【最高考】2021高考英语(江苏)语法精讲+精练：专题六-非谓语动词常考点-

专题六非谓语动词常考点非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词始终是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时，肯定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的规律主语，确定该动词与规律主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜寻句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。非谓语功能形式动名词具出名词功能，常在句中作主语，宾语主动式doing被动式beingdone完成式havingdone/havingbeendone现在分词表主动和正在进行，常在句中作定语，状语，宾补一般式doing完成式havingdone过去分词表被动和已完成，常在句中作定语，状语，补语一般式done进行式beingdone完成式havingbeendone动词不定式表将来具体某一次，常在句中作主语，定语，状语，补语，宾语等一般式todo/tobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedone/tohavebeendoneeq\a\vs4\al(1)动名词和不定式作主语①假如表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如：Toseeistobelieve.＝Seeingisbelieving.②动名词作主语的句型。如：Itisnouse/nogood/uselessdoingsth.Itisawasteoftimedoing(也可用Itisawasteoftimetodo)③动词不定式和动名词的复合结构：动词不定式的复合结构有两种：Itisdifficult/easy/possible/necessary/...forsb.todosth.和Itiskind/wise/foolish/considerate/...ofsb.todo。动名词的复合结构是由名词全部格或“物主代词＋动名词”构成。在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中的规律主语常接受名词通格或人称代词宾格。如：Hiscomingmademehappy.Ican'timaginehis/himlivingtherealone.④动名词被动式作主语(过去分词不行作主语)。如：Beingexposedtothesunlightforalongtimedoesharmtoyourskin.完成下列句子：①It'sfoolish____________________________(你信任他说的话)．②It'simpossible____________________________(他做这样的事)．③Doyoumind____________________________(我抽烟)?④It'snouse____________________________(你和他争辩)．⑤________(go)abroadisanhonourtome.⑥________(take)abroadisanhonourtome.⑦________(devote)tohisworkmadehimsucceed.【答案】①ofyoutobelievewhathesaid②forhimtodosuchathing③my/mesmoking④your/youarguingwithhim⑤Going⑥Beingtaken⑦Beingdevotedeq\a\vs4\al(2)动名词和不定式作宾语①下面的动词要求用不定式作宾语：attempt(企图)，afford(负担得起)，demand(要求)，long(渴望)，desire(渴望)，expect，hope，wish，want，swear(宣誓)，volunteer(自愿)，offer(供应)，fail(未能)，plan，care(关怀，宠爱)，happen(碰巧)，prepare(预备)，learn(学习)，choose(选择)，hesitate(迟疑)，claim(要求)，promise，undertake(承接)，appear(好像)，seek(查找)，refuse(拒绝)，decide(打算)，determine(打算)，manage(设法)，pretend(假装)，agree(同意)，bother(苦恼)，intend(想要)，wait(等待)②下面的动词只能用动名词作宾语：acknowledge(承认)，admit(承认)，deny(否认)，mention(说到，讲到)，tolerate/stand/bear(忍受)，dislike(不宠爱)，advocate(提倡，主见)，appreciate(感谢，观赏)，avoid(避开)，enjoy(享受)，envy(嫉妒)，delay(延迟)，postpone(延迟，延期)，escape(逃跑，躲避)，excuse/pardon/forgive(原谅)，fancy(幻想，爱好)，imagine(想象)，favour(造成，偏爱)，mind(介意)，miss(错过)，finish(完成)，resist(抵制)，risk(冒险)，involve(包含)，practise(实践)，suggest/advise/recommend(建议)，prevent(阻挡)，keep(保持)，quit/abandon(放弃，停止)，understand(理解)，include(包括)③后接动名词作宾语的动词短语和句型有：have(no/much/some/...)difficulty/trouble/ahardtime(in)，takepleasurein，spendtime/money(in)，wastetime(in)，beworth，bebusy，feellike，becommittedto④to作为介词的短语有：lookforwardto，payattentionto，objectto＝beopposedto，bedevotedto，stickto，comecloseto(差一点)，getdownto(开头认真做)，get/beaccustomed/usedto(doing),leadto＝contributeto(sb.doing/beingdone)⑤allow，permit，forbid，advise，recommend的用法：allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend＋doingallow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend＋sb.＋todo如：Idon'tallowsmokinginmyroom.Idon'tallowhimtosmokeinmyroom.用所给词的适当形式填空：①Weagreed________(meet)herebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.②Thediscoveryofthenewevidenceledtothethief________(catch)．③Janeypretended__________(write)whenhermothercamein.④IcanhardlyimaginePeter________(sail)acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.⑤Thedoctoradvisedhim________(stop)smoking.【答案】①tomeet②beingcaught③tobewriting④sailing⑤tostopeq\a\vs4\al(3)留意区分下列动词后接不定式和动名词①forgettodosth.遗忘要去做某事(此事未做)forgetdoingsth.遗忘做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)remembertodosth.记得去做某事(未做)rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(已做)②stoptodo停止(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在或经常做的事goontodo连续(去做另外一件事情)goondoing连续(原先没有做完的事情)③regrettodosth.对要做的事感到圆满(圆满地要去做某事)regretdoingsth.对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到懊悔(懊悔做过或未做过某事)④trytodo努力、企图做trydoing试验、试一试某种方法⑤meantodo(人)打算，有意要……meandoing(物)意味着⑥can'thelp(to)dosth.不能挂念做某事can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事用所给词的适当形式填空：①Don'tyouremember________(see)themanbefore?②Iregret________(inform)youthatthemeetinghasbeencancelled.③Let'stry________(do)theworksomeotherway.④Ididn'tmean________(hurt)yourfeeling.⑤I'msobusythatIcan'thelp________(clean)thehousewithyou.⑥Afterwefinishedourhomework，wewenton________(review)thenewlesson.【答案】①seeing②toinform③doing④tohurt⑤(to)clean⑥torevieweq\a\vs4\al(4)不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区分①不定式作表语，一般表示具体动作，特殊是表示将来的动作。动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。②假如主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。③过去分词作表语，表示“感到，觉得”，现在分词作表语，表示“令人……”。此类词有：embarrass，excite，interest，delight，disappoint，encourage，inspire，please，puzzle，satisfy，surprise，worry，convince等。用所给词的适当形式填空：①Hiswishis________(go)abroad.②Hishobbyis________(collect)stamps.③Themostimportantthingis________(negotiate)withthemaboutthefutureoftheplant.④Whatheshoulddois________(work)hard.⑤Hefelt________(embarrass)．【答案】①togo②collecting③tonegotiate④work⑤embarrassedeq\a\vs4\al(5)分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区分①下面的动词要求用不定式作宾补(动词＋宾语＋动词不定式)：ask(请，叫)，tell(告知)，get(使，让)，prefer(宠爱，宁愿)，like(宠爱)，force(强迫)，press(迫使)，require(要求)，request(恳求)，advise(劝告)，pray(恳求)，remind(提示)，beg(恳求)，invite(吸引，邀请)，command(命令)，order(命令)，intend(想要，企图)，drive(驱除)，train(训练)，cause(引起)，instruct(指示)，direct(指导)，warn(告诫)，enable(使能够)，need(需要)，urge(激励，力说)，inspire(鼓舞)，encourage(鼓舞)，want(想要)，lead(引起，使得)，teach(教)，wish(期望)。②感官动词，如：see，watch，observe，notice，lookat，hear，listento，feel等。感官动词后可接不带to的不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语。使役动词have，make的用法(留意have作为“有”的用法)：使役动词have可接不带to的不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语；make后接不带to的不定式、过去分词、名词、形容词作宾语补足语。③catch，find，get，leave，keep，set，send后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语。用所给词的适当形式填空：①Ioftenhearhim________(sing)thesong.Ioftenhearthesong________(sing)．Iheardhim________(sing)thesongwhenIpassedby.Iheardthesong________(sing)whenIpassedby.②I'mleavingforBeijingtomorrow.Doyouhaveanything________(take)toyourson?Iwon'thaveyou________(talk)tohimlikethat!Ihadhim________(repair)mybike.Ihadmybike________(repair)．Youshouldn'thavethelight________(burn)allthenight.③Hisletterleftme________(feel)prettybad.Heleftthework________(unfinish)．Youcanleavehim________(finish)thework.Whatshesaidsetme________(think)．Thepushsenthim________(fall)down.【答案】①sing；sung；singing；beingsung②tobetaken；talking；repair；repaired；burning③feeling；unfinished；tofinish；thinking；fallingeq\a\vs4\al(6)分词和动词不定式作状语的区分分词作状语，除表示伴随之外还表示时间、让步或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的，还表示结果、情感或心理状态缘由。尤其留意表示特性的形容词(comfortable，difficult，easy等)后接的不定式要用主动形式表示被动意义。用所给词的适当形式填空：①________(turn)totheright，youwillfindthehospital.②________(give)moretime，Iwillfinishthework.③________(wait)forabus，Imetafriendofmine.④Hewasexcited________(hear)thenews.⑤Hedidallhecould________(help)peopleinneed.⑥Theplacehereferredtoishard________(find)．【答案】①Turning②Given③Waiting④tohear⑤tohelp⑥tofindeq\a\vs4\al(7)不定式和分词作定语的区分不定式作定语，表示将来；现在分词作定语，表示正在发生或主动；过去分词作定语，表示过去或被动。此外，在warning，ability，failure，determination，wish，decision等词后面用不定式作定语；不定式作定语还可用来修饰序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定语。用所给词的适当形式填空：①Themeeting________(hold)tomorrowisimportant.②Themeeting________(hold)nowisimportant.③Themeeting________(hold)yesterdaywasimportant.【答案】①tobeheld②beingheld③heldeq\a\vs4\al(8)现在分词与过去分词的区分现在分词作定语、宾语补足语、状语时，与它所补充说明的名词之间是主动关系；而过去分词作定语、宾语补足语、状语时，与它所补充说明的名词之间是被动关系。用所给词的适当形式填空：①________(see)fromthetopofthehill，thepeopleonthestreetlooklikeants.________(see)thescene，thepeopleonthestreetletoutacryofjoy.②Theroom________(face)southisourclassroom.Theroom________(paint)whiteismine.③WhenIreturned，Ifoundthedoor________(lock)．WhenIreturned，Ifoundhim________(watch)TV.【答案】①Seen；Seeing②facing；painted③locked；watchingeq\a\vs4\al(9)“疑问词＋不定式”结构疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语。用所给词的适当形式填空：When________(start)hasnotbeendecided.【答案】tostarteq\a\vs4\al(10)onlytodo，nevertodo，onlydoingonlytodo意为“结果却”；nevertodo意为“结果却再没有”；onlydoing意为“只是做”。用所给词的适当形式填空：①Hewasbusywritingastory，only________(stop)onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.②Hehurriedthere，only________(tell)thetrainhadleft.③Helefthome，never________(hear)from.【答案】①stopping②tobetold③tobeheardeq\a\vs4\al(11)全都性不定式和分词的规律主语必需与主句的主语保持全都，否则只能用从句或独立主格结构。完成下列句子：①______________thefilm(看电影的时候)，hecried.②________thefilm(看电影的时候)，tearscamedownhisface.【答案】①Whenhesaw/Seeing②Whenhesaw/Heseeingeq\a\vs4\al(12)with复合结构with后面的宾补可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词(表主动)、过去分词(表被动)、不定式(表将来)。with复合结构在句中作缘由或伴随状语，还可以作定语。用所给词的适当形式填空：①Withalotofhomework________(finish)，Ican'tgowithyou.②Withalotofhomework________(finish)，Iwenthomeandhadarest.③Withaboy________(help)us，wefoundtheplaceeasily.【答案】①tofinish②finished③helpingeq\a\vs4\al(13)独立主格结构独立主格结构的构成：①名词(代词)＋现在分词(与前面构成主动关系)；②名词(代词)＋过去分词(与前面构成被动关系)；③名词(代词)＋不定式(表将来)；④名词(代词)＋副词；⑤名词(代词)＋形容词；⑥名词(代词)＋介词短语；⑦名词(代词)＋名词。Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.Thevillagers,mostofthemwomenandchildren,werekilledthatnight.完成下列句子：①Manypeopleweremissing，mostof________women.＝Manypeopleweremissing，mostof________werewomen.②Time________(permit)(＝Iftimepermits)，wewillgothere.③Time________(give)(＝Iftimeisgiven)，Iwillfinishitalone.【答案】①them；whom②permitting③giveneq\a\vs4\al(14)评注性分词评注性分词有：judgingfrom/by(依据……推断)，considering(就……而言)，generallyspeaking(总的来说)，talking/speakingof(说起)。但是留意区分judge和consider作为及物动词时的用法。用所给词的适当形式填空：①________(judge)fromhisaccent，heisfromHunan.________(judge)tobethebest，hewashonoured.②________(consider)hisage，hehasdonewell.________(consider)asoneofthebiggestcitiesintheworld，Shanghaiisverypopularnow.【答案】①Judging；Judged②Considering；Consideredeq\a\vs4\al(15)被动形式表主动意义的几个动词beseated＝sit，belocated＝lie，bedressedin＝wear，beleft＝remain，bedevotedto＝devoteoneselfto。用所给词的适当形式填空：①Doyouknowthegirl________(seat)underthetree?②Therearemanyproblems________(remain)tobesolved.Therearemanyproblems________(leave)unsolved.③________(devote)toscience，hewillberememberedforever.________(devote)allhislifetoscience，hewillberememberedforever.【答案】①seated②remaining；left③Devoted；Devotingeq\a\vs4\al(16)非谓语动词的完成式和否定式当非谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，要用完成式。非谓语动词的否定式放在不定式、动名词或分词前。用括号里所给词的适当形式填空：①________(see)hismother，thechildsmiled.②________(see)thefilmmanytimes，Iknowitwell.③________(show)aroundthelab，thevisitorsweretakentothelibrary.④Hismothertoldhim________(notleave)hisworkunfinished.⑤Helookedforward________(notcancel)theconcert.⑥________(notreceive)hisanswer，Idecidedtowritetohimagain.【答案】①Seeing②Havingseen③Havingbeenshown/Shown④nottoleave⑤tonotcancelling⑥Nothavingreceivedeq\a\vs4\al(17)推断用并列谓语还是非谓语有时要区分用谓语还是非谓语。现在分词作状语，表伴随动作和谓语动词的动作同时进行。并列谓语之间有and,用在最终一个谓语前，构成AandB,或A、BandC;否则，要把其中一个变为非谓语。①Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand______downtoeatourpicniclunch.A.sittingB.havingsatC.tositD.sat②Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not______，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.beingmoved【答案】①D②Beq\a\vs4\al(18)推断表示缘由、伴随、结果还是表目的①Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,______suppliestoYushu,QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.A.sendingB.tosendC.havingsentD.tohavesent②Iexplainedthetheoryasclearlyaspossible,______tomakeiteasy______.A.tohope;tounderstandB.hoped;understoodC.hoping;tounderstandD.tohope;tobeunderstood【答案】①A②Ceq\a\vs4\al(19)therebe结构there＋be＋名词＋doing/done/todo；deny/appreciate/mind/imagine/admit＋介词＋therebeing；want/expect/hope/wish/like/hate/wouldlike/prefer/mean/intend＋theretobe。therebeing是独立主格结构。Thereisnodoing意为“不行能……，无法……”。用所给词的适当形式填空：①Thereisagreatdealofevidence________(indicate)thatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.②Thestudentsexpectedthere________(be)morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams.③Annneverdreamsofthere________(be)forhertobesentabroadverysoon.④There________(be)nomoneyleft,Ican'tbuythebook.【答案】①indicating②tobe③being④beingeq\a\vs4\al(20)不定式to后的省略一般保留动词不定式符号to，若to后有助动词have,be,havebeen,则也要保留。①Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim________．A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto②Inmyopinion,lifeinthetwenty－firstcenturyismucheasierthan________．A.thatusedtobeB.itisusedtoC.itwasusedtoD.itusedtobe③—Youshouldhaveworkedharder.—IknowI________．A.oughttoB.oughttohaveC.shouldD.will④—Hewasn'thelpedyesterday.—Heoughtto________．A.haveB.beC.havebeenD.havedone【答案】①A②D③B④Ceq\a\vs4\al(21)不定式to的省略①不定式作表语时，假如前面有实义动词do的形式时，to要省略；②不定式作感官动词和使役动词的宾语补足语时，要省略to；③由并列连词and，except,but,than,or连接两个以上的具有相同意义或功能的不定式时，其次个动词不定式不带to；[注]假如两个不定式表示对比或对比，则不能省略to。如：It'seasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.④动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语时，不定式可以不带to；⑤“whynot＋省略to的不定式(动词原形)”表示建议，意为“为什么不”；“why＋省略to的不定式(动词原形)”表示不赞成；⑥动词不定式作but,except的宾语时，假如前面有实义动词do的形式时，要省略to；⑦不定式构成的特殊句式：too与ready,easy,willing,eager,anxious等形容词连用，此时不定式没有否定意义，too相当于very。如：Iamtoowillingtohelpyou.too在not,never,only,all,but后，不定式表示确定含义。①Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut______anevengreaterchallenge.A.meetsB.meetingC.meetD.tomeet②—It'salongtimesinceIsawmysister.—________herthisweekend?A.WhynotvisitB.WhynottovisitC.WhynotvisitingD.Whydon'tvisit③Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,______itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake【答案】①D②A③Beq\a\vs4\al(22)连接词＋不定式连接词和不定式连用相当于一个缩短了的从句。如：Shemusthavetimeinwhichtogrowcalm.Shehassomemoneyinthebank,withwhichtohelphermother.①Shehadnomoney________abirthdaypresentforherchildren.A.tobuywithB.buyingC.boughtD.withwhichtobuy②I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat________inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects【答案】①D②B1.(2022·江苏卷)Thelecture________，alivelyquestion－and－answersessionfollowed.A.beinggivenB.havinggivenC.tobegivenD.havingbeengiven2.(2022·福建卷)________thepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.A.SpendingB.SpentC.HavingspentD.Tospend3.(2022·湖南卷)________ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions，weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.A.HavingfreedB.FreedC.TofreeD.Freeing4.(2022·浙江卷)AmieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse________toguardher.A.toappointB.appointingC.appointedD.havingappointed5.(2022·天津卷)Clearlyandthoughtfully________，thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.A.writingB.towriteC.writtenD.beingwritten6.(2021·江苏卷)LionelMessi，________therecordforthemostgoalsinacalendaryear，isconsideredthemosttalentedfootballplayerinEurope.A.setB.settingC.tosetD.havingset7.(2021·安徽卷)________intheearly20thcentury，theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.A.TofoundB.FoundingC.FoundedD.Havingfounded8.(2021·湖南卷)Thesunbegantoriseinthesky，________themountainingoldenlight.A.bathedB.bathingC.tohavebathedD.havingbathed9.(2021·全国新课标卷)Theymightjusthaveaplace________onthewritingcourse—whydon'tyougiveitatry?A.leaveB.leftC.leavingD.toleave10.(2022·重庆卷)We'rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision________atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade【答案】1.D2.C3.C4.C5.C6.D7.C8.B9.B10.A1.________onaclearday，farfromthecitycrowds，themountainsgavehimasenseofpeace.A.WhilewalkingB.WalkingC.HewaswalkingD.Whenhewaswalking2.________withLeiFeng，westillhavealongwaytogo.A.ComparingB.ComparedC.TocompareD.Beingcompared3.—CanIhavethedocumentrightnow?—Ofcourse.WaitaminuteandI'llhavemysecretary________itforyou.A.toprintB.printingC.printedD.print4.Ireallylikethissongasitisoftenheard________everywhereinChina.A.singingB.sungC.havingsungD.tosing5.Thedoor________tomorrowwillgetdrythedayaftertomorrow.A.paintedB.tobepaintedC.beingpaintedD.topaint6.________thatthegovernmentcanleadthemoutofthefinancialcrisis，peopleareoptimisticaboutthefutureofthecountry.A.ConvincingB.ConvincedC.ToconvinceD.Havingconvinced7.Hecoulddonothingbut________whathehadsaid.A.totakebackB.tobetakenbackC.takingbackD.takeback8.IflewtoParisthismorning，myassistant________metherethisFriday.A.joiningB.tojoinC.willjoinD.wantstojoin9.________Australia'srelativelysmallpopulation，itsoutstandingperformanceintheOlympicGameswasreally________．A.Supposing；amazingB.Comparing；amazedC.Considering；amazingD.Given；amazed10.Icameintotheclassroom，________myseatandsatdowntoread.A.findingB.tofindC.foundD.tobefound11.Whowouldyourather________withyoutothecinema?A.havetogoB.havegoC.havegoneD.go12.ManybusinessmenattendedtheBoaoForumbecausetheyknewwhat________fromit.A.gettingB.tobegotC.gotD.toget13.Sheseemed________whoIwas，soIhadtointroducemyself.A.tonotrecognizeB.nottorecognizeC.tohavenotrecognizedD.nottohaverecognized14.—Haveyoufinishedyourtasknow?—Notyet.Somuchtimehasbeenwasted________itsdetailsaimlesslythismorning.A.beingassessedB.toassessC.assessedD.assessing15.I'mgoingthroughthecompositionhehasjustfinished________thepossiblemistakesinit.A.correctB.tocorrectC.havingcorrectedD.corrected16.Ifyouarecaught________，you'llbeexpelledfromschool.A.havingcheatedB.cheatingC.tohavecheatedD.tocheat17.________tohisworkresultedinhisgreatsuccess.A.DevotedB.BeingdevotedC.DevotingD.Todevote18.________thewebsiteoftheFireDepartmentinyourcity，andyouwilllearnalotaboutfirefighting.A.HavingsearchedB.