【创新设计】2021高考英语(湖南专用)大二轮总复习定时训练-15

定时训练(15)专题特训(阅读理解)eq\x(Passage1)(2022·浙江五校联盟模拟)SpaceinvadersAnormalconversationbetweenstrangersinvolvesmorethantalk.Italsoinvolvesthedynamicsofspaceinteraction.Ifonepersongetstooclose，theotherpersonwillbackup.Ifthefirstpersoninvadestheother'sspaceagain，theotherpersonwillbackupagain.Thepersonwhofindshimselfbackingupistryingtoincreasethedistanceofthecomfortzone.Thepersonclosinginistryingtodecreasethatdistance.Mostlikelyneitherpersonisfullyawareofwhatisgoingon.Inthe1960s，AmericananthropologistEdwardT．Hallwasapioneerinthestudyofhumanbehavioraluseofspace.Hisfieldofstudybecameknownasproxemics(空间关系学)．HallsaidthatpersonalspaceforpeopleintheUnitedStatescanbedefinedashavingfourdistinctzones：theintimatezonewithin18inchesofyourbody，forwhisperingandembracing；thepersonalzoneof18inchestofourfeet，fortalkingwithclosefriends；thesocialzoneoffourto10feet，forconversingwithacquaintance；andthepubliczoneof10to25feet，forinteractionwithstrangersortalkingtoagroup.HistorianssaythatourstandardsofpersonalspacebeganwiththeIndustrialRevolutioninthe18thcentury.IncitiessuchasLondonandNewYork，peopleofdifferentsocialandeconomicclassesweresuddenlycrammedtogether，sotheyunconsciouslydevelopedacommonlyunderstoodcodeofpolitenesstorestrictthespacearoundthem.Peopleexhibitnonverbalmessagesofdiscomfortwhentheirzonesareviolated.Invadedpeoplemighttaptheirtoes，pullattheirhair，andtheymightbecomecompletelyrigid，orevenbecomeangry.AsHallnotedinhislandmarkwork，acomfortableconversationneedstoincludetheparameters(规范)ofhumanpersonalspace.1．Thispassageismostlyabout________．A．whatnonverbalcommunicationB．humanconversationC．thelifeofEdwardT．HallD．humanbehavioraluseofspace解析主旨大意题。本篇文章每段基本都消灭比较关键的space这个单词，而且从阅读中可以发觉指的是人与人沟通时的空间位置感。因此选择D项。答案D2．EdwardT．Halldefined________．A．interactionsbetweenstrangersB．angrypeopleC．fourzonesofpersonalspaceD．theIndustrialRevolution解析细节理解题。由文章其次段第三句可知答案。答案C3．Ifyouandaclosefriendbegantalkingwhenyouwereeightfeetapart，youwouldprobablysoon________．A．moveclosertogetherB．movefartherapartC．begintalkingmoresoftlyD．askanotherfriendtojoinintheconversation解析细节理解题。依据其次段“thepersonalzoneof18inchestofourfeet，fortalkingwithclosefriends”可知好伴侣之间交谈时的空间距离是18英寸到4英尺，因此在离8英尺远时应走近一些。故选A项。答案A4．Thethirdparagraphprovides________．A．ahistoricalperspectiveonpersonalspaceB．aneconomicreasonforpersonalspaceC．anoverviewofEdwardT．Hall'sfieldofstudyD．adefinitionofpersonalspace解析推理推断题。第三段第一句说这是历史学家的观点，而后从历史的角度来说明空间感的进展。A项指的是从历史的角度看个人空间感。答案A5．Theword“dynamics”means“________”．A．difficultiesB．forcesorinfluencesthatcausechangeC．largenessD．explosionssolargethattheyarebeyondbelief解析词义猜想题。此句为文章的主题句，在理解了全文之后，可知文章在说明人在交谈的过程中，个人空间位置的动态变化。故选B。答案Beq\x(Passage2)(2022·山东高考命题争辩专家原创卷)FoxeshavebecomeapartoflifeinBritain'surbanareas.Theyarestrikingcreaturesbuttheyarealsodangerous.Threeyearsago，twinbabygirlsIsabellaandLolaKouppariswereleftwitharmandfaceinjuriesaftertheywereattackedbyafoxwhiletheyweresleepingattheirhome.Lastweek，four－week－oldbabyboyDennyDolanwasbittenbyafoxwhichenteredhishome.Aftergainingaccesstothehomethroughthefrontdoor，thefoxpulledthebabydownfromthesofaandtriedtodraghimoutside，bitinghimandalmostsevering(割断)hisfinger.Althoughfoxattacksonhumansarestillveryrare，theywillbecomemorecommonifwedon'tchangeourbehaviourtowardstheseincreasinglyfearlessanimals.Itishumansratherthanfoxesthatareresponsibleforrisingfoxattacksonhumans.Ontheonehand，peoplewholovefoxestreatthesewildanimalslikepets，leavingfoodoutforfoxes，feedingthemfromtheirhands，andeveninvitingfoxesintotheirhome.Theresultisthatthefoxismorebrazen(厚颜无耻的)andlessinclinedtoavoidus.Itisthosepeoplewhofeedfoxesthatcausefoxestolosetheirfearofhumans.However，aslongastheyhaveahealthyfearofhumans，theywon'tbotherhumans.Ontheotherhand，foxeshavemovedintocitiesforlackofresourcesinruralareas.Wetakeawaytheirnaturalhabitattobuildmorehousesandfactories.Foxeshavenochoicebuttoliveandsearchforfoodinthecity.Iftheyliveintheforest，nofoxattackwillhappen.Wehavetolearntosharetheearthwithanimalsandletfoxesreturntotheirnaturalhabitat.Wealsohavetolearntolookuponfoxesaswildanimals.Wehavetorememberthattheyareinstinctivekillers，efficientandsilentwithonlyonepurpose，killtoeat.Wemustcertainlynotintervenethem，evenwhentheylookstarved.Theyarehungryforareason.Thehungerwillforcethemtohuntforrabbitsandotheranimalsinsteadofwaitingforfoodatyourdoor.6．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________．A．itiscommonforpeopletospotfoxesinBritishcitiesB．itisverydifficultforpeopletoraisefoxesaspetsC．itiscommonforfoxestoattackachildinBritain'surbanareasD．itisverydangerousforfoxestoliveinBritain'surbanareas解析细节理解题。依据第一段第一句可知，在英国城市里见到狐狸很普遍。答案A7．Whydomoreandmorefoxesfloodintocities?A．Becauseurbanpeoplelovethecuteanimal.B．Becausefoxeslacknaturalresourcesintheforest.C．Becausenohousesarebuiltforthemintheforest.D．Becausetheirhabitatsareoccupiedbyotheranimals.解析细节理解题。依据第四段第一句可知，狐狸涌入城市的缘由是它们在农村地区缺少生存的资源。答案B8．Accordingtotheauthor，whatistheresultoftreatingfoxeslikepets?A．Foxeswillgetmilderandmilder.B．Foxeswillbecomefearlesstohumans.C．Foxeswillleavetheirnaturalhabitat.D．Foxeswillnotbotherhumansanylonger.解析细节理解题。依据第三段其次、三句可知，人把狐狸当宠物对待的结果是狐狸变得不再怕人。答案B9．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethattheauthor________．A．isverycrueltofoxesB．isawildanimalloverC．isconcernedaboutfoxesD．isagainstfeedingfoxes解析细节理解题。依据最终一段可以看出作者是反对给狐狸喂食的。答案D10．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Itishumansratherthanfoxesthataretoblamefortherisingfoxattacksonhumans.B．Peopleincitiesmustcertainlynotfeedfoxes，evenwhentheylookstarved.C．Humanbeingshavetolearntoliveinharmonywithwildanimalsincities.D．FoxesinBritishcitiesarestrikingcreaturesbuttheyarealsodangerousanimals.解析主旨大意题。本文主要说明白狐狸伤人大事增多的现象并分析了其缘由，最终得出结论：人类要为增多的狐狸伤人大事负全责。答案Aeq\x(Passage3)(2021·广州市调研)AsthousandsofcommunitiesintheUSA—especiallyintheSouth—becameboominggatewaysforimmigrantfamiliesfromCentralandSouthAmericaduringthe1990sandtheearlyyearsofthenewcentury，publicschoolsstruggledwiththeunfamiliartaskofservingthelargenumberofEnglishlearnersarrivingintheirclassrooms.Educationprogramsneededtobebuilt__from__scratch．“WehadnoteachingresourcessuitableforEnglishlearnersherebefore.Wehadtodevelopthemallourselves.”aTexasprincipalsaid.Throughoutthecountry，districtshadtotraintheirownteacherstoteachEnglishtonon－nativespeakersorrecruitteachersfromelsewhere.Schoolstaffmembershadtofigureouthowtocommunicatewithparentswhodidn'tspeakEnglish.Butevenasimmigrationhasslowedorstoppedinmanyplaces，andinstructionalprogramsforEnglishlearnershavematured，servingimmigrantfamiliesandtheirchildrenremainsworkinprogressinmanypublicschools，especiallythoseincommunitiesthatareskeptical，orsometimesunwelcoming，tothenewcomers.Oneofthebiggestchallengeseducatorsfaceiscommunicatingeffectivelywithparentswhodon'tspeakEnglish—anissuethat，inpart，hascontributedtorecentcomplaintsofdiscriminationbyLatinostudentsinsomecities.“Theparents'roleisveryimportantforthesuccessofthesestudents，butit'salsooneofthemostdifficultthingswe'vehadtotackle，”saidJamesD．Rollins，thepresidentoftheSpringdaleSchoolDistrict，wherethe19，000－studentschoolsystemhasgonefromhavingnoEnglishlearners15yearsagotomorethan7，500now.“Youhavetomakeitapriorityandworkonit.”Asidefromthepracticalchallenges，suchasfindingbilingual(会说两种语言的)staffmembers，guidingdistrictsthroughsuchdramaticchangesrequiresschoolleaderstobridgedifficultpoliticalandculturaldivide.ForschoolleadersintheSouth.especiallyinthelastfewyears，thisdifficultjobhasbeenmadeharderbythenegativeattitudesofsomelocalstowardsimmigrants.11．Accordingtothepassage，whatistheproblemthatpublicschoolsarefacing?A．HandlingmorecasesfromtheimmigrantMexicancommunities.B．Offeringservicestoimmigrantfamiliesinthesouthernstates.C．Offeringenoughcommunicativelessonstoimmigrantparents.D．Providingeducationfornon－nativeEnglishlearners.解析细节理解题。由第一段可知，美国南部的公立学校面临着难以为日益增加的不懂英语的移民子女供应足够的语言训练资源的问题。答案D12．Theunderlinedpart“builtfromsc