2022湖南邵东县高考英语单项选择和阅读理解精炼(2)及答案

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Asksomeonewhattheyhavedonetohelptheenvironmentrecentlyandtheywillalmostcertainlymentionrecycling.Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse.However,beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed.Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible,butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.Thetotalamountofpackagingincreasedby12%between1999and2005.Itnowmakesupathirdofatypicalhousehold’swasteintheUK.Inmanysupermarketsnowadaysfooditemsarepackagedtwicewithplasticandcardboard.Toomuchpackagingisdoingseriousdamagetotheenvironment.TheUK,forexample,isrunningoutofareasforburyingthisunnecessarywaste.Ifsuchpackagingisburnt,itgivesoffgreenhousegaseswhichgoontocausethegreenhouseeffect.Recyclinghelps,buttheprocessitselfusesenergy.Thesolutionisnottoproducesuchitemsinthefirstplace.Foodwasteisaseriousproblem,too.Toomanysupermarketsencouragecustomerstobuymorethantheyneed.However,afewofthemarecomingroundtotheideathatthiscannotcontinue,encouragingcustomerstoreusetheirplasticbags,forexample.Butthisisnotjustaboutsupermarkets.Itisaboutallofus.Wehavelearnedtoassociatepackagingwithquality.Wehavelearnedtothinkthatsomethingunpackagedisofpoorquality.Thisisespeciallytrueoffood.Butitalsoappliestoawiderangeofconsumerproducts,whichoftenhavefarmorepackagingthannecessary.Therearesignsofhope.Asmoreofusrecycle,wearebeginningtorealisejusthowmuchunnecessarymaterialwearecollecting.Weneedtofacethewastefulnessofourconsumerculture,butwehaveamountaintoclimb.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thatover-consumption”referto?A.Usingtoomuchpackaging.B.Recyclingtoomanywastes.C.Makingmoreproductsthannecessary.D.Havingmorematerialthanisneeded.2.TheauthorusesfiguresinParagraph2toshow.A.thetendencyofcuttinghouseholdwasteB.theincreaseofpackagingrecyclingC.therapidgrowthofsupermarketsD.thefactofpackagingoveruse3.Accordingtothetext,recycling.A.helpscontrolthegreenhouseeffectB.meansburningpackagingforenergyC.isthesolutiontogasshortageD.leadstoawasteofland4.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.Unpackagedproductsareofbadquality.B.Supermarketscaremoreaboutpackaging.C.Itisimpropertojudgequalitybypackaging.D.Otherproductsarebetterpackagedthanfood.5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Fightingwastefulnessisdifficult.B.Needlessmaterialismostlyrecycled.C.Peoplelikecollectingrecyclablewastes.D.Theauthorisproudoftheirconsumerculture.【参考答案】1-5DDACA阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。TheGoldmanEnvironmentalFoundationrecentlyrecognizedagroupofindividuals(个体)fortheireffortstoprotecttheenvironment.Eachyear,theAmerican-basedgrouphonorsenvironmentalactivistsfromsixdifferentareas.Thefirstthreewinnersofthe2022GoldmanPrizearefromKenya,thePhilippinesandChina.TheGoldmanEnvironmentalFoundationsaysIkalAngeleiisaherotothosewholivearoundLakeTurkana.TheKenyanwomanreceivedtheawardbecauseofhereffortstostopadamprojectonariverinEthiopia.Criticssaythedamwillharmthelakeandrestrict(限制)theflowofwaterforpeoplewholivenearby.ThePhilippineislandofMindoroishometothosewhodependonthearea’snaturalresourcesforfoodandjobs.EdwinGariguezbecameconcernedwhenaEuropeancompanyannouncedplanstominefornickel(InChina,MaJuneisworkingwithbusinessestocleanuptheirpollution.Heformedagroupthatcollectsinformationaboutpollution,andpublishesitontheInternet.TheGoldmanPrizewasalsoawardedtoactivistsfromArgentina,RussiaandtheUnitedStates.SofiaGaticaofArgentinaisfromatownwherefarmerscommonlyusepesticide(杀虫剂)productstoprotectsoybeancropsfrominsects.Thetownalsohasahighrateofcancer.SofiaGaticabelievedthatpesticideusewasresponsibleforthedeathofherbaby.Sheworkedwithothermotherstogetgovernmentofficialstobantheuseofchemicalsnearpopulatedareas.EvgeniaChirikovaobjectstotheplanstobuildaroadthroughaprotectedforestjustoutsideMoscow.ShehasdemandedthatRussianofficialsredirecttheroadawayfromtheforest.Sheandherfollowershavebeenarrestedfortheiractivities.However,theircampaignhasgainedwidespreadpublicsupport.ThesixthwinnerisAmericanCarolineCannon—acommunityleaderinPointHope,Alaska.MizCannonisfightingtokeepArcticwaterssafefromoilandgasexp1.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat______.A.thedamprojecthasbeenpreventedB.thefirstthreeactivistsareallfromAsiaC.aEuropeancompanyisgoingtodigfornickelD.MaJuneistryingtostopoilandgasexploration2.Fromthe7thparagraph,wecanknowthat______.A.pesticideuseaccountsforahigh-rateofcancerB.SofiamanagedtobantheuseofchemicalsC.thefarmersmainlyliveonunpollutedproductsD.thedeathofthebabywasduetodelayedtreatment3.WhatdoweknowaboutEvgeniaChirikova？A.Sheplanstobuildaroadtoprotecttheforest.B.Sheisinchargeofaprojectfarawayfromtheroad.C.Shepersuadedthegovernmenttosetherfollowersfree.D.Herenvironmentalactionhasbeenwidelyacknowledged.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.SixAdvancedIndividualsforHardWorkB.EffortstoCreateaCleanandBeautifulWorldC.SixEnvironmentalActivistsWinGoldmanPrizeD.TheGoldmanEnvironmentalFoundationPrize【参考答案】1—4、CADC阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D中，选出最佳答案。Amousehappenedtolookthroughaholeinthewalltoseethefarmerandhiswifeopenapackage.“Whatfoodmightthiscontain?”Themousewondered.Buthewassadtodiscoveritwasamousetrap.Backtothefarmyard,themouseannouncedthiswarning;“Thereisamousetrapinthehouse!Thereisamousetrapinthehouse!”Thehenclucked(咯咯地叫)andscratched,raisedherheadandsaid,“Mr.Mouse,Icantellthisisagreatconcerntoyou,butitisofnoconsequencetome.Icannotbebotheredbyit.”Thenthemouseturnedtothepig.Thepigsympathized,butsaid,“Iamsoverysorry,Mr.Mouse,butthereisnothingIcandoaboutitbutpray.Beassuredyouareinmyprayers.”Thenthemouseturnedtothecowandrepeatthesamewords.Thecowsaid,“Moo,Mr.Mouse.I’msorryforyou,butit’snoskinoffmynose.”So,themousereturnedtothehouse,headdownandsadlyfacedthefarmer’smousetrapalone.Thatveryrightasoundwasheardthroughoutthehouse–thesoundofamousetrapcatchingitsprey(猎物).Thefarmer’swiferushedtoseewhatwascaught.Inthedarkness,shedidnotseeit.Itwasapoisonoussnakewhosetailwascaughtinthetrap.Thesnakebitthefarmer’swife.Thefarmerrushedhertothehospital.Whenshereturnedhome,shestillhadafever.Everyoneknowsfreshchickensoupisgoodtotreatafever.Sothefarmertookhisknifetothefarmyard.Thehenwaskilled.Buthiswife’ssicknesscontinued.Friendsandneighborscametositwithheraroundtheclock.Tofeedthem,thefarmerbutcheredthepig.Thefarmer’swifedidnotgetwellbutdied.Somanypeoplecameforherfuneralthatthefarmerhadthecowkilledtoprovideenoughmeatforallofthemforthelunch.Themouselookeduponitallfromhisholeinthewallwithgreatsadness.26．Whatsurprisedthemousewhenlookingthroughthehole? A．Thefarmerandhiswife. B．Adangerousmousetrap. C．Apackagewithfoodin. D．Apoisonoussnake.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。依据Buthewassadtodiscoveritwasamousetrap.老鼠惊异地发觉了一个扑鼠器，故选B。27．Whatdidthemousedowhenitreturnedtothefarmyard? A．Ithadawarntalkwithhisfriends. B．Itwarneditsneighborsofthedanger. C．Itarguedwithitsneighborsloudly. D．Ittriedhardtocheeritsneighbors.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。依据Backtothefarmyard,themouseannouncedthiswarning;老鼠警告大家有危急，故选B。28．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthestory? A．Thehenwassurethatitneedn’tbebotheredbyit. B．Thepigonlyexpresseditssympathyforthemouse. C．Thefarmer’swifewasbittenbythepoisonoussnake. D．Thefarmer’sneighborscametohishomeformeat.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。依据Somanypeoplecameforherfuneralthatthefarmerhadthecowkilledtoprovideenoughmeatforallofthemforthelunch.农夫的邻居来他的家参与他的妻子的葬礼，这位农夫杀了牛来款待大家吃肉，故选D。29．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“butit’snoskinoffmynose”inparagraph5mean? A．Itisnoneofmybusiness. B．Itisoutofthequestion. C．Itdoesn’taffectmysmell. D．Itisnotinterestingatall.【答案】A【解析】句意理解题。依据I’msorryforyou既然牛这样说对不起，就能推想他无能为力，也不管它的事，故选A。30．Whichofthefollowingcanbestexpressthemoralofthestory? A．Mindworksfasterintimeofdanger. B．Neverputyournoseintoothers’business. C．Weshouldpulltogetherintimeoftrouble. D．Outofsight,outofmind.【答案】C【解析】推理推断题。从这个寓言故事可知看似不管自己的事情却引起自己的灾难，所以无论谁遇到困难时大家齐心合力，共度难关。故选C。2021高考英语（附解析答案）Ⅰ.单项填空1．Mark______havehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed，hearrivedhalfanhourearly.A．needn’t B．wouldn’tC．mustn’t D．couldn’t解析考查情态动词。句意：马克本没有必要那么急，全速开车后他提前了半个小时到达。依据句意和前后的照应可知应选A项。A项表示“本没有必要”；B项意为“不会”；C项表示“不允许”；D项表示“不行能”。明显，B、C、D三项与后文论述不符。答案A2．Ifmostbread­winners______aday’spaytotheHopeProject，thenitwillbehopeful.A．gift B．donateC．present D．give解析句意：假如大多数挣工资的人把一天的所得捐献给期望工程的话，那期望工程就有期望了。donate“捐献”；present“(作为礼物)赠送”；give“赐予”；gift为名词“礼物”。答案B3．They______twofreeticketstoCanada，otherwisethey’dneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo.A．hadgot B．gotC．havegot D．get解析句意：他们得到两张免费去加拿大的机票，不然他们没钱去那儿。otherwise是虚拟语气的示意，从“they’dneverhavebeenableto...”可知，该句是对已发生的大事的虚拟假设，而前半句是对过去事实的陈述，故B项正确。答案B4．Ronny’ssteps______，andtherewasamomentofabsolutesilence.A．diedback B．diedawayC．diedoff D．diedout解析考查短语的意思。dieaway意思为“(风、声音)渐息，渐弱”；dieoff意为“相继死亡，种群突然急剧的衰减”；dieout意为“完全的灭亡，灭亡”，如：Tribesandtribalcustomsdiedoutcenturiesago.部落和部落文化在几个世纪前就消亡了。答案B5．Thecriminal，aswellassome______people，wasarrestedbythepoliceyesterday.A．relevant B．skilledC．released D．lucky解析relevant相关的。句意：那个罪犯，连同一些相关的人昨天被警方逮捕了。答案A6．Thedoctorsaidthatthepatienthad______atonce.A．tooperate B．tobeoperatedC．operated D．tobeoperatedon解析operate作“动手术”讲时，是不及物动词，所以表示“给某人动手术”用短语operateonsb.，用被动语态时介词on应当保留。答案D7．Thesecretaryshouldhaveallthe______documentsreadybeforethemeetingbegins.A．concerning B．respectingC．relevant D．regarding解析relevant“有关的”。句意：秘书应当在会议开头之前把全部相关文件预备好。答案C8．Whenwilltheresultoftheexambeannounced？Thestudentsare______toknowit.A．agreeing B．dyingC．deciding D．desiring解析bedyingtodosth.极想做某事。desire意为“渴望；渴求”后可接动词不定式，但不用于进行时。答案B9．Whatskillsareneededto______thismachine?A．manage B．operateC．operateon D．managewith解析operateamachine操作机器。答案B10．Somethingiswrongwithhis