江西省萍乡市2024届高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题

江西省萍乡市2024届高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五六总分评分一、阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Intheworkplace,wehavetodealwithdifferentpeople,andthebestwaytodothatistofindempathytobetterunderstandthem.Herearethreefruitpersonalitiesandhowbesttodealwiththem.Apple:hardcore,doesn'tbrulseeasllyAppletypesaredirectanddon'tsufferfools.Theyarefast,logicalthinkerswholovetowinandhatetolosecontrol.They'llgetaresultatanycost,butseeconflictassport.Managingapples:·Haveyourfacts(orsuffertheconsequences)·Alwaysstanduptothem.·Gettothepoint.·Befastandlogical.·Watchandlearn-theymakegreatmentors.Lemon:intenseandconcentratedLemonslovestructure,detail,orderandrules.Theyareworrierswholikesafety,securityandpredictability.Theylovedetailandareawesomeatspottinggapsinaplan.Buttoomanyrulescanbefrustratingtoothers.Managinglemons:·Respecttheirneedforspaceandtime;givethemplentyofnotice.·Slowyourpaceifyou'refast,quietendownifyou'reloud.·Don'tsurprisethem.·Don'tthreatentheirsecurity.·Knowyoucannevergivetoomuchdetail.Banana:sweetandsoftBananatypesenjoyharmonyintheworkplaceandshyawayfromconflict.Theyhaveloadsofempathy.Theyareexcellentincustomerserviceroles,yettheycanirritatepeoplebybeingtoonice.Whenthey'retooaccommodating,theycanbeseenasindecisive.Managingbananas:·Don'tpressurethem,butmotivate.·Encouragetheiropinions,andlisten.·Don'toverloadthemwithyourproblems.·Provideregularfeedbackopportunities.·Benice-that'salltheywant.1．Whichwayispropertodealwiththelemonpersonality?A．Talkingloudly. B．Makingsomerules.C．Thinkinglogically. D．Givingmoredetails.2．Whatdoesthebananapersonalitythinkofconflict?A．Appealing. B．Unwelcome. C．Useful. D．Harmful.3．Whoisthetextmainlyintendedfor?A．Housewives. B．Students. C．Employees. D．Customers.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Itwasasunnywinterday.Ihadgoneupanddownthetowerwhen,outsidethelittledooratthefoot,ablindmancametowardme.Hewasapale,thinmanwithdarkglasses.Hekeptclosetotheinnerwallofthecourtyard.Onreachingthedoor,hetoucheditandsharplyturnedinside.Inamoment,hedisappearedupthestaircase.Istoodstill,lookingatthelittlesignthatsaid"TotheTower…"Ifeltobligedtofollow.Ididn'tfollowclosely.Icaughtupwithhimintheticketoffice.ThereIwassurprisedtoseetheattendantsellinghimaticketasthoughhewereanyothervisitor.Withtheticketinonehandandtouchingthewallwiththeother,hereachedthestaircaseleadingtothehallway."Thatmanisblind,"Isaidtotheattendant,butheshowednoconcern."He'sblind,"Irepeated.Hedidn'tanswer,lookingatmevacantly."Perhanshewantstojump,"Isaid.Buthischairwastoocomfortable.Hedidn'tstir.Hestilllookeddownatacrosswordpuzzlehehadbegun.Iturnedtowardthestaircase."Theticket,"theattendantsaid,risingfromhischair.Itseemedtheonlythingthatcouldmovehim.Afterpurchasingmyticket,Ihurriedupthestaircase.Themanhadn'tgoneasfarasIimagined.Aftertenminutes,Iapproachedhim."Excuseme,"IsaidaspolitelyasIcould,"butIamverycurioustoknowwhyyoucameup.""You'dneverguess,"hesaid."Nottheview,Itakeit,orthefreshaironthiswinterday,"Isaid.Hesmiled."Comingupthestairs,onecanfeelthechange-thecoostaircasesuddenlybecomesquitewarm,—andhowupherebehindthewallthereisshade,butassoonasonegoesoppositeanarrowwindowonefindsthesun.InallofSienathereisnoplacesogoodashere."Hemovedintothesunlight.Thenhesteppedintotheshade."Light,shade,light,shade,"hesaid,andseemedaspleasedasachildwho,inagameofhopscotch,jumpsfromsquaretosquare.Wewentdownthetowertogether.Ilefthim,gladdenedasonecanonlybebythesunlight.4．Whydidtheauthorfollowtheblindman?A．Tooffertimelyhelp.B．Tosatisfyhiscuriosity.C．Toteachhimalesson.D．Topreventhimfromclimbingup.5．Whatwastheattendant'sattitudetovisitors?A．Enthusiastic. B．Concerned. C．Indifferent. D．Skeptical.6．Whatencouragedtheblindmantoclimbthetower?A．Thefreshaironthetop.B．Thepleasantchildhoodmemories.C．Thefantasticviewfromthetower.D．Thestrikingcontrastbetweenlightandshade.7．Whatmessagedoesthewriterwanttoconveyinthetext?A．Natureisthebestgiftforhumanity.B．Whenonedoorshuts,anotheropensinlife.C．Everyindividualcanappreciatebeautyinlife.D．Thedisadvantageddeservecarefromthesociety.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Curiosityisthedrivingforcebehindourdevelopmentandevenoursuccess.Butitcanalsobedangerous,leadingtosetbacksorevendownfalls,sowhyarehumanssocurious?Doscientistsevenhaveadefinitionforthisinborndrive?Actually,thereisn'tonesetinthestone.Psychologistsagreecuriosityisn'taboutsatisfyinganimmediateneed,likehungerorthirst;rather,it'sintrinsically(内在地)motivated.Curiositycoverssuchlargesetofbebaviorsthatthereprobablyisn'tanysingle"curiositygene"thatmakeshumanswonderaboutandexploretheirenvironment.Genesandtheenvironmentinteractinmanycomplexwaystoshapeindividualsandguidetheirbehavior,includingtheircuriosity.Regardlessoftheirgeneticmakeup,infantshavetolearnanincredibleamountofinformationinashorttime,andcuriosityisoneofthetoolshumanshavefoundtoaccomplishthathugetask.Inaclassicstudy,apsychologistshowedthatinfantsbetween2monthsand6monthsoldgrewlessandlessinterestedinacomplexvisualpatternthemoretheylookedatit.Butcuriosityoftencomeswithacost.Insomesituations,therisksarelowandfailureisahealthypartofgrowth.Forinstance,manybabiesareperfectlyproficientcrawlers,buttheydecidetotrywalkingbecausethere'smoretoseeanddowhentheystandupright.Butthismilestonecomesatasmallcost.Astudyof12-to19-month-oldslearninghowtowalkdocumentedthatthesechildrenfelldownalot.Seventeentimesperhour,tobeexact.Butwalkingisfasterthancrawling,sothismotivatesexpertcrawlerstotransitiontowalking.Sometimes,however,testingoutanewideacanleadtodisaster.Forinstance,theInuitpeopleoftheArcticregionshavecreatedincrediblemodestodealwiththechallengesoflivinginnorthernrclimates,butwhatweforgetaboutarethetensofthousandsofpeoplethattriedandfailedtomakeitinthosechallenginglandscapes.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninparagraph2?A．Curiosityishardtodefine.B．Humansarenotafraidofsetbacks.C．Scientistsarenotcuriousaboutthestone.D．Curiosityisn'tthedrivingforcebehindgrowth.9．Whatdopsychologistsagreeaboutthenatureofcuriosity?A．Setsofbehaviorsguidecuriosity.B．Immediateneedsdrivecuriosity.C．Externalfactorsdeterminecuriosity.D．Genesandenvironmentworktogetheroncuriosity.10．Whatcontributestobabies'growingmilestones?A．Theyprefernovelty.B．Theyfearfailures.C．Theydesiretoachievetasks.D．Theymaketheirowndecisions.11．WhydoestheauthormentiontheInuitpeopleinthelastparagraph?A．Toprovehowcuriosityhelpedthemsurvive.B．Toshowcuriositymaycomewithahighprice.C．TodescribewhyInuitpeopleneededcuriosity.D．ToshowhowInuitpeopleovercamethechallenges.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Thereisabenefitinacknowledgingthefactthatourbrainsarebornwithanegativitypreferencethatservestoprotectusfrompotentialharm.Wewouldnothavelastedverylongasaspeciesifourancestorshadkeptoptimisticinthefaceofachargingtigerratherthanthinkingtheworstandallowingthenaturalresponseoffight-or-flighttokickin.Thepsychologicaltechniqueofusinganegativeoutlookforpersonalgrowthisknownasdefensivepessimism(DP).Ratherthanforcingoneselftoadoptapositivemindset,DPfocusesonpreparingforworstcases,therebyreducinganxiety.Let'sfaceit:Tellingananxiousmindnottoworryisasuselessastryingnottogetwetinarainstormbythinkingsunnythoughts;bettertotakeshelter.Manypeoplehaveusedthistechniqueintheirdailyliveswithoutgivingitaname.COVID-19gaveusallachancetopracticeDPaswelookprecautionstodecreaseourchancesofbecominginfected.Thispsychologicalmindtrickisnotwithoutitsdrawbacks.Appliedtoooften,lifecanbecomeaseriesofsetbacks,onlytakingdiscomfortinthefactthatone'spredictionoftheworstcasecametrue.Personalrelationshipsmayalsosuffer,astheoptimistsinone'slifegrowwearyoftheglassalwaysbeinghalf-emptyandwill,attimes,taketoironicallysinging"Don'tworry,behappy"aspayback.Thereislikelytobeadaywhentheglass-half-empty/half-fulldebateisreplacedbytherealizationthatoptimismandpessimismdon'topposeeachother,theysupporteachother.andtryingtohaveonewithouttheotherisliketryingtohaveaone-sidedcoin.12．Whatwoulddefensivepessimistsdoinwetweather?A．Picturesunnydays. B．Openanumbrella.C．Feeltherainstorm. D．Runthroughtherain.13．Theexampleof"COVID-19"inparagraph2isusedto____.A．makeacomparison B．proposeanargumentC．introduceatopic D．clarifyaconcept14．Whichofthefollowingmayadefensivepessimistbelieve?A．Whateverwillbe,willbe.B．EverycloudhasasilverliningC．Don'tputallyoureggsinonebasket.D．Theglassishalffullnothalfempty.15．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．IndefenseofpessimismB．TheexplorationofpsychologyC．Pessimism:aone-sidedcoinD．Negativity:trickyinpsychology二、第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Yourmanagerstopsyouandsayssheneedstohaveawordaboutyourperformanceintherecentproject.Shebeginsbypraisingyouforthegoodworkyou'vedoneontheproject,andyouwonderifthisisthepraisethatstartsoffthetypical"feedbacksandwich".16．Saysomethingnice,saywhatyoureallywanttosay,saysomethingniceagain.However,whenfeedbackbecomessucharoutine,employeescanstarttoperceivepositivefeedbackassimplyaformofsugarcoatingthenegatives,thusdecreasingitsvalue.Instead,positivefeedbackshouldnotsimplybeseenassomethingtocushionthenegative.17．Belowarethreetipstohelpyoumakepositivefeedbackcount.18．Whenpositiveandnegativefeedbackalwaysappeartogohandinhand,thepositivescanbecomedevaluedandignored.Ensuretherearetimeswhenpositivefeedbackisgivenforitsownsakeandresistthetemptationtoofferconstructivecriticism.Cultivatea"growthmindset".Manyofustendtofocusourpraiseontheendresultandseeminginborntalents.Forexample,19．However,researchsuggeststhatbyfocusingontheprocessofboxthingsaredone,wecanencouragethedevelopmentofnewskillsandthecontinuedenhancementoftalents.Createacultureofofferingpositivefeedback.Makegivingpositivefeedbackpartofyourteamculture.Don'tjustwaitforspecialmomentstogivefeedback.Offerinformalpositivefeedbackwhenmakingsmalltalk.20．Encouragepeerfeedbackamongteammembersandcolleaguesandactivelyaskthemforpositivecommentsoneachother'sperformancesontasks.A.youhavearealtalentfororganizingevents.B.Youknowhowthefeedbacksandwichgoes.C.Attempttoinjectsomepositivityintonegativefeedback.D.youreallyputalotofeffortintomakingthiseventasuccess.E.Don'talwaysfollowpositivefeedbackwithnegativefeedback.F.Feedbackdoesn'thavetoonlycomefromthehigherrankseither.G.Itshouldalsobedeliveredsoastoreinforceandencouragegoodperformance.三、英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Amommakesmini-metoysasuniqueasthechildrenwhoembracethem.Asa21．workerusingplaytherapytohelpchildrenthroughtheircancertreatment,Amywishedshecould22．herpatientswithdollsthatboretheirall-too-familiarhairlossandsurgeryscars.23．Amyleftwelfareworkin2011tostartafamily,shestilloftenthoughtofthekids.Shesaid,"Thesekidsneedsomethingthatlooksliketheydo."Thisideahadalways24．inhermind.Thenin2020,amomwhosedaughterlostalegtoamputation(截肢)askedAmy,whowas25．withasewingmachine,ifshecouldmakeamini-medolforthegirl.AfterAmy26．aphotooftheleglessdollonFacebook,27．pouredinforlikenesswitheverythingfromalbinism(白化病)tobirthmarks."28．makekidsfeelisolatedandjudged,"shesays,"Withthedoll,achildsees‘IamnottheonlyonewholooksthiswayandI'malso29．enoughtobeadoll.'"Amy30．nearly400customdollsatherdining-roomtable,withdonorsoftencoveringthe100costthroughAmy'snonprofitADollLikeMe.Themomofthree31．makingeachdollherselfwithhelpfromhermotherandafriend.ForKeagan.2,whoserareskinconditionhas32．himinbirthmarks,Amymatchedthedoll's33．exactly."Thatwasthemostamazingthing,"saysKeagan'smom.Afarthersays,"I34．likeababywhenadollcameinthemailformydaughter,whowasbornwithoutherlowerleftarm.Seeingmydaughterwithherdoll,itmakesmethinkaboutherfuture,nother35．."21．A．social B．financial C．cultural D．sport22．A．educate B．attend C．protect D．treat23．A．Before B．After C．Once D．Until24．A．shifted B．worked C．stopped D．stuck25．A．handy B．satisfied C．bored D．careful26．A．took B．posted C．removed D．downloaded27．A．complaints B．remarks C．orders D．praises28．A．Failures B．ChangesC．Similarities D．Differences29．A．active B．bold C．beautiful D．plain30．A．crafted B．collected C．purchased D．received31．A．takesup B．insistsonC．thinksabout D．liveson32．A．dressed B．recognized C．covered D．buried33．A．spots B．sizes C．shapes D．colors34．A．slept B．wept C．yawned D．laughed35．A．potentials B．personalitiesC．limitations D．requirements四、第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。InfrontofapackedhallattheKennedyCenterinWashington,DC,onFriday,dancerHaoRuoqi36．(graceful)movedacrossthestageasshewavedherswordagainstheropponent.Hao,playing.37．heroineHuaMulan,wasthestarofNingboPerformingArtsGroup'sChinesedancedramaMulan.Basedonthebelovedfolkloreoffamilydevotion,loyaltyandlove,MulantellsthetaleofayoungwomaninancientChinawhodisguisesherselfasaman38．(take)herfather'splaceinthearmy.Thismoderninterpretationre-imaginestheclassictaleofthe39．(distinguish)femaleChinesewarriorHuaMulanthroughremarkableandcompellingdancenumbersandexquisitemusic,40．(explore)thethemesofself-identityandempowerment.Hao,amemberoftheChinaNationalOperaandDanceDramaTheater,saidtheremightbeathousand41．(version)orMulaninathousandpeople'seyes,buttherearethingscommontotheaudience42．theculturalandgeographicaldifferences."IthinktheloveandpeacebroughtoutfromMulanisunderstandableandacceptablebothinChinaandtheUnitedStates,"shetoldChinaDaily.LisaRichardsToney,presidentandchiefexecutiveofficeroftheAssociationofPerformingArtsProfessionals,said43．impressedherwasthetruewarriorspiritthatMulandisplayed44．herloveforhumanity.ThestoryofHuaMulan45．(inspire)numerousproductionsintheglobeovercenturies,includingDisney's1998animatedfilmand2020live-actionmovie.五、写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分46．你校最近开展了一次消防演练活动，请你为校英文报写一份主题为"FocusonFireSafety,CherishLife"的新闻报道，内容包括：1.活动目的；2.活动过程和感受。注意：1.写作同数应为80个左右。2.参考词汇：灭火器fireextinguishers;消防栓firehydrants六、第二节(满分25分47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Myparentswerealwaysagainstmeowningmyownpet,afraidofthemessitwouldmakeorthatIwouldquicklyloseinterestintakingcareofit,butwemadeacompromise:Icouldvolunteeratalocalpetshelterontheweekendstotestmysenseofresponsibilityanddedication.ThatwashowIfirstcametovolunteerattheAvondalepetshelterand—moreimportantly—whereImetmyfuturebestfriend,Chocolate.OnehotAugustafternoon,mybossCharlietoldmethattheywerebringinginayoungblackLabradorRetrieverandthatI'dbeitsprimarycaretaker.AnhourafterourconversationandincameChocolate—abeautifuldogwithshiningbrownfurandamazingblueeyes.Atabout3monthsold,Iexpectedhimtobealotmoreenergeticandplayful,butheimmediatelybackedandlaydownatthebackofhispen(围栏).IaskedCharliewhatwasthematterwithhim.HerepliedthatChocolatehadageneticproblemwhichcausedhimtobebornwithashorttail,leadingpotentialownerstothinktherewassomethingwrongwithhim;sothebreederfeltthattheyhadnochoicebuttogiveupthepuppytotheshelter.Hewasoverlookedandunderappreciated.Ifeltveryangryatthethoughtthatanotherwisehealthydogcouldbethrownawaysoeasily.Atthesametime,Ifeltadeepsympathyforthisdogwhohadbeencheatedoutoftheloveandattentionhedeserved.ItwasatthismomentthatIresolvedtogiveChocolateasmuchloveandattentionasIcouldwhileworkingasavolunteer.AlthoughChocolatewasreluctantandshyatfirst.eventuallythroughenoughtreatsandplayheslowlycamearoundandwarmeduptome.Soonenough,wheneverIcamearoundhispentolethimoutforhisturnofwalksandplay,Chocolatewasalwaysexcitedandjumpingwithjoy.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。Paragraph1:Astimepassedby,theconnectionbetweenChocolateandIgrewstrongerandstronger.Paragraph2:Oneday,CharliesaidChocolatemustfindahomesoonorhewouldberemoved.

答案解析部分【答案】1．D2．B3．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍与职场中三种不同性格的人打交道的方法。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。1．细节理解题。根据Lemon:intenseandconcentrated部分中"Theylovedetailandareawesomeatspottinggapsinaplan.(他们喜欢细节，善于发现计划中的漏洞)"可知，与柠檬型性格的人相处的恰当方法是给他们提供更多的细节。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据Banana:sweetandsoft部分中"Bananatypesenjoyharmonyintheworkplaceandshyawayfromconflict.(香蕉型的人喜欢工作场所的和谐，回避冲突)"可知，香蕉型性格的人回避冲突，即他们认为冲突是不受欢迎的。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据第一段"Intheworkplace,wehavetodealwithdifferentpeople,andthebestwaytodothatistofindempathytobetterunderstandthem.Herearethreefruitpersonalitiesandhowbesttodealwiththem.(在工作场所，我们必须与不同的人打交道，最好的方法就是找到同理心，更好地理解他们。以下三种性格，以及如何最好地处理它们)"推知，文章是写给职场人士的，即雇员。故选C。【答案】4．A5．C6．D7．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一次作者看到一个盲人买票到塔上去参观，他很好奇于是就跟上去，后来得知原来盲人是来塔上感受光影变化的，盲人也能感受到世界的美好。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。4．推理判断题。由文章第一段"Onreachingthedoor,hetoucheditandsharplyturnedinside.Inamoment,hedisappearedupthestaircase.Istoodstill,lookingatthelittlesignthatsaid‘TotheTower…'Ifeltobligedtofollow.(一到门口，他就碰了碰门，猛地转了个身。过了一会儿，他消失在楼梯上。我站着不动，看着写着"去塔楼……"的小牌子，我觉得有必要跟着走。)"以及后文推测可知，作者跟随盲人是为了及时为他提供帮助。故选A。5．推理判断题。由文章第三段"Hedidn'tanswer,lookingatmevacantly.(他没有回答，茫然地看着我。)"以及第四段"Hestilllookeddownatacrosswordpuzzlehehadbegun.Iturnedtowardthestaircase.(他仍然低头看他开始玩的填字游戏。我转向楼梯。)"可知，服务人员对来访者漠不关心。故选C。6．细节理解题，由文章倒数第三段"Hesmiled.‘Comingupthestairs,onecanfeelthechange-thecoolstaircasesuddenlybecomesquitewarm,—andhowupherebehindthewallthereisshade,butassoonasonegoesoppositeanarrowwindowonefindsthesun.InallofSienathereisnoplacesogoodashere.'(他笑了。"走上楼梯，你可以感觉到变化——凉爽的楼梯突然变得相当温暖，墙后有树荫，但只要你走到一扇狭窄的窗户对面，就会发现阳光。在整个锡耶纳，没有比这里更好的地方了。")"以及倒数第二段"Light,shade,light,shade,(光，阴影，光，阴影，)"可知，明暗之间的鲜明对比促使盲人爬上了那座塔。故选D。7．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段"Hemovedintothesunlight.Thenhesteppedintotheshade.‘Light,shade,light,shade,'hesaid,andseemedaspleasedasachildwho,inagameofhopscotch,jumpsfromsquaretosquare.(他走向阳光。然后他走到阴凉处。"光，阴影，光，阴影"他说，似乎很高兴，就像一个孩子在跳房子游戏中从一个广场跳到另一个广场一样。)"以及上下文可知，文章主要讲述了一次作者看到一个盲人买票到塔上去参观，他很好奇于是就跟上去，后来得知原来盲人是来塔上感受光影变化的，盲人也能感受到世界的美好，从而表达每个人都能欣赏生活中的美。故选C。【答案】8．A9．D10．A11．B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了好奇心的难以定义以及好奇心对人类发展的影响。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和词句猜测题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。词句猜测题的解题方法包括利用指代关系、定义、定语、文章中的举例、比较的词语、构词法知识、上下文语境、因果关系来推测词义。8．词句猜测题。根据第一段"Doscientistsevenhaveadefinitionforthisinborndrive?(科学家们对这种天生的驱动力有定义吗)"以及划线句后文"Curiositycoverssuchlargesetofbebaviorsthatthereprobablyisn'tanysingle"curiositygene"thatmakeshumanswonderaboutandexploretheirenvironment.(好奇心涵盖了如此广泛的行为，以至于可能没有任何单一的"好奇心基因"使人类好奇和探索他们的环境)"可知，好奇心涵盖了广泛的行为，很难定义。故划线句意思是"好奇心很难定义"。故选A。9．细节理解题。根据第二段"Genesandtheenvironmentinteractinmanycomplexwaystoshapeindividualsandguidetheirbehavior,includingtheircuriosity.(基因和环境以许多复杂的方式相互作用，塑造个体并指导他们的行为，包括他们的好奇心)"可知，关于好奇心的本质，心理学家的共识是基因和环境共同作用于好奇心。故选D。10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"Forinstance,manybabiesareperfectlyproficientcrawlers,buttheydecidetotrywalkingbecausethere'smoretoseeanddowhentheystandupright.Butthismilestonecomesatasmallcost.(例如，许多婴儿是非常熟练的爬行者，但他们决定尝试走路，因为当他们站直时，有更多的东西可以看和做。但这一里程碑的代价很小)"可知，喜欢新鲜事物促成了婴儿的成长里程碑。故选A。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段"Sometimes,however,testingoutanewideacanleadtodisaster.Forinstance,theInuitpeopleoftheArcticregionshavecreatedincrediblemodestodealwiththechallengesoflivinginnorthernrclimates,butwhatweforgetaboutarethetensofthousandsofpeoplethattriedandfailedtomakeitinthosechallenginglandscapes.(然而，有时候，测试一个新想法可能会导致灾难。例如，北极地区的因纽特人创造了令人难以置信的模式来应对生活在北方气候下的挑战，但我们忘记了成千上万的人在那些充满挑战的景观中尝试并失败了)"可知，作者在最后一段提到因纽特人是为了表明好奇心可能要付出很高的代价。故选B。【答案】12．B13．D14．C15．A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是防御性悲观主义（DP）以及防御性悲观主义给人们带来的影响。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和主旨大意题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。12．细节理解题。根据第二段"Let'sfaceit:Tellingananxiousmindnottoworryisasuselessastryingnottogetwetinarainstormbythinkingsunnythoughts;bettertotakeshelter.(让我们面对现实吧：告诉一颗焦虑的心不要担心，就像在暴风雨中试图用阳光来避免被淋湿一样没有用；最好找个地方躲起来)"可知，在潮湿的天气里，防御性悲观主义者会打开一把伞。故选B。13．推理判断题。根据第二段"Manypeoplehaveusedthistechniqueintheirdailyliveswithoutgivingitaname.COVID-19gaveusallachancetopracticeDPaswelookprecautionstodecreaseourchancesofbecominginfected.(许多人在日常生活中使用这种方法，却没有给它起个名字。COVID-19为我们所有人提供了实践DP的机会，因为我们采取预防措施以减少感染的机会)"可知，第2段中的"COVID-19"示例用于澄清一个概念。故选D。14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Appliedtoooften,lifecanbecomeaseriesofsetbacks,onlytakingdiscomfortinthefactthatone'spredictionoftheworstcasecametrue.(如果过于频繁，生活就会变成一连串的挫折，只会因为自己对最坏情况的预测成真而感到不安)"可推知，防御性悲观主义者可能相信不要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。故选C。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段"Thereisabenefitinacknowledgingthefactthatourbrainsarebornwithanegativitypreferencethatservestoprotectusfrompotentialharm.Wewouldnothavelastedverylongasaspeciesifourancestorshadkeptoptimisticinthefaceofachargingtigerratherthanthinkingtheworstandallowingthenaturalresponseoffight-or-flighttokickin.(承认我们的大脑天生具有消极偏好这一事实是有好处的，它可以保护我们免受潜在的伤害。如果我们的祖先在面对猛虎时保持乐观，而不是往最坏的方面想，让"战或逃"的自然反应发挥作用，那么我们作为一个物种就不会存活太久)"结合文章主要解释了什么是防御性悲观主义（DP）以及防御性悲观主义给人们带来的影响。可知，A选项"为悲观主义辩护"最符合文章标题。故选A。【答案】16．B；17．G；18．E；19．A；20．F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了消极的反馈和积极的反馈之间的关系和影响。

【点评】考查任务型阅读（七选五）。解题时，要求考生注意通读整篇文章，把握整段脉络，理出文章的中心，分析段落之间和段落内部的层次。选项与前后句之间的逻辑关系是确定答案的主要依据。可以从意思、关键词、关联词来分析段落之间以及段落内部的逻辑关系。七选五解题的一些实用技巧如下。第一，快速浏览全文，把握文章主旨。在开始解题前，快速浏览全文，了解文章的大致内容和主题，有助于更好地理解和判断每个选项的合适性。第二，注意段首句和段尾句。段首句往往是对整段的概括或引入，而段尾句则常常是对该段的总结或结论。因此，关注这些句子有助于我们快速了解段落的主旨，从而更好地选择答案。第三，利用上下文语境和逻辑关系进行推断。在选择答案时，要仔细阅读上下文，寻找与选项相关的线索和信息，如关联词、同义词、反义词等。同时，也要根据逻辑关系进行推断，如因果、转折、并列等，从而确定正确答案。第四，排除法也是一种有效的解题方法。当面对多个选项时，可以先排除与文章主旨或上下文不符的选项，然后再根据剩余选项的内容进行比较和选择。16．根据上文"Shebeginsbypraisingyouforthegoodworkyou'vedoneontheproject,andyouwonderifthisisthepraisethatstartsoffthetypical"feedbacksandwich".(她一开始就称赞你在项目中做得很好，你想知道这是不是典型的"反馈三明治"的开始)"以及后文"Saysomethingnice,saywhatyoureallywanttosay,saysomethingniceagain.(说点好听的话，说你真正想说的话，再说点好听的话)"可知，后文具体解释了"反馈三明治"的过程，可知知道反馈三明治是怎么回事。故B选项"你知道反馈三明治是怎么回事"符合语境，故选B。17．根据上文"However,whenfeedbackbecomessucharoutine,employeescanstarttoperceivepositivefeedbackassimplyaformofsugarcoatingthenegatives,thusdecreasingitsvalue.Instead,positivefeedbackshouldnotsimplybeseenassomethingtocushionthenegative.(然而，当反馈成为一种惯例时，员工会开始认为积极的反馈只是一种粉饰消极的形式，从而降低了消极反馈的价值。相反，积极的反馈不应该仅仅被看作是缓冲消极的东西)"可知，上文提到积极的反馈不应该仅仅被看作是缓冲消极的东西，本句承接上文说明积极反馈真正的作用。故G选项"它的实施也应该是为了加强和鼓励良好的表现"符合语境，故选G。18．根据本段内容"Whenpositiveandnegativefeedbackalwaysappeartogohandinhand,thepositivescanbecomedevaluedandignored.Ensuretherearetimeswhenpositivefeedbackisgivenforitsownsakeandresistthetemptationtoofferconstructivecriticism.(当积极和消极的反馈总是齐头并进时，积极的东西就会被贬低和忽视。确保有时候给予积极的反馈是为了反馈本身，并抵制提供建设性批评的诱惑)"可知，后文提到了积极和消极的反馈的缺点，建议提出建设性批评，说明不要总是太在乎积极的反馈和消极的反馈。故E选项"不要总是紧跟着积极的反馈和消极的反馈"符合语境，故选E。19．根据上文"Cultivatea"growthmindset".Manyofustendtofocusourpraiseontheendresultandseeminginborntalents.(培养"成长心态"。我们中的许多人倾向于把赞美集中在最终结果和似乎天生的才能上)"可知，本句主要是针对上文提到的"把赞美集中在最终结果和似乎天生的才能上"进行举例说明，A选项中talent对应上文talents。故A选项"你在组织活动方面很有天赋"符合语境，故选A。20．根据后文"Encouragepeerfeedbackamongteammembersandcolleaguesandactivelyaskthemforpositivecommentsoneachother'sperformancesontasks.(鼓励团队成员和同事之间的同伴反馈，并积极要求他们对彼此在任务中的表现给予积极的评价)"可知，同伴也可以给予反馈，说明反馈不一定来自上级。故F选项"反馈也不一定只来自高层"符合语境，故选F。【答案】21．A；22．D；23．B；24．D；25．A；26．B；27．C；28．D；29．C；30．A；31．B；32．C；33．A；34．B；35．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位手巧的母亲艾米通过制作和有缺陷儿童一样的洋娃娃来治疗这些病人的故事。

【点评】考查完形填空。首先要通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺失的单词的含义，最后对选项进行对比分析，选出正确选项。完形填空是英语考试中常见的一种题型，旨在测试学生的语言综合运用能力。一些实用的解题策略如下。一、通读全文，把握大意。在开始答题之前，应先通读全文，了解文章的主题和大致内容。