Knowing-me-knowing-you-第2课时-Using-language(教师版)

2019外研版必修三Unit1Knowingme,knowingyou1.2Usinglanguage目标导航目标导航重点词汇和词转1.annoyvt.使烦恼→annoyancen.烦恼，恼怒→annoyingadj.令人生气的→annoyedadj.感到生气的2.adjustvt.适应，使习惯→adjustmentn.适应，调整3.embarrassvt.使尴尬→.embarrassmentn.尴尬→embarrassingadj.令人尴尬的→embarrassedadj.感到尴尬的4.ensurevt.确保，保证→sureadj.确定的5.complexityn．复杂性，错综复杂→complexadj.复杂的6.criticizevt.批评，指责→criticismn．批评→criticn．批评家→criticaladj.批判的7.dutyn.职责，义务，责任8.accidentn.意外事件，偶然因素9.coreadj.核心的10.forgivev.原谅，宽恕11.boxingn.拳击12.approachn.方法v.靠近重点词组1.beannoyedwithsbat/aboutsth因某事对某人生气2.adjusttodoingsth适应/习惯做某事3.makesure确保4.forgivesbforsth原谅某人某事5.criticizesbforsth因某事而批评某人6.pullone’sweight做好分内事，尽责7.byaccident偶然，意外地8.inamess一团糟9.beangrywith对...生气10.besuretodosth.一定会做某事重点语法过去分词作状语：（课文原句）Disappointedbyhisbehaviour,Isaidallthistomybestfriend.Approachedinthisway,yourfriendshipwillsoonberepaired.BecauseIwasdisappointedbyhisbehaviour,Isaidallthistomybestfriend.Ifyourfriendshipisapproachedinthisway,itwillsoonberepaired.知识精讲知识精讲过去分词作状语过去分词起副词的作用,在句中作状语,它的正确运用能使句子更好地表情达意。观察探究:基本用法(1)作状语用的过去分词(短语)和句子的主语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,或称为_________关系。(2)过去分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等,可以转化成相应的状语从句。例如:Disappointedbyhisbehaviour,Isaidallthistomybestfriend.BecauseIwasdisappointedbyhisbehaviour,Isaidallthistomybestfriend.Approachedinthisway,yourfriendshipwillsoonberepaired.Ifyourfriendshipisapproachedinthisway,itwillsoonberepaired.找出句子中画线词的逻辑主语1.Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparklooksmorebeautiful.

2.Borninapoorfamily,Janehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.

3.Thecupfelldowntotheground,broken.

4.Givenmoretime,hecandoitbetter.

5.Explainedahundredtimes,hestillcan’tunderstandit.

6.Supportedbythenurse,thepatientgotoffthebed.

7.Thehunterwalkedslowlyintotheforest,followedbyhisdog.

8.Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.

一、过去分词作状语的类型过去分词作状语时，可表示原因、条件、让步、时间、方式和伴随情况。过去分词作方式状语和伴随状语时可以变为并列分句，作其他状语时可以变为相应的状语从句。状语类型例句原因Encouragedbytheprogresshehasmade，heworksharder.→Ashe’sencouragedbytheprogresshehasmade，heworksharder.由于受到所取得进步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。条件Givenmoretime，wecoulddoitmuchbetter.→Ifweweregivenmoretime，wecoulddoitmuchbetter.如果多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好。让步Wounded，thebravesoldiercontinuedtofight.→Althoughhewaswounded，thebravesolidercontinuedtofight.尽管受伤了，那位勇敢的战士仍然继续战斗。时间Discussedmanytimes，theproblemsweresettledatlast.→Aftertheywerediscussedmanytimes，theproblemsweresettledatlast.多次讨论之后，这些问题终于解决了。方式Theoldmanwalkedintotheroom，supportedbyhisson.→Theoldmanwalkedintotheroomandwassupportedbyhisson.这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。伴随MrsWucamein，followedbyherdaughter.→MrsWucameinandshewasfollowedbyherdaughter.吴太太走了进来，她的女儿紧跟其后。考点精讲：1.作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词when,while,until等,使其时间意义更明确。*Whenaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Jacksaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.当被问到对教学工作的观点时,杰克说他觉得它既有趣又有意义。2.作原因状语相当于原因状语从句或并列句。*Absorbedinpainting,Tomdidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.=BecauseTomwasabsorbedinpainting,hedidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.=Tomwasabsorbedinpainting,sohedidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.由于专心画画,汤姆没有注意到夜幕正在降临。3.作条件状语相当于条件状语从句。可加连词if,unless等转换成条件状语从句。*Usedwithcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.=Ifitisusedwithcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.如果用得仔细的话,一罐可以够用六周。4.作让步状语相当于让步状语从句。有时可加although,though,evenif,eventhough,whether...or...等连词转换成让步状语从句。*Defeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveupanyhope.=Althoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveupanyhope.尽管被对手击败,但是他从没放弃希望。5.作方式、伴随状语相当于and连接的并列句。*Sheacceptedthegift,deeplymoved.=Sheacceptedthegift,andshewasdeeplymoved.她接受了礼物,深深地被感动了。有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构,作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有:lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲);lost/absorbedin(沉溺于);dressedin(穿着);tiredof(厌烦)。*Lostinthought,hedidn’thearthedoorbell.由于陷入沉思之中,他没有听到铃声。活学活用：用所给词的适当形式填空(1)_________(develop)bytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it’sanexcellentwatercollector.(2)______(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.(3)Children,when____________(accompany)bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.(4)________(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart.(5)__________(translate)intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.二、过去分词作状语时的位置过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时,通常放在句首;作伴随、结果状语时,通常放在句末;作方式状语时,一般放在句末,有时也放在句首;作让步状语时,一般放在句首,有时也放在句末。*Toldthathismotherwasill,thebosshurriedhomequickly.(原因状语)得知母亲生病了,老板迅速赶回了家。*Theoldmanwalkedintotheroom,supportedbyhisson.(方式状语)老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。三、过去分词的独立结构作状语过去分词作状语时,有时在分词前加上自己的主语,这种带有自身主语的过去分词被称为过去分词的独立结构。过去分词的独立结构在句中作状语时,通常可表示时间、原因、条件等。*Muchtimespentsittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.很多时间都坐在办公桌旁,办公室职员一般都受到健康问题的困扰。【即学即练】用独立主格结构作状语改写句子(1)Afterthelecturewasgiven,alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.→_______________,alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.(2)Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars,noneofwhichwereshippedtoforeigncountries.→Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars,___________________toforeigncountries.(3)Becauseextramoneywasgiventothepoor,hefeltveryhappy.→________________tothepoor,hefeltveryhappy.四、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别Ⅲ.过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别语法逻辑关系时间概念过去分词作状语过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即被动关系。过去分词所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在。现在分词作状语现在分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。现在分词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生；现在分词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。Seeingfromthehill，youwillfindthecitylookslikeabiggarden.从山上看，你会发现这座城市看起来像一个大花园。(see与句子的主语you之间是逻辑上的主谓关系)Seenfromthehill，thecitylookslikeabiggarden.从山上看，这座城市看起来像一个大花园。(see与句子的主语thecity之间是逻辑上的动宾关系)温馨提示过去分词与现在分词的完成被动式(havingbeendone)作状语时，都具有被动意义，有时可以互换，但是havingbeendone结构强调动作先于句子的谓语动词所表示的动作。Examinedcarefully，thepatientwassenttotheoperationroom.＝Havingbeenexaminedcarefully，thepatientwassenttotheoperationroom.仔细检查之后，那个病人被送进了手术室。Shownaroundthelab，weweretakentoseethelibrary.＝Havingbeenshownaroundthelab，weweretakentoseethelibrary.参观了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观图书馆。过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,即表示被动;现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即表示主动。活学活用：____________foralongtime,thebooklooksold.(动宾关系)由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。______________thebook,Ifinditveryuseful.(主谓关系)在使用这本书时,我发现它很有用。【巧学助记】分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语,主语是问题。前后两动作,共用一主语。主语找出后,再来判关系。主动用-ing,被动用-ed。判断题：无论是现在分词还是过去分词,其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致,则必须用状语从句或独立主格结构等其他表达形式。Givingmoretime,wecanfinishthework.()Givenmoretime,wecanfinishthework. ()Ifwearegivenmoretime,wecanfinishthework.()Moretimegiven,wecanfinishthework. ()【即学即练】用所给词的适当形式填空(1)WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,______(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep. (2)—WhereisJimmy?—JustnowIsawhimsittingunderthetree,________(absorb)inhisvideogames.巩固练习巩固练习A.单句语法填空1．When_____(asked/asking)forhisviewsabouthisteachingjob，Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.2．_____(Moved/Moving)totears，hestoodtheresilently.3．Theboylayinbed，_____(listening/listened)tomusic.4．______(Inspired/Inspiring)byMrChen’sspeech，theydecidedtostudyscienceharder.5．_____(Based/Basing)onatruestory，thebooktellshowahousewifeturnsintoaprofessionallawyer.6．______(Faced/Facing)withachoicebetweenartsandscience，thelittlegirldidn’tknowwhichtochoose.7．Ourmanager，_______(known/knowing)theproductsofourcompanywereofpoorquality，decidedtogivetheworkersfurthertraining.8．_____(Offered/Offering)animportantroleinanewmovie，Andygotachancetobecomefamous.9．Nervously______(facing/faced)challenges，IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“beyourself”．10．Thesmartphone_____(judging/judged)tobethebestever，usersallovertheworldclaimtheyloveit.1.asked2.Moved3.listening4.Inspired5.Based6.Faced7.knowing8.Offered9.facing10.judged句型转换11．WhenitwastranslatedintoEnglish，thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.TranslatedintoEnglish，thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.12．Usedwithcare，onetinwilllastforsixweeks.Ifitisusedwithcare，onetinwilllastforsixweeks.13．BecauseIwasaskedtoworkovertimethatevening，Imissedawonderfulfilm.Askedtoworkovertimethatevening，Imissedawonderfulfilm.14．Hehurriedtothehallandwasfollowedbytwoguards.Hehurriedtothehall，followedbytwoguards.15．Hetookeverythingintoconsiderationandmadehisfinaldecision.Havingtakeneverythingintoconsideration，hemadehisfinaldecision.(用分词短语作状语改写)Everythingtakenintoconsideration，hemadehisfinaldecision.(用独立主格结构改写)翻译句子1.Whenheated,waterwillbeturnedintosteam.2.Askedhowhebrokeintotheroom,hemadenoanswer.3.Deeplymovedbythefilm,weallcried.4.Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadnomorethantwoyearsofschooling.5.Givenmorehelp,wecouldhavedonetheworkbetter.能力提升能力提升C.语法填空OnSept.30hundredsofpeopleattendedthepremiere(首映式)ofthemovieMyPeople，MyCountryataLosAngelescinema.Chineseflags1.(wave)intheirhands，theaudiencesangMyPeople，MyCountry，itsthemesong，togetheratthestartofthefilm.Thesongisapatriotic(爱国的)Chineseclassic,2.isknownineveryhousehold.Itwas3.(original)performedbythesingerLiGuyiin1985andwasreworkedforthemoviebythepopsingerFayeWong.Thefilmconsistsofsevenshortstoriesfromsevendirectors4.makesuseofthenation’sgreatesttechnologicalandcultural5.(achieve)．Insteadoffocusingonthehistoricalmomentsthemselves，thefilmshowstheseeventsthroughtheeyesofordinarypeoplewho6.(devote)tooraffectedbythem.Theshortstory，TheGuidingStar，forexample，followsapairofbrothers.They7.(see)thelandingofthecapsuleoftheShenzhouⅪmannedspacecraftonNov.18,2016inInnerMongoliaandwerefull8.prideandhopeatthatmoment.“Ifapersonmeetsahistoricalopportunitytobechanged，the9.(inspire)powerisunbelievable，”ChenKaigetoldC.“Inmystory，thelandingofShenzhouⅪchangedthelivesoftwoteenagers，changedtheirfateandallowed10.togainnewhope.”答案：1．waved2．which3．originally4．and5．achievements6．weredevoted7．saw8．of9．inspiring10．them单句改错Dietsaremosteffectivewhencombiningwithexercise.Determiningtogetaticketoftheconcert,hedidn’tmindstandinalongqueue.Myfathersatbeforethedeskuntilaftermidnight,absorbinginwriting.Knowingasoneofthemostimportantinventionofthetime,thecomputerhelpspeoplelivingindifferentcountriestodoalotofthings.Afteracceptedbytheclub,heattendedseveralactivitiesheldbyitOnceseeing,itwillneverbeforgotten.Helayinbed,relaxing.Catchinginaheavyrain,hehadtowaitfortheraintostop.Givingmoreattention,thetreescangrowbetter.Supportingbyherfamily,shedecidedtosettleinthenorthwestofChina.Thoughtellingofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.

After

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home,wasexhausted

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room.Theflowershisfriendsgavehimwilldieunlesstheywateredeveryday.Lookingatfromthatpointofview,hisdecisioniseasiertounderstand.答案：1.combining→combined2.Determining→Determined3.absorbing→absorbed4.Knowing→Known,invention→inventions5.After^beingaccepted6.seeing→seen7.relaxing→relaxed8.Catching→Caught9.Giving→Given10Supporting→Supported11.telling→told12.w/as13.handling→handled14.be→being或b/