2021高考英语四川西昌市一轮训练(7)(答案)

2021高考英语四川西昌市一轮训练（7）（答案）完形填空。阅读下面短文，把握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳答案。Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Before1thisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesome2concepts.Conflict,3asoppositionamongsocialunits-orindividuals-directedagainstoneanother,is4fromcompetition,which5oppositionamongsocialunits6seekingtoobtainsomethingwhichis7inadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotknowaboutoneanother,whichthosewho8inaconflictdo.Conflictandcompetitionareboth9ofopposition.Themeaningofoppositionhasbeenstatedasaprocessbywhichsocialunitfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother,oppositionis10contrastedtocooperation,a11bywhichsocialunitsfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.These12arenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimited13,butconflictIsn’s.Conflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirable14ofhumansocieties.Manyauthorshave15theirargumentsthatwarcannotbeavoidedontheideathatinthestruggleforexistenceamonggroupsofanimals,onlythosewhicharebest16remainalive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.Thosewhofailinthiscompetition17starvetodeathorare18byothertypesofanimals.Thisstrugglefor19isnotsimilartohumanwar,butislikethecompetitionof20forjobs,markets,andmaterials.Themostimportantqualityofthisstruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatarenotenoughtosatisfyall.()1.A.consideringB.solvingC.answeringD.saying()2.A.relatedB.usedC.translatedD.sacred()3.A.specifiedB.remarkedC.definedD.claimed()4.A.variableB.distinguishedC.variousD.isolated()5.A.acknowledgedB.deniesC.assumesD.means()6.A.criticallyB.approximatelyC.independentlyD.costly()7.A.onB.forC.withD.in()8.A.enterB.participateC.fallD.involve()9.A.formationsB.classesC.termsD.reactions()10.A.neverthelessB.howeverC.thusD.maybe()11.A.processionB.standardC.processD.measurement()12.A.accountsB.definitionsC.descriptionsD.explanations()13.A.resourcesB.originsC.sourcesD.materials()14.A.matterB.elementC.eventD.coincidence()15.A.concentratedB.fixedC.centeredD.based()16.A.encouragedB.acceptedC.adaptedD.adopted()17.A.notonlyB.eitherC.neitherD.both()18.A.killedB.raisedC.firedD.surrounded()19.A.resistenceB.privilegeC.favourD.employment()20.A.workersB.officialsC.individualsD.residents1.A考虑这个问题之前，有必要介绍一些与之相关的概念。2.A“相关的概念”，应用related。3.Cdefine,“解释”，“下定义”，后面经常接as;specify,“指定”，“指明”。Theregulationsspecifythatyoumayuseadictionaryintheexamination。规章指明考虐时可用字典。remark,“说”。claim,“要求承认某人之身份，全部权”。Doesanyoneclaimthisumbrella?有没有人认领这把伞？冲突，指的是社会单位，团体或个人之间的对抗。它与“竞争”不同。竞争指的是社会单位间为夺取一种不足够的供应而进行的对抗。4.Bdistinguishfrom区分，不同；variable与vaious(多样的)后面一般不接from;isolated“与……隔离开来”。5.D对前面competition的解释，“意味着”。6.Ccritically批判地；approximately大致地；independently独立地；不受把握地；costly形容词，昂贵的。依据文中含义，“竞争对手各自寻求物质，所以才会有冲突”。所以此外选C为宜。7.Dinshort(inadequate)supply“缺乏的”为固定搭配，一般不用其它介词。8.Benterin登记姓名，细节等。例：enterinaniteminanaccountbook将一笔账记入账本；fallin陷入，例fallinlovewithsb.involvein“卷入”，一般为卷入某个大事；participatein参与。竞争者们可能彼此不了解，而冲突者们则生疏对方。9.Bformation,构成;terms,术语;reactions,反映;classes在此处指“种类，类别”。冲突和竞争都属于对抗。10.C选这类连接副词时，关键是弄清句与句之间意义关系。上句讲到对抗就是彼此不服务。这句讲到合作就是彼此服务。他们之间连接词自然就是“因此”了，因此他们相反。对抗与合作相反。合作指的是社会单位相互服务。11.Cprocession队伍，行列；standard标准；process过程；measurement衡量。上句中谈到对抗是彼此不服务时，用的是“aprocessbywhichsocial...”,此处与上句这部分结构完全相同，就可套用process一词。12.Baccounts叙述；definitions，定义，概念；descriptions,描述；explanations，解释。文章其次句话是第一自然段主题句：介绍几个概念，然后作者分别介绍。本题中用thesedefinitions“这些概念”则与上文浑然一体。对这些定义的理解格外必要，由于有必要强调，个人或团体之间的竞争在这个资源有限的世界是难免的，而冲突则是可免的。13.Aresource资源，指国家、人类或个人所拥有的人力及物力，例：Wemustexploitthenaturalresourcesofourcountry.我们必需开发本国的自然 资源。source指河的源头：thesourceofNile尼罗河的发源地。source还指出处，来源，例：Thenewscomesfromareliablesource.这项消息出自牢靠的来源。origin起源，theoriginofaquarrel争吵的起因。此空前为aworldoflimited一个有限资源的世界，因此选A。14.B冲突很可能发生，它可能是人类社会必不行少、值得得到的要素。15.Dbase...on...把……建立在……上。16.C只有那些适应（力气）强的才活下来。17.B看到or就会想到either;notonly...butalso;neither...not...,both...and都是固定搭配。在竞争中失败的动物，要不就是饿死，要不就被别的动物杀死。18.A由前句starvetodeath和or可知，此处应同death意义相近。19.A为生存的抗争不同于人类战斗。20.C由后面的jobs,marketsandmaterials可知，此处应填“个人”。workers,officials和residents（居民）都以偏概全。阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。WhenthesunisupinAmsterdam,thelargestcityintheNetherlandssitsquietlyontheAmstelButwhenthesungoesdown,thepartyingbegins.Inthebigclubsandincoffeeshops,touristsgathertohangout,talkpoliticsandsmoke.SeveralareasofthecityclearlyshowthetwoworldsthatruleAmsterdam.Andtheyareallwithinashortcabrideofeachother.Forexample,DamSquareattractsdaytimesightseerstoitsfestivals,openmarkets,concertsandotherevents.Severalbeautifulandverypopularhotelscanbefoundthere.AndthereistheRoyalPalaceandtheMagnaButaseveningdescendsonDamSquaresodotheparty-seeker,hippoporfunkmusicbeginsblaringfromClubParadisoandClubMelkweg.ThesearetwoofthemostpopularclubsinEurope.Soifyoucome,bereadytodance.Theclubsdon’tshutdownuntil4am.Andwhileyouarethere,checkoutthevariousinexpensivewaystotourthecity.Don’tworryaboutgettinglost.AlthoughDutchistheofficiallanguage,mostpeopleinAmsterdamspeakEnglishandarehappytohelpyouwithdirections.Andyouwillnoticethathalfthepeopleinstreetsareonbicycles.TheyrentforUS$17to$20forawholeday.Amsterdamalsohasagoodcanalsystem.FromanywherebetweenUS$2and$9.50,youcanusethecanalbusorawatertaxitocruisethe“VeniceoftheNorth”.Youcantakeinthepicturesquecanalhousearchitecture:Therowsofneat,narrowsour-storydwellingsofbrownstonewithlargewindowsarewellworthseeing.Manyofthemareseveralcenturiesold.YoumightalsowanttojumpoutofthecanalbusattheMuseumQuarterandstartwalking.MasterpiecesbyDutchartistssuchasRembrandt,Bruegel,VanGoghandothersareondisplayattheVanGoghThecityhasanappreciationofitshistoricpost.OneplacetovisitistheAnneFrankHouseinNineStreets.ItwastherethattheyoungJewishgirlwroteherfamousdiaryduringWorldWarII.Visitorscanview

Anne’s

originaldiaryandclimbbehindthebookcasetotheroomwheresheandherfamilyhidfromtheNazisfortwoyears.6.Atthebeginningofthepassage,theauthorindicatesthat______.A.PartiesgoonalldaylonginAmsterdamB.AmsterdamattractsmanydaytimevisitorsC.AmsterdamisgenerallyknownasaquietcityD.Amsterdampresentstwodifferentpictures7.WhichtouristattractionismentionedindetailinParagraphsFourandfive?A.Royalpalace.B.DamSquare.C.ClubParadiso.D.Magns8.Whattheauthor`spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.ToattractpeopletovisitAmsterdamB.TosharehisexperienceswithreadersC.TolisttheplacesofinterestinAmsterdamD.TointroducetheresidentslifeinAmsterdam9.Accordingtothepassage,thelocalpeoplehaveallthefollowingcharacteristicsEXCEPT_______.A.theyshowhospitalityB.theycanspeakEnglishC.theyarepartygoersD.theyarefondofcycling10.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeAmsterdamasatouristcity?A.DelightfulB. QuietC.HistoricD.Modern【参考答案】6—10、DBACA阅读理解。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Drivingacarisnotjusthandlingcontrolsandjudgingspeedanddistance.Itrequiresyoutopredictwhatotherroaduserswilldoandgetreadytoreacttosomethingunexpected.Whenalcoholisconsumed，itentersyourbloodstreamandactsasadepresant(抑制药)，damagingeyesight，judgementandco­ordination(协调)，slowingdownreactiontimeandgreatlyincreasingtheriskofaccidents.Evenbelowthedrinkdrivinglimit，drivingwillbeaffected.Alcoholmaytakeafewminutestobeabsorbedintothebloodstreamandstartactiononthebrain.Absorptionrateisincreasedwhendrinkingonanemptystomachorwhenconsumingdrinksmixedwithfruitjuice.Togetridofalcoholfromthebodyisaveryslowprocessanditisnotpossibletospeeditupwithanymeasuresliketakingashowerorhavingacupofteaorcoffee.ThepresentRoadTrafficOrdinancestatesclearlythatthelimitofalcoholconcentrationis：●50milligramsofalcoholper100mlofblood；or●22microgramsofalcoholper100mlofbreath；or●67milligramsofalcoholper100mlofuriue(尿液)．Driverswhocausetrafficaccidents，orwhocommitamovingtrafficoffenceorarebeingsuspectedofdrinkdrivingwillbetested.Anydriverfounddrinkingbeyondthelimitwillbecharged.ThedriverdeclaredguiltymaybefinedamaximumofHK$25,000andbesentencedtoupto3yearsinprisonandpunishedfor10driving­offencepoints；ortemporarilybannedfromdriving.Thesamepunishmentappliestofailingtoprovidespeeimens(样本)forbreath，bloodorurinetestswithoutgoodexcuse.Drinkdrivingisacriminaloffence.Bearesponsibledriver，thinkbeforeyoudrink.Forthesafetyofyourselfandotherroadusers，neverdriveafterconsumingalcohol.本文主要叙述酒后驾车的危害，对酒驾的惩处等，呼吁人们为了自身和他人的健康，确定不要酒后驾车。1．Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout______.A．theintroductionsofdrivingskills B．thedamageofdrinkingtoyourbodyC．theeffectofdrinkingondriving D．theprocessofalcoholbeingabsorbed答案：C。主旨大意题。由第一段的“itentersyourbloodstreamandactsasadepressant，damagingeyesight，judgementandco­ordination，slowingdownreactiontime