2022武汉市高考英语阅读理解和书面表达一轮练习(4)及答案

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 It'sneverarealproblemforuswhentheweathergetscold．Wehavemanydifferentwaysofcopingwiththecold．Wecanputonmoreclothes,staynexttoafireplace,turnontheairconditionerorsimplytraveltoawarmercitytospendthewinter．ButthingsarenotaseasyforplantsUnlikehumans,plantscan’tmovetoescapethecoldorgenerateheattokeepthemselveswarm．Sohowdotheymanagetosurvivethefreezingwinter?Thecoldisabigchallengeforplants．Theirlivingtissuescanbedamagedwhentheyfreeze．It'slikeaplant'sequivalent(相等物）tofrostbite（冻疮）．Also，theprocessoffreezingandthawing（解冻）cancauseairbubblestoformintheplant'swatertransportsystem．Ifenoughoftheseairbubblescometogetheraswaterthawstheycanblocktheflowofwaterfromtherootstotheleavesandkilltheplant．Tolivethroughcoldweather，plantshavedevelopedthreestrategies，Someplants，suchasoaktrees,avoidfreezingdamagebydroppingtheirleaves,beforethewinterchillsetsin-effectivelyshuttingofftheflowofwaterbetweenrootsandleaves—andgrowingnewleavesandwatertransportcellswhenthewarmspringreturns.Otherplants,pinetreesforexample,protectthem-selvesbynarrowingtheirwatertransportcells,whichmakesiteasierforcellstotravelamongairbubbles．Thethirdstratef;yi8alsothemostextreme．Someplants;dieonthegroundinwinterandstartgrowingasnewplantsfromseedswhenconditionsgetwarmer．However,thesesmartstrategiesweredeveloped\nmry8lowly－overmillionsofyearsofevolution．Thisleadsscientiststoworrythatplantsmaynotbeabletodealwithhuman-causedclimatechange,whichhasonlystartedoccurringoverthepastfewdecades．Scientistsarehopingtofindpossiblewaystosaveplantsfromthethreatofclimatechange．1．Whatisthetextmainlyabout? A．Differentwaysforpeopletokeepwarm． B．Howplantslivethroughthefreezingwinter． C．Howplantsdevelopthe8tratef;iestokeepwarm* D．Thewaystosaveplantsfromthecold,2．Ifthewatertransportfromrootstoleaves18blocked,．A．theplantwillsufferfromf'rostbiteB．airbubbleswillbeformedC．theplant'slivingtissueswillbedamagedD．theplantwillbekilled3．Oaktreesprotectthemselvesby． A．stoppingthewatertransportfromrootstoleaves B．droppingtheirleavestogrowseeds C．slowingtheflowofwaterfromrootstoleaves D．storingenoughwaterintheroots4．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“setsin”meaninParagraph3? A．stopsB．beginsC．leaves D．returns5．Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph A．Plantscan,easilyadapttoclimatechange． B．Scientistsaremakingeffortstosaveplants． C．Climateschangeisagreatthreattoplants． D．Plantsaredevelopingnewstrategiestosurvive．【参考答案】1—5、BDADC阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。(2021·合肥市二模，D)Itisatalltalethatterrifiesmostyoungchildren.Swallowapieceofchewinggumanditwillremaininyourbodyforsevenyearsbeforeitisdigested.Anevenworsetaleisthatswallowedgumcanwrapitselfaroundyourheart.Butwhatdoeshappenifyoushouldaccidentallyeatastickofgum?Chewinggumismadeoutofgumbase,sweeteners,coloringandflavoring.Thegumbaseisprettyindigestible—itisamixtureofdifferentingredients(成分)thatourbodycan'tabsorb.Mostofthetime,yourstomachreallycannotbreakdownthegumthewayitwouldbreakdownotherfoods.However,yourdigestivesystemhasanotherwaytodealwiththingsyouswallow.Afterall,weeatlotsofthingsthatweareunabletofullydigest.Theykeepmovingalonguntiltheymakeitallthewaythroughthegut(肠子)andcomeoutattheotherendoneortwodayslater.Thesaliva(唾液)inourmouthswillmakeanattemptatdigestingchewinggumassoonasweputitinourmouths.Itmightgetthroughtheshellbutmanyofgum'sbaseingredientsareindigestible.It'sthendowntoourstomachmuscles—whichcontractandrelax,muchlikethewayanearthwormmoves—toslowlyforcethethingsthatweswallowthroughoursystems.Swallowingahugepieceofgumorswallowingmanysmallpiecesofguminashorttimecancauseablockagewithinthedigestivesystem,mostofteninchildren,whohaveathinnerdigestivetubethanadults—butthisisextremelyrare.文章大意：本文为一篇科普类说明文。误食口香糖是不是像大人吓小孩子那样可怕呢？本文对此进行了分析。8．Childrenmightfeelterrifiedafterswallowingchewinggummainlybecause________.A．theybelievethetalltalesaboutchewinggumB．chewinggumwillstayintheirbodyforyearsC．theirheartwillbewrappedbychewinggumD．chewinggumisindigestibleforchildren答案：A细节理解题。依据文章第一段第一句“Itisatalltalethatterrifiesmostyoungchildren.”以及对其次、三句话的理解可知，答案A符合文义。B、C两项只是分别说明白talltale的内容，故排解。9．Whathappenstothefoodthatcan'tbefullybrokendown?A．Itremainsinourdigestivesystemforever.B．Itwillbeeventuallymovedoutofourbody.C．Itwillfightagainstthepowerofthegut.D．Itwillsticktothegutforoneortwodays.答案：B细节理解题。依据文章第三段最终两句“Afterall,weeatlotsofthingsthatweareunabletofullydigest.Theykeepmoving...comeoutattheotherendoneortwodayslater.”可知，答案B符合文义。10．ThewordIt(inthe4thparagraph)refersto________.A．Theattempt B．ThesalviaC．Theshell D．Thegumbase答案：B指代推断题。依据对文章第四段前两句的理解可知，此处的It是指第四段第一句中的Thesaliva(唾液)，故答案B符合文义。11．Whatwouldbethebesttitlefortext?A．Howdoesourdigestivesystemwork?B．Canchewinggumbeswallowedbykids?C．Doesswallowingchewinggummatter?D．Whyswallowingchewinggumfrightenskids?答案：C标题概括题。文章第一段由一个使小孩子可怕的说法导入话题，下文是对口香糖进入肚子后会怎样的一个科学解释，由此可推知，选项C“误食口香糖要紧吗”最适合作为文章标题。阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。(2021·合肥市二模，E)Tellingfewerliesbenefitspeoplephysicallyandmentally.AnitaKelly,studyauthorandprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofNotreDame,employed110adultsforherstudy.Shedividedthemintotwogroupsandaskedonegrouptostoplyingfor10weeks.Liesincludedbigonesandtinyones—anyfalsestatements—butparticipantswerestillallowedtoleaveoutthetruth,keepsecretsandavoidquestionstheydidn'twanttoanswer,etc.Theothergroupwasn'tgivenanyspecialinstructionsaboutlying.Itturnsoutthatbothgroupsreducedtheirlying,butthosewhowerespecificallytoldtotellthetruthimprovedtheirhealthmore.“Wefoundthattheparticipantscouldpurposefullyanddramaticallyreducetheireverydaylies,andthatinturnwasassociatedwithsignificantlyimprovedhealth，”saidKelly.Whenparticipantsinthenoliegrouptoldthreefewerwhiteliesthantheydidinotherweeks,theyexperienced,onaverage,fewermentalhealthcomplaintsandphysicalcomplaints.Theywerelesslikelytofeeltenseorsadandalsoexperiencedfewersorethroatsandheadaches.Theyalsoreportedthatpersonalrelationshipsimproved.Additionally,participantsfoundthemselveshonestabouttheirdailyaccomplishments,andtheystoppedmakingupexcusesforbeinglateorfailingtocompleteatask,forexample.“It'scertainlyaworthygoaltohavepeoplebemorehonestandinteractwithothersinamorehonestway，”sayspsychologistRobertFeldman.“Thatwouldbebeneficial,I'malittledoubtfulwhetheritmakesusallhealthier,butitmaymakeushealthierinapsychologicalway.”文章大意：本文是一篇科研报告。争辩了撒谎和健康之间的关系。12．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A．Peoplewhotellliesarehealthierthanthosewhodon't.B．Beinghonestcanhelpcuresorethroatsandheadaches.C．Notalltheparticipantswererequiredtotellthetruth.D．Participantsinvolvedareaskednottokeepsecrets.答案：C细节理解题。依据第一段倒数第一句“Theothergroupwasn'tgivenanyspecialinstructionsaboutlying.”可知，有一组的试验对象没有被要求讲实情，故答案C符合文义。13．Theparticipantsofthetwogroups________.A．toldasmanyliesasbeforeB．werealmostequallyhealthyC．tendedtolielessabouttheiractivitiesD．experiencedtenserpersonalrelationships答案：C细节理解题。依据其次段的第一句“Itturnsoutthatbothgroupsreducedtheirlying...”可知，答案C符合文义。14．FromRobertFeldman,wecanlearnthat________.A．whiteliesmightmakepeoplehavemorecomplaintsB．honestyislikelytohelppeoplebecomementallyhealthierC．peopleshouldnotbehonestwithothersbutwiththemselvesD．tellingthetruthcanmakepeoplephysicallyandmentallyhealthy答案：B推理推断题。依据文章最终一句“...butitmaymakeushealthierinapsychologicalway”可推知，答案B“恳切会让人们在精神上更健康”符合文义。15．Thetextismainlyabout________.A．theconnectionofhonestyandhealthB．researchonphysicalandmentalhealthC．adviceaboutbeinganhonestpersonD．effectsofhonestyonpersonalrelationships答案：A主旨大意题。依据文章第一句“Tellingfewerliesbenefitspeoplephysicallyandmentally.”的开篇点题可知，本文主要讲的是恳切和健康之间的关系，故答案A符合文义。【湖南省怀化市2022高考英语一模试题】书面表达(25marks)Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你的笔友Tony因上期高三期末数学考试未及格而倍受打击，心情低落。请你(王华)写一封信给他，鼓舞他重拾自信，实现幻想。留意： 1、词数不少于120个； 2、不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————foryoubecauseitcangiveyousometimetoberefreshedinbothbodyandmindsothatwecangoonwithour【江西省上饶市2022高考英语二模试题】书面表达（满分25分） 请你以一则公益广告——Don，tletthekeyboardseparateyouandyourlovedones为题写一篇发言稿，谈谈网络给我们带来的好处，并呼吁人们放下手中的鼠标与家人多多沟通，享受与家人在一起的奇怪时间。 参考词汇：网民—netizen 留意：1．词数：120左右；2．题目与开头已给出，不计入总词数3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；4．短文中不能毁灭与本人相关的信息。Don9tletthekeyboardseparateyouandyourlovedones Hello,everyone!