三看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；结构：名词/代词（先行词）+关系代词/副词+定语从句考点一：关系代词+不完整从句考向1：关系代词基本用法指人时可以用who，也可用that。Themanwho/thatlivesnexttousisapoliceman.Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatisinred?指物时可以用which，也可用that。Ilikemusicthat/whichIcandanceto.Whatdoyouthinkofthemoviethat/whichwasshownlastnight?活学活用：Ilovesingers.Singerswritetheirownsongs.改写：who在从句中用作主语。Heistheman.Imetthemanyesterday.改写：考向2：关系代词的特殊用法1：先行词是人，只能用who,不能用that的情况。指人的不定代词做先行词时，只能用who.Weshouldhelpanyonewhoisinneed.非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指人的先行词隔开的句子，只能用who.I’mLiHua,whoisstudyinginLondonduringthesummervacation.2：先行词是物，只能用which，不能用that的情况。介词+whichTherearetwochairsintheroom,bothofwhicharebroken.非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指物的先行词隔开的句子，只能用whichTheywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.3：先行词是人或物，只能用that，不能用which或who的情况。（1）先行词被形容词最高级、序数词及only、any、few、little、no、all、oneof等修饰时。1)Iwilltellhimallthatyoutoldmeattheball.2)Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.3)ThefirstplacethatwevisitedwastheGreatWall.（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything,everything等不定代词时。Thegirlhandedeverythingthatshehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandbooksthatfilledhisbus.（4）先行词在主句中作表语,关系词在从句中作表语时。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitwas5yearsago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?例1．1.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanlift.2.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanliftit.3.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.5.Lookout!Don'tgettooclosetothehouse_______roofisunderrepair.考点二：关系副词+完整从句关系副词有when,where,why三个，在定语从句中一般作状语。关系副词的作用关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分关系副词when时间状语where地点状语why原因状语例2．Thereason__________hediditisnotclear.Thereason__________hegavetotheteacherisunbelievable.Iwillneverforgettheday_________Imet.Iwillneverforgettheday___________wespenttogether.考点三：非限制性从句判断下面两个句子是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。Ilostallthemoneyyoulentmeyesterday.Ilostallthemoney,withoutwhichIhadtowalkhome.例3．1.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,isnotgoodforthehealth.

2.ButSarah,hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.

3.MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.

考点四：介词+关系代词which/whomThisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.Heloveshisparentsdeeply,allofwhomareverykindtohim.例4．【针对练习】1.

Doyoulikethebook___________shespent$10?2.

Doyoulikethebook___________shepaid$10?3.

Doyoulikethebook___________shelearnedalot?4.

Doyoulikethebook______________sheoftentalks?5.

Hebuiltatelescope______________hecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,_____________standsourteacher.7.

Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest___________istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_____________peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman____________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwriting.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most________hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.11.Hegavemesomenovels___________Iamnotveryfamiliar.12.Istillremembertheday________IfirstgottoParis.1.(2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies____65____livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.2.(2022年全国甲卷)Onthe1,100.Kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,___62___losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovince.3.(2021新高考Ⅰ,39)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumopenedin1759.

4.(2021课标全国Ⅰ,63)Becausethemoonsbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.

5.(2020课标全国Ⅲ,61)InancientChinalivedanartistpaintingswerealmostlifelike.

6.(2020江苏,21)Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,fromstudentscanchooseforfree.

7.(2020天津,6)Dr.Rowan,secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.

8.(2021·北京市·期末)Itwasallhappeningtooquickly,

mademanypeoplefeelnervous.9.(2021·北京市·期末)Theuniversity,

manytopstudentsstudy,iscuttingitsenrollmentinhalfnextterm.10.(2023·安徽省·单元测试)Someoftheroadswereflooded,______madeourjourneymoredifficult.11.(2022·全国·月考试卷)Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.12.(2020·全国·模拟题)Mygrandmawasbornatatime______mobilephoneswerenoteveninpeople'simaginations.13.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown______hegrewupasachild14.Accordingtohistorians,therehasn'tbeenacountrywithsuchalargepopulationinhumanhistory______hasmadesuchprofoundchangesandimprovementswithinsuchashortspanoftime.15.(2022·江苏省南京市·期末考试)Alotoflanguagelearning,______hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod．语法填空InChina,fooddeliverymenarealwaysinarushbetweentrafficregardlessofwindorrain.____1____theymakeourlifemoreconvenient,thiscancomeat____2____costforthem.Onfooddeliveryserviceplatforms,thetimelimitiscalculatedbyanalgorithm（算法）.Butitdoesn'tconsiderreal-life____3____（situation）,suchasredlightsandspeedlimits.Fordeliverymen,delaymeansadecreaseinpay.Sotheyspeedupandoftenbreaktrafficrules,____4____（put）notonlytheirownlivesatrisk,butalsothelivesofothers.Manypeoplescoldedandaskedtheplatformstoimprovetheregulationsondelivery.____5____response,Elemeannounceditwouldaddabuttontotheapp,____6____allowscustomerstoextendthetimelimit.Butthiscreatedmore____7____（heat）debate,assomefeltthecompanywasdistractingattention.TheShanghaiCustomerCouncilcommentedthatthemovewasnotreasonable,addingthattheproblemsshould____8____（settle）betweenthecompaniesandtheiremployees.Also,evenwiththeability____9____（allow）moretimefordelivery,someusersfeltthiswouldnot_____10_____（full）addresstheproblems.单句填空11.Hewrotealongletterheexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.

12.WearehopingforsupportfromMrWebster,withoutsupportwecan’tmakeit.

13.SomeoftheteachersatthecollegeaskedDrNaismithtoinventagamecanbeplayedindoors.

14.SierraLeoneisacountrybasichealthfacilitiesarelackingandmanypeoplearestrugglingwithpoverty.

15.Thosemotorcycles,ahugeumbrellaisfixed,areahugethreattopeoplewalkinginthestreet.

16.I’msorrynottohaverepliedtoyourletterearlier,for,Imustsay,Iapologize.

17.Almosteveryteenagerwillexperienceaperiodintheirlifetheyaren’tcontentwiththeirparents.

18.Oncetherelivedarichmanwantedtodosomethingforthepeopleofhistown.

19.We’vereachedtheNullaborPlainstretchesfor1,000kmandiscompletelyflat.

20.Withoutthinkingtoomuchaboutit,IwenttotheStudentAffairsOffice,IknewIcouldfindclothesinthe“LostandFound”box.

不同语境中长难句定语从句的使用邀请信I‘mwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateinahikingorganizedbyme，whichsomeofourclassmateswilltakepartin.翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________________我写信邀请你参加下周六在我们学校举办的音乐节。仿写：____________________________________________________________________________________________申请信1IhavetakenupChinesepaintingsinceIwasfiveyearsoldandIhaveagoodknowledgeofit,whichmakesitpossibleformetointroducetheexhibitionwell.翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________________我英语很熟练，这使得我与外国人自由交谈成为可能。仿写：____________________________________________________________________________________________申请信2I'mwritingtoapplytoworkasavolunteerthatyouadvertisedinyesterday’snewspaper.翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________________(2)我写信申请我们学校英语协会所提供的职位。仿写：____________________________________________________________________________________________通知1(1)ThemovieGrowingTogether,whichisaboutthedevelopmentofourschool,willbeshownintheschoolhallfrom2:00to4：00intheafternoononJune17th.翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________________(2)这场音乐会，其中包括由才华横溢的学生们表演的各种精彩节目，将于下周日上午在我校大厅举行。仿写：____________________________________________________________________________________________通知2（1）Thosewhowanttowatchthemoviearerequiredtoarrivebeforetwointheafternoon.翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________________(2)任何想参加该活动的同学，可以通过lihua@123.com与李华联系。仿