奶牛营养代谢病

主审：

吕航主编：王爽副主编：陈长胜唐圆圆编委：王小丫奶牛营养代谢病产后瘫痪昏迷姿势产后瘫痪病因Postpartumparalysiscause

低血钙是导致产后瘫痪的主要原因。母牛随生产次数的增加，生产能力不断增强，但产后瘫痪的发病率也随之提高，泌乳量大的牛患病率更高。

Lowbloodcalciumisamajorcauseofleadtopostpartumparalysis.Cowswiththeincreaseofthenumberofproduction,theproductioncapacityincreased,buttheincidenceofpostpartumparalysisincreases,alargequantityoflactationcowsprevalencerateishigher.产后瘫痪症状Symptomsofpostpartumparalysis

爬卧期病：牛呈爬卧姿势，头颈向一侧弯扭，意识抑制、闭目昏睡、瞳孔散大、对光反应迟钝。四肢肌肉强直消失以后，反而呈现无力状态不能起立。脉弱无力、反刍停止、食欲废绝。如上所述，此期以意识障碍、体温降低、食欲废绝为特征。

昏睡期病：牛四肢平伸躺下不能坐卧，头颈弯曲抵于胸腹壁，昏迷、瞳孔散大。

Climbdowndisease:cowislying,headandnecktoasidebendtorsion,consciousnessinhibition,eyeclosure,slowpupilloosebigandlight.Afterlimbmusclestiffnessdisappear,buthasweakstatecan'tstandup.Pulsefeebleness,ruminantstop,appetitewaste.Asmentionedabove,thisperiodwithdisturbanceofconsciousness,hypothermia,appetitewastewascharacterized.

Lethargydisease:cattlelimbshorizontallyliedowncan'tsit,headandneckbendinginthechestandabdominalwall,coma,thepupil.产后瘫痪治疗Postpartumparalysistreatment

1．钙剂疗法

静脉注射20%的葡萄糖酸钙300—500毫升，用药后6—12小时如无反应，可重复注射一次，最多不超过3次。也可静脉注射10%氯化钙100—200毫升，效果也好，但在注射前药液须加温，注射时要慢并切勿漏于皮下。

2．注射钙剂后，病情好转但不能起立，宜静脉注射15%磷酸二氢钠200—300毫升或3%次磷酸钙1000毫升，有较好效果。

3．乳房注入乳汁法

向乳房内注入健康母牛的新鲜牛奶，前面两个乳叶200—250毫升，后面两个乳叶250—300毫升。一般可于40—180分钟恢复健康。有时其疗效比注射钙剂或送风疗法好。

1.Calciumtherapyofintravenousinjectionof20%calciumgluconate300-500milliliter,after6to12hoursifnoresponse,gettingarepeatable,isnomorethan3times.Canalsobeintravenouscalciumchloride10%,100-200ml,effectisbetter,butinfrontoftheinjectionliquidheating,sloweranddonotleakwheninsubcutaneousinjections.

2.Theimprovedbutnotrise,aftertheinjectionofcalciumsupplementsshouldbeintravenousinjectionof15%sodiumdihydrogenphosphate,200-300ml1000mlor3%calciumphosphate,hasagoodeffect.

3.Breastinjectioninthenormalbreastmilkcowshealthyfreshmilk,theprevioustwomilkleaves200-250ml,two250-300mlmilkleavesbehind.Generallyavailableat40-180minutesbacktohealth.Sometimesitscurativeeffectisbetterthaninjectionofcalciumsupplementsorairsupply.产后瘫痪预防Postpartumparalysisprevent

1.分娩后不急于挤奶，乳房正常的牛，初次挤奶，一般挤1/2的奶量，以后逐渐增加，到第四天可挤净。2.加强饲养管理，产前少喂高钙饲料;增加阴离子饲料喂量。每日要多运动，多晒太阳。减少精饲料和多汁饲料的喂量。产后要喂给大量的盐水，以促使其迅速恢复正常的血压。1.Afterdeliveryinnohurrytodothemilking,breastnormalcows,milkforthefirsttime,generallysqueeze1/2theamountofmilk,aftergraduallyincrease,cansqueezenettothefourthday.2.Inordertostrengthenthemanagementofbreeding,prenatallessforagehighcalcium;Increasingtheamountanionprovender.Dailymovement,inthesun.Decreaseofconcentrateandsucculentfeedfeed.Tofeedalargenumberofsaltwaterinthepostpartumperiod,topromoteitsrapidreturntonormalbloodpressure.酮病的发生主要原因是奶牛过度用体脂奶牛酮病

（KetosisinDairyCows）

病因：本病是因动物体内碳水化合物及挥发性脂肪酸代谢紊乱，导致酮血症、酮尿症、酮乳症和低糖血症。临床上以昏睡或兴奋、产乳量下降、机体失水、偶尔发生运动失调为特征。

Cause:

Thediseaseisduetotheanimalbodycarbohydrateandvolatilefattyacidmetabolismdisorder,causeketonemia,ketoneurinedisease,breastdiseaseandlowsugar.Clinicallytolethargyorexcitement,milkdecreased,thebodyfluidloss,occasionalmovementdisorder

characterizedby.酮病的症状Thesymptomsofketosis

临床型症状:多在产后几天至几周出现，以消化紊乱和神经症状为主。患畜突然不愿吃精料，喜舔食垫草和污物，粪便干燥，表面被覆黏液。精神沉郁，凝视，步样不稳并伴有轻瘫症状，体重显著下降，产奶量也降低，但为低乳而非无乳。乳汁形成泡沫，有与呼吸、排尿相同的酮气味，加热更明显。尿显淡黄色，易形成泡沫。

Clinicalsymptoms:

inthefirstfewdaystoafewweeksmore,giveprioritytowithdigestivedisordersandneurologicalsymptoms.Cattlesuddenlydon'twanttoeatconcentrate,likelickingthematgrassanddirt,dryfeces,surfacecoatingmucus.Spiritisdepressed,stare,samplestepinstabilityaccompaniedbyparesissymptoms,weightdroppedsignificantly,milkproductionisreduced,butislowmilkinsteadofmilk.Milkbubble,thereisthesameasthebreath,urineketoneofodour,heatingismoreobvious.Showpaleyellowurine,easytoformbubble.

酮病的治疗Thetreatmentofketosis1补糖：静脉注射50％葡萄糖溶液，多数患牛是有效的，但维持时间较短，2h后血糖又恢复到较低水平。以静脉滴注，或以20％葡萄糖腹腔注射，可延长血糖保持在正常浓度的时间。口服丙酸钠，每天250～500g，分2次给予，连用10d。蔗糖、麦芽糖灌服效果不理想，过量还可导致酸中毒和食欲下降，甚至可致继发性酮病。饲料中拌以丙二醇或甘油，一天2次，每次225g，连用2d，随后日和量为110g，每天1次，连用2d，口服或拌饲前静脉注射葡萄糖效果更明显。丙酸钠与乳酸盐也是生糖先质，乳酸钠、乳酸钙首日用量lkg／d，随后为0.5kg／d连用7d；乳酸铵每天200g，连用5d，也有显著疗效。1Carbohydratesupplement:

50%glucosesolution,givenintravenously,mostcattlediseasewaseffective,butshortertime,and2hafterbloodsugarbacktoalowerlevel.Withintravenousdrip,orwithintraperitonealinjectionof20%glucose,canextendtheconcentrationofbloodsugarinnormaltime.Oralsodiumpropionate,250~500g,points2times,10dEd.Sucrose,maltose,fillingandtakeeffectisnotideal,canalsoleadtoexcessiveacidosisandlossofappetite,andevencancausesecondaryketosis.Feedmixwithpropyleneglycolandglycerin,2timesaday,each225g,2dEd,thendaycapacityof110g,and1timesaday,2dEd,oralorintravenousglucoseeffectmoreapparentbeforefeeding.Propionicacidandsodiumlactateandrawsugarprecursor,dosageofsodiumlactateandcalciumlactateonLKG/d,thenalaparoscope,usuallyconnectedtoa0.5kg/d7d;Alaparoscope,usuallyconnectedtoalacticacidammonium200gaday,5d,alsohassignificantcurativeeffect。

2.其他治疗

水合氯醛口服，首次剂量在牛为30g，加水服用，能继之再给予7g，每日2次，连续几天，若首次剂量较大(50g)

，继则剂量较小，放在蜜糖或水中灌服。水合氯醛的作用在于能破坏瘤胃中的淀粉及刺激葡萄糖的产生和吸收，同时通过瘤胃的发酵作用而提高丙酸的产生。VitB12(1mg，静脉注射)和钴(每天l00mg硫酸钴，放在水中和饲料中，口服)有时用于治疗酮病。

2.OtherTherapy:Chloralhydrateorally,thefirstdoseincattleto30g,wateruse,canbefollowedtogive7g,2timesaday,forseveraldays,andiflargerdoses(50g)forthefirsttimeinsmalldoses,inhoneyorwaterirrigation.Theroleofchloralhydrateistobreakdownthestarchinrumenandstimulateproductionandabsorptionofglucose,atthesametime,throughtherumenfermentationandimprovetheproductionofpropionic

acid.This(1mg,iv)andcobalt(l00mgcobaltsulfate,adayinwaterandfeed,oral)issometimesusedinthetreatmentofketosis.

预防prevent

为防止酮病，在妊娠期，尤其是妊娠后期增加能量供给，但又不致使母牛过肥。在催乳期间，或产前28～35d周应逐步增加能量供给，并维持到产犊和泌乳高峰期，这期间不能轻易更换配方。随乳产量增加，应逐渐供给生产性日粮，并保持粗粮与精料有一定比例，其中蛋白质含量不超过16％～18％，碳水化合物应供给碎玉米最好，这样可避开瘤胃的消化发酵和产酸过程，在真胃、肠内可供给葡萄糖。当饲喂大量青贮时，利用干草代替部分青贮有好处。此外，还可饲喂丙酸钠(120g，每天2次，口服，连续10d)。注意及时治疗前胃疾病、子宫疾病等。

Topreventketosis,duringpregnancy,especiallyinlatepregnancyincreaseenergysupply,butdoesnotcausefatcow.Duringtheperiodoflactation,orprenatal28~35dweeksshouldgraduallyincreasetheenergysupply,andmaintainthecalvingandlactation,thepeakduringthisformulacannotbeeasilyreplaced.Graduallywiththeincreaseofmilkproduction,shouldsupplyproductivediet,andmaintainacoarsegrainsandconcentratewithacertainproportion,whichproteincontentislessthan16%~16%,carbohydratesshouldsupplythebrokencornisbest,whichcanavoidtherumendigestionandproduceacidfermentationprocess,therealstomach,intestinalglucosecansupply.Whenfeedingalargenumberofsilage,replacingpartsofthesilageusinghayisgood.Inaddition,itcanalsobefedpropionicacidsodium(120g,2timesaday,oral,for10d).Payattentiontotimelytreatmentbeforegastricdisease,uterinediseases,etc.瘤胃酸中毒引起的食欲完全废绝病因pathogeny

奶牛常因饲喂大量谷物，突然饲喂谷物或

短时内采食了大量谷物，添加饲料无规律，气候骤然变化等。

Dairyoftenforfeedingalargenumberofgrains,suddenlyfeedinggrainorinashorttimetogatherthefoodalotofgrains,addfeedirregular,suchasclimatechangeabruptly.症状symptoms较轻型Alight

首先表现食滞性前胃迟缓，以后脱水、腹泻，粪便呈褐色，混有粘液或血，呼气有酸臭味，尿少或无尿。后期呈昏睡状，有的发生肺气肿。妊娠母畜阴门分泌胶冻样粘液。

Afterthefirstperformancebeforefoodlagsexgastricslow,dehydration,diarrhea,stoolbrownish,mixedwithmucusorblood,breathstink,lessornopiss.Itislatelethargy,oremphysema.Pregnantfemalevulvasecretionsamplegelatinmucus.

慢性型Chronictype

主要表现为慢性前胃弛缓、腹泻，食欲时好时坏，逐渐消瘦。

Mainshowisbeforechronicgastricatony,diarrhea,appetiteanddowns,thingradually.治疗treatment

1、病牛紧急静脉注射5%葡萄糖生理盐水3000~5000毫升；5%碳酸氢钠500~1000毫升；安纳加2克。

2、甘露醇300~500