【期末考点精练】专题05-外研版八下重点语法及精练（解析版）

【期末考点精练】专题05外研版八下重点语法及精练（解析版）一．系动词系动词又称连系动词，不单独作谓语，必须与表语（名词、形容词等）连用构成系表结构。系表结构可说明主语的属性、特征或状态。系动词的分类1.表示状态的系动词： be动词,look(看起来)，feel(感觉，感到)，sound(听起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，seem(似乎);appear(显得，好像);keep(保持);remain(依然，保持);stay(仍然)等。2.表示转变或结果的系动词：get;become;turn;go;grow;fall等。★表示变化的系动词的区别：天气变化用get;颜色的变化用turn;由好变坏用go;逐渐变化用grow;好变坏、坏变好用become或get;成为用become.二．现在完成时1.结构 have/has+动词过去分词否定句 haven’t/hasn’t+动词过去分词疑问句 Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词？肯定回答Yes,主语+has/have.否定回答No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.2.过去分词的变化A直接加-edB不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-dC辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-edD以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-edE不规则变化见不规则动词表3.过去分词ed发音规律清念/t/元浊/d//t//d/以后念/id/finished borrowed wantedpassed enjoyed shoutedhelped called neededcooked moved counted4.havebeento表示曾经去过某地（现在不在那里了），后面可接去过某地的次数，如once,twice,threetimes等。havegoneto表示已经去了某地（现在还没有返回）。havebeenin表示在某地多长时间了，常在含有for+时间段；since+时间点的时间状语的句子中使用。随堂练习一．用所给词的适当形式填空1.—you(finish)yourhomework?

—Notyet.2.Mary(nothave)lunch.She(have)itat12:20.

3.Theplane(take)off.It(take)offhalfanhourago.

4.Theyoungman(live)alonesincehegraduatedfromcollege.

5.—MayIspeaktoNick?—Sorry,he(go)toParisandwillbebackintwoweeks.

【答案】1.Havefinished2.hasn’thad，willhave3.hastaken，took4.haslived5.hasgone二．动词填空Jack’smotherisagoodcook.Sheoften1.(cook)gooddishes.It’stimefordinner.She2.(cook)thedeliciousdinner.Butwhere’sJack’sfather?He3.(go)togethismails.WhataboutJack?Oh,heisbusydoinghishomework.He4.(have)dinnerintenminutes.Jack’sgrandfatherisn’thungrynowbecausehe5.(have)dinnerinarestaurantjustnow.

【答案】1cooks2hascooked3hasgone4willhave5had三．现在完成时常与下列副词连用：already已经（多用于肯定陈述句，句中）yet尚，还，仍然（多用于否定句、疑问句，句末）ever曾经（多用于疑问句，句中）recently最近（多用于句末）never从不（多用于否定句，句中）just仅仅（多用于肯定句句中）before之前（一般位于句末）随堂练习用just,already,yet,recently,ever,never填空1.HaveyoubeentotheWestLake?No,Ihavebeenthere.2.Ihavereadthenoveltwice.3.Haveyoufinishedyourwork?4.Ihaven’theardfromher.5.Hehasgoneshoppingwithhisparents.6.Ihaveseenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.7.Jackhasfinishedhishomework.8.Hasthebusleft?Yes,ithasleft.9.你曾经去过法国吗？HaveyoubeentoFrance?10.以前我从没丢过书。Ihavelostbooksbefore.【答案】1:ever;never2:already3:yet4:recently/yet/before 5:already/just6.never 7.just/already8.yet,already/just9.ever10.never四．现在完成时三Hehasbeenawayfromthearmyfornineyearsbecauseofalegwound.(1)for和since区别for用来说明动作的延续时间长短，即多长时间，时间段用来说明动作起点，即时间点，指具体的年，月，日，时，星期几sincesince+一段时间+ago，表示自……时间前开始至今since+一般过去时从句Itis(hasbeen)+一段时间+since+一般过去时从句时间段+haspassedsince+一般过去时从句(2)leave为瞬间性动词（短暂性），不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如果有时间段的时间状语，要将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。【链接】常见短暂变延续的动词die——bedead borrow/lend——keep come/go——beinbuy——have leave——beaway(from) finish——beoverbegin/start——beon open——beopen close——beclosedbecome——be join——beinhave/hasbeen+adj./prep.have/haskepthave/hashadfor+时间段have/hasbeen+adj./prep.have/haskepthave/hashadfor+时间段since+时间点Howlong疑问句随堂练习一．用since和for填空1.JimhasbeeninIrelandMonday.2.JillhasbeeninIrelandthreedays.3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia15days.4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere7o'clock.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry1974.6.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaiting20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenemptymanyyears.8.Mikehasbeenillalongtime.HehasbeeninhospitalOctober.9.ItthreeyearsIcametoAmerica.【答案】1.since2.for3.for4.since5.since6.for7.for8.for,since 9.is;since二．翻译句子1.你已经看过这部电影了吗? 2.我已经买这本词典三年了。 【答案】1.Haveyouseenthisfilmyet?

2.Ihavehadthisdictionaryfor3years.

三．基本句型英语是一种结构型语言，英语句子必须具备主语和谓语。以谓语动词为核心，英语句子可以分为五种基本句型，连同therebe句型一起，组成简单句六种基本句型。（一）主语+系动词+表语（+其他）（S+V+P）系动词本身有词义，但不能单独做谓语、后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构，说明主语的状况、性质、特征等。They’rereallytiredafterfootballmatch.H’sbeengoodatplayingthepianoafteralongtraining.(二)主语+不及物动词（+其他）（S+V）Whenwillyouplaynexttime?What’shappeningoverthere?（三）主语+及物动词+宾语（+其他）（S+V+O）Doyoucollectanything?Peoplesingsongorplaymusic,andthelistenerschoosethebestsingerormusician.（四）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）,指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。PeopleoftengivemefansaspresentsbecausetheyknowIlikethem.I’llshowyoumystampstoo.(五)主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语（+其他）（S+V+O+C）用作宾语补足语的有：名词、形容词、非谓语动词、介词短语等TheynamedtheirbabyTom.Whatmadeyousointerestedinmusic?Themothertoldtheboynottoplayinthestreet.ThedooropenedandIfoundherlyinginbed.(六)表示“某处有某物”时，使用therebe句型表示“有”。Therebe句型中的主语是be后面的名词，be动词的单复数根据就近原则，取决于靠近be动词的第一个名词的形式。There’saconcertatRadioBeijing.Therearemanyotherinterestingthingstodoinlife.随堂练习一．判断下列各句属于A-F中的哪种句型A.主语+谓语B.主语+谓语+宾语+状语C.主语+系动词+表语D.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语E.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语F.Therebe+主语+状语1.Thereisgoingtobeaclassmeetingthisafternoon.2.Thebellisringing.3.Tombroughtmeanumbrellayesterday.4.Musicoftenmakesmehappy.5.Someoneinourclasslikessingingverymuch.6.Mysisterisveryoutgoingatschool.【答案】FADEBC二.句型转换1.Myparentsboughtmeanewbikelastweek.(改为同义句)Myparentsboughtanewbikelastweek.

2.Weallagreethatweshouldmakeabetterplan.(改为同义句)Weallmakeabetterplan.

3.Thereissomeorangeinthebottle.(改为否定句)Thereorangeinthebottle.

4.Mr.BlackisgoodatChinese.(改为同义句)Mr.BlackwellChinese.

5.Englishismyfavouritesubject.(改为同义句)IEnglishofallmysubjects.

【答案】1.forme2.agreeto3.isn’tany4.doesin5.likebest四．简单句+and/or/but+简单句and:表示并列“又和而且”or:表示选择，“或者，还是”but:表示转折“但是”1.并列句有时之间不用并列连词，但是用分号隔开，2.并列连词之后的简单句，与其前的简单句有相同的部分时，相同部分可以省去Itisgettingdark,but_they’restillworkingwe’regoingtothestore,youcangowithusoryoucanmeetusthere.heisn’tgoodatplayingfootball,buthelikeswatchingfootballmatch.随堂练习一．选用连词and,but,or完成下列句子1.It’sanoldcar,itcanrunveryfast.

2.Iboughtabirthdaygiftforhershelikeditalot.

3.MaJunmaywinZhengXiaojunmaywin.Nooneknows.

4.—WhatcanIdothisafternoon,Mum?—Youcangoshoppingwithme,youcanstayathomebyyourself.

5.Saveadropofwatereveryday,wecanhelpmakeabetterfuture.

【答案】1.but2.and3.or4.or5.and 五.宾语从句置于动词、介词等后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述句语序。时态主句为一般现在时态时,从句的时态可以根据实际情况而定Irememberhegavemeabookyesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。HesaysthathewillleaveforNewYorktomorrow.他说明天他将动身去纽约。主句为一般过去时态时,从句应用相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthehighjump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。HeaskedmeifIhadtakenhissoap.他问我是否拿了他的肥皂。当从句内容为客观事实或真理时,从句要用一般现在时Hetoldmethattheearthgoesaroundthesun.(真理)他告诉我地球绕着太阳转。语序宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时,要特别注意从句的语序,即按照主语、谓语的顺序What’sKate’se-mailaddress?Doyouknow?→DoyouknowwhatKate’se-mailaddressis?你知道凯特的电子邮件地址吗?引导词(1)当宾语从句是由陈述句转化而来时,用that引导“Sheisagoodgirl,”theteachertoldus.→Theteachertoldus(that)shewasagoodgirl.老师告诉我们她是一个好女孩。(2)当宾语从句是由一般疑问句转化而来时,宾语从句用whether或if连接,句尾的标点符号取决于主句“AreyoufromJapan?”heaskedme.=Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasfromJapan.他问我是不是来自日本。“DoyoulikewatchingTV?”heaskedme.=Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedwatchingTV.他问我是否喜欢看电视。(3)当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来时,连接词就用原来的特殊疑问词,但从句一定要注意用陈述句语序WhendidheleaveforJapan?Couldyoutellme?=CouldyoutellmewhenheleftforJapan?你能告诉我他什么时候去的日本吗?随堂练习一．单项选择1.—Iwonder.

—Someonewhocanmakemeabetterperson.A.whenyouoftenmeetyourfriends B.howyoumakeyourfriendshappyC.whoyouwanttomakefriendswith D.whereyouspendweekendswithfriends【答案】C【解析】句意:——我想知道你想跟谁做朋友。——能让我成为更好的自己的人。本题考查宾语从句。答句中关系代词who引导定语从句,描述了某一类人,所以本题应该是问哪一类人。故选C项。2.—Couldyoutellmetomorrow?

—Itwillbesunny.A.whatwilltheweatherbelike B.whattheweatherwillbelikeC.whenwilltheweatherbesunny D.whentheweatherwillbesunny【答案】B【解析】句意:——你能告诉我明天天气怎么样吗?——将会是晴天。本题考查宾语从句。时间状语为tomorrow,应该用一般将来时,宾语从句应该用陈述句语序,故选B。3.—HaveyoudecidedtheExpo2019Beijing?

—Thissummerholiday.A.howareyougoingto B.howyouaregoingtoC.whenareyougoingto D.whenyouaregoingto【答案】D【解析】句意:——你决定什么时候去2019年北京世博会了吗?——今年暑假。本题考查宾语从句。根据答语可知,对方问的是时间,所以可排除A和B。C选项没有用陈述句语序,也可以被排除,故选D。4.—Doyouknow?

—Yes,we’lltakeabusthere.A.whenwewillgotothemuseumtomorrowB.whenwillwegotothemuseumtomorrowC.howwewillgotothemuseumtomorrowD.howwillwegotothemuseumtomorrow【答案】C【解析】句意:——你知道我们明天怎么去博物馆吗?——知道,我们将坐公交车去那儿。本题考查宾语从句。根据答语可知问的是方式,因此可排除A、B选项。再根据宾语从句要用陈述句语序可知此题应选C。5.—Alice,couldyoutellmeLondon?

—Sure.LastSunday.A.whenMr.Smithleft B.whenMr.SmithwillleaveC.whendidMr.Smithleave D.whenwillMr.Smithleave【答案】A【解析】句意:——Alice,你可以告诉我史密斯先生什么时候离开伦敦的吗?——当然可以,上周日。此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,由答句中的LastSunday可知此处应该用一般过去时,故选择A。二．用所给词的适当形式填空1.IthoughtJim(buy)thebook.

2.Hesayshe(be)borninJinan.3.Tomtoldmethere(be)twelvemonthsinayear.

4.Petersaysthathe(go)therelastnight.

5.Maryhearsthatwe(have)anEnglishtestnextweek.

【答案】1.wouldbuy2.was3.are4.went5.willhave三．把下列两句合并为一句1.Themanisright.Ithink.Ithink.

2.Iwillbeascientist.Ihope.Ihope.

3.Heisdoinghishomework.Heexplains.Heexplains.

4.“Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomework.”saysTom.Tomsays.

5.“Themoongoesaroundtheearth.”Theteachersaid.Theteachersaid.

【答案】1.themanisright2.Iwillbeascientist3.thatheisdoinghishomework4.hehasn’tfinishedhishomework5.thatthemoongoesaroundtheearth四．用whether或if填空。1．Idon’tknow______ornotyouwillgo.2．______youhavemetGeorgebefore,Ican’tremember.3．I’mthinkingabout______we’llhaveameeting.4．Thequestionis_