2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题二阅读七选五第一讲利用设空位置解题

专题二阅读七选五[研高考·辨考向]项目卷别主题语境文章话题考查体裁篇章词数设空位置分析段首段中段尾新高考全国卷I2024人与自我词典的使用说明文307140通过对近三年新高考全国卷阅读七选五试题的分析，我们可以发现阅读七选五有以下特点：1．文章体裁：以说明文为主。2．短文长度：阅读材料一般是一篇长度为300词左右的短文，其中正文240词左右，备选项60词左右，且选项按照由短到长的顺序依次排列。3．考点设置：设空位置多集中在段中，主要考查上下文过渡句、细节句等；近年来小标题的考查没有涉及，但也不应忽略；段首、段尾句主要考查主题句、过渡句或结论性语句。2023人与自我学会自我原谅说明文3050412022人与自我寻找健身伙伴说明文311041新高考全国卷Ⅱ2024人与社会缓解过度旅游的方法说明文2951312023人与社会开启艺术之旅说明文3011312022人与自我写文章的技巧明文说286140[抓规律·找依据]第一讲利用设空位置解题题型一段首设空题设空在段首，要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句，要么是段落过渡句，因此选项要有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是对本段内容的概括。若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同。[典例1](2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)OvertourismIsForReal:HowCanYouHelp?Travelpromotesunderstanding,expandsourminds,makesusbetterpeople,andboostslocaleconomiesandcommunities,buttherapidgrowthoftravelhasledtoovertourismincertainregionsanddestinations...Herearesometipsonmakingwisedecisionstominimizepressureontheplaceswevisitandimproveourexperience.·Choosemindfully·Getcreative·39._____Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.You'llcompetewithfewertourists,savemoney,experienceadifferentsideofapopularplace,andboosttheeconomywhentourismistraditionallyslower.A．Visitduringoff-peaktimes.B．So,shouldwestoptraveling?C．Travelforyouandnooneelse.D．Canovertourismbeavoidedthen?E.Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.F.You'llfindyourselfvirtuallyalone,orclosetoit.G.Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou'revisiting.[解析]本空考查段落标题句。观察其他小标题特点：祈使句，短小精悍。所以答案限定在A或C中。根据本段中的信息句“skippingmajorholidaysorrushhour”可知，本段建议避开重大假期或高峰时间旅行，即“非高峰时间去旅游”。[答案]A技法点拨：[典例2](2024·全国甲卷)40．______Ahealthybreakfastcanstartyourmetabolism(新陈代谢),whileeatingsmall,healthymealskeepsyourenergyupallday.Avoideatinglateatnight.Trytoeatdinnerearlierandfastfor14-16hoursuntilbreakfastthenextmorning.Studiessuggestthateatingonlywhenyou'remostactiveandgivingyourdigestivesystemalongbreakeachdaymayhelptoregulateweight.A．Eatproperlythroughouttheday.B．Wedon'talwayseatjusttosatisfyhunger.C．Don'tswallowamealonthewaytowork.D．Mostofusneedtodoubletheamountweeat.E.Instead,surroundyourselfwithhealthychoices.F.Formanyofus,moderationmeanseatinglessthanwedonow.G.Thatwon'tleadtocheatingorgivinguponyourneweatingplan.[解析]本空考查段落主题句。根据空后内容可知，本段讲述了从早到晚如何合理饮食。[答案]A技法点拨：[典例3](2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk：dictionaryandthesaurus(同义词词典).Idon'ttrustmylaptop'sspellchecker.37.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI'mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.IusetheConciseOxfordDictionaryandtheCollinsThesaurus.38．__________Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.A．Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B．Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C．ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D．Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.[解析]本空考查段落过渡句。根据上段内容可知，上段提到词典的单词拼写功能又根据空后内容可知，该段讲述了词典具备的其他功能。空处应引出下文，使上下文衔接。[答案]E技法点拨：题型二段中设空题段中设空属于对主题句的展开，通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。段中设空的特点主要是以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充上文的具体事实、事例和说明。解答此类试题时，考生首先应确定所缺的句子是细节句还是过渡句，对于这两类句子，应采用不同的方法来解题。[典例4](2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it'svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿).36.________Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.A．Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B．Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C．ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D．Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.[解析]本空考查段中细节句。阅读空前后内容可知，空前谈到如果想要出版图书，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿至关重要；空后提到没有编辑会容忍一个不愿花心思拼写正确单词的作家。所以内处应进一步解释完美、专业的手稿是什么样子的，且根据下句中的相关词spellwordscorrectly可确定选项。[答案]F技法点拨：题型三段尾设空题设空在段尾，通常为结论性、概括性语句，若不是结论性、概括性语句，则考虑是过渡句，即通过空格把本段与下一段巧妙地衔接起来。[典例5](2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)•Choosemindfully.Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayforareason:they'respecial.Withsomanyonlinepostsfeaturingthesameplaces,it'seasytofeellikeyou'remissingout.Gosomewhereonlywhenthelandscape,cultureorfooddeeplydrawsyou.37._________A．Visitduringoff-peaktimes.B．So,shouldwestoptraveling?C．Travelforyouandnooneelse.D．Canovertourismbeavoidedthen?E.Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.F.You'llfindyourselfvirtuallyalone,orclosetoit.G.Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou'revisiting.[解析]本题考查段落总结句。本段主旨句是“Choosemindfully.”，再根据空前信息句“Gosomewhere...drawsyou.”可推知，只有当目的地的景色、文化或食物真正吸引你时你再去。空处在结尾处，应该紧扣本段主旨句和空前内容，点明旅行应是为自己而不是为别人，与上文形成顺承关系。[答案]C技法点拨：[典例6](2024·浙江卷1月)Ihavethesame24hoursinadayasyoudo，butIhavemadespecificchoicesthatallowmetomakethemostofeveryday,andstillfeelhappyandrelaxed.31.______·Pickthemostimportant·Combineyouractivities·34.Beanactivelearner·LightenupA．Speedup.B．Beanactivelearner.C．Stoptryingtobalancetimebetweenthemall.D．Makechoicesaboutwhatismeaningfulinyourlife.E.Thethingsyoudowellusuallygiveyougreaterjoy.F.Perhapsthesetipswillhelpyoumakethemostofyourtime.G.Thisiswhymakinglistsisimportantinanyproductivityhandbook.[解析]上文提到作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐和轻松；根据下文段落小标题可知，作者就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空处应承上启下，引领下文各项建议。[答案]F技法点拨：Test1体裁主题语境难度说明文建立读书俱乐部★★★☆☆(2024·湛江一模)Settlingdownwithagreatnovelenablesyoutoconsiderideasthatmighthavenevercrossedyourmind,ifyouhadn'tchosenitinthefirstplace.1.___________Ifyouhavetheurgeandarecuriousabouthowtostartabookclub,it'seasierthanyoumightthink.First,findmembers.Reachouttoyourexistingreading-lovingfriendsandpostanoticeinyourlocallibraryorbookstore.Ifyou'reopentoamoredigital-friendlyapproach,putthewordoutaboutyournewclubviaInternet.2.___________Thensetgroupguidelines.Toguaranteeyournewgroupisallonthesamepage,taketimetodiscusswhatyouwanttogetoutofregularclubgatheringsbeforeyourfirstofficialmeeting.Willyourtimetogetherbespentlargelyfocusingonthenovelathand?3.___________Whileenjoyingstimulatingnon-bookconversationovercoffeeandsnacksisinnowayill-advised,noteveryonewhosignsupforabookclubiswillingtorejecttheirnovelforacup.4．___________Booksthatworkreallywellaretheonesthathelpyoureflectonself.Theyhavelotsofentrypointsforpeoplesotheyprobablyhaveagoodsetting.Also,there'sgreatcharacterdevelopment.Selectsomethingwiththecriteria,andyoucanpleaseallkindsofreaders.Asfarashowoftenyoumeet,thatscheduleisuptoyourmemberstodeterminewhat'srealistic—plushowlongitwilltaketocompletethebook.Asforlocation,meetingupatyourhomeisalwaysanoption.5.___________Meetingatapublicspacecaneasethepressureofentertaining.A．Don'tfeelboundtoactashost,though.B．Whichscenehasstuckwithyouthemost?C．Pickingbooksmayseemlikethetrickiestpart.D．You'llgainasenseofcommunityfrombookclubs.E．Willrefreshmentsultimatelybethemostimportant?F．Youmaygetpeoplebeyondyourdailycontacttojoinyourcircle.G．Andsometimesyoujustwanttodiscusswhatyou'vereadwithothers.【语篇解读】文章就如何建立读书俱乐部提出了一些建议。1．G根据上下文可知，本句是在说明下文提到的“这种冲动”的具体内容，G项符合语境。2．F上文提到通过网络宣传你的新俱乐部，本句为本段最后一句，承接上文说明这么做的目的，F项符合语境。3．E根据上文提到的“你们在一起的时间主要花在手头的小说上吗？”及下文提到的边喝咖啡边吃零食可推测，本句与上文并列，都是设问句，E项符合语境。4．C根据本段内容可知，本段的主旨是关于书的选择的建议，C项符合语境。5．A上文提到见面的频率、地点等，下文提到在公共场所见面可以缓解娱乐的压力。所以本空是在针对上文提到的在家见面给出建议，A项符合语境。Test2体裁主题语境难度说明文减少纸张浪费★★☆☆☆(2024·湖北5月联考)HowtoReducePaperWastePrintoutdocumentsonlyifyouabsolutelyneedtoWhileitmaybeeasiertoprintdocuments,sinceyouwon'thavetologontoacomputerorsmartphonetofindthem,therearesomedisadvantagestoprinting.Printeddocumentstendtogetlost.1.___________.Youmayforgettobringthemalongwithyou.UseclothbagsinsteadofpaperonesAlotofwaterandfuelneedtobeusedtoproducepaperbags.Paperbagsalsousuallyteareasilyandtheydon'ttendtodowellintherain.Also,thefertilizersandotherchemicalsthatareusedtomakepaperandfortreefarmingareacidraincontributors,andtheyalsocontributetohigherratesofwaterwayeutrophication(富营养化).2.___________．BuyproductswithlesspackagingAhugeamountofsolidwasteisfrompackagingandisoftenthrownawayafterawhile.Thereareafewthingsyoucandotouselesspackaginginyourdailylife.3.___________.Notonlycanthishelptoreducewastefrompackaging,butitcanalsosaveyoumoney.4．___________Whilepapercupsanddinnerware(餐具)mayseemconvenient,theycanharmtheenvironment.Forexample,ifthepaperproducthasbeenusedforfood(suchasacartonorpaperplate),ittypicallycannotberecycled.Reusabledinnerwarecanalsotypicallybeusedalotm